Njani sasiqubha? sasiqubha ekhaya: umyalelo kwi lemveliso

sasiqubha ekhaya - isixhobo ephantsi-iindleko ukuphefumla phantsi kwamanzi. Ababhali lohlolo abaninzi bathi le yunithi buyisela izixhobo ukuntywila ziindleko xa kuthe diving ukuya kubunzulu kweemitha ezine. Ngoko ke, sasiqubha uzenzele - ntoni na nendlela yokwenza oko?

ukuxhomekeka komntu ngezobuchwepheshe

Buza umbuzo malunga nendlela yokwenza aqualung ekhaya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba zonke izinto ezenziwa ngabantu sinxulumana ukusetyenziswa naziphi na izixhobo, izinto zokusebenza okanye obunye ubugcisa, lenza ithemba kuphela luck yabo okanye uncedo kumhlobo. Kwabo, umzekelo, ubalisa ukuqubha eqhelekileyo. Human usebenzisa iteknoloji - imoto okanye sasiqubha - ngokuphindaphindiweyo livula amathuba ayo. Kodwa ngokomlinganiselo ukuntsonkotha ukunyuka ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuxhomekeka umntu wayo.

Diver, mayixhotyiswe iseti "imaski, amaphiko, uSnorkel," usenkathazweni kunye nelahleko nantoni lwabo kwamanzi ukusuka zokusebenza ezikhoyo. Kodwa nemeko enzima kakhulu ngakumbi ibetheke Diver, ukuba amanzi ngequbuliso ime umoya. Oku kwenzeka ntoni kubunzulu apho akunakwenzeka ukuba kuvela ku umoya ofanayo. sasiqubha enkulu kunciphisa ukushukumiseka kwaye kwandisa ukuxhathisa amanzi. Enjalo imeko yonxunguphalo kwenzeka phantsi ngumkhenkce okanye mqolomba. Amatye kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kakhulu kwezobugcisa isicelo. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi kwabo bagqiba ukwenza diving ekhaya.

Kubunzima kwalo mba

Modern izixhobo Diver swi intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko. Zonke iindawo kunye iziqalelo izixhobo kufuneka ngocoselelo ubucinga. Iingcali ziye imithetho malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukuba uwaphule kungakhuthazwayo ngamandla. newbie engahlawulwayo xa kuthe ubunzima incinane ukusebenza izixhobo kufuneka ufune icebo nomqeqeshi wakhe ukusetyenziswa mahala izixhobo ngundoqo ekhuselekileyo diving.

Aqualung sisixhobo inzima kakhulu. Iingcali siqinisekise ukuba ukudala sasiqubha gear zokwexeshana ekhaya kunzima kakhulu. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukuba ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwaye bakwazi ukusebenza kwi izixhobo lathe elungileyo. Abo banomdla kwi umbuzo yokwenza sasiqubha ekhaya ngezandla zabo, kufuneka bafunde malunga nale fowuni kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

indaba

Igama elithi "sasiqubha" lithetha "amanzi ukukhanya". Imbali ibonisa ukuba icebo wadalwa ngokuthe ngcembe. I wokuqala Umlawuli Umoya lobunikazi ukusuka kumphezulu naphaya ukuba zisetyenziswe ngaphakathi etankini. Ngowe-1878, wenza i izixhobo ukuphefumla kwamanzi. Isebenzisa oksijini ecocekileyo. Ngo-1943 i-aqualung yokuqala yasekwa. Umbhali saso French Emil Ganyan kunye Jacques-iv Kusto.

device

Abo wagqiba ukwenza sasiqubha zokwexeshana, ufanele wazi ukuba lo yunithi iquka iinxalenye 3 eziphambili kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ezongezelelweyo:

• Balloon. Ezisetyenziswa izikhongozelo enye okanye ezimbini umxube uphefumlayo zixinaniswe. isikhongozeli nganye ibamba 7 - iilitha 18.
• Regulator. Siqulathe umatshini iimpahla kunye nemiphunga. Scuba kungabandakanya gearbox omnye okanye ngaphezulu.
• ukubagcina isiguquli. inka- sawa, injongo ekhethekileyo - ukulawulwa ubunzulu emanzini.
• Kala mayixhotyiswe uphawu into iyasebenza xa uxinzelelo lomoya ukuba umoya-30.

iimpawu

Efuna ukwenza sasiqubha gear zokwexeshana kufuneka ukwazi malunga iimpawu yeencindi.

• yogcino loxinzelelo, inxalenye itanki sasiqubha lulondolozo umoya. uxinzelelo zokusebenza kuwo - 150 umoya. umthamo cylinder Standard zeelitha 7 noxinzelelo silungiselela iilitha 1050 umoya.
• sasiqubha Used ngabo-, ezimbini okanye trohballonnye. Ngesiqhelo cylinder capacitance - 5 no-7 iilitha nesilinda-10 xa kuyimfuneko, 14 ilitha.
• cylinder Ifomu - zezindlu, ngentamo evuthelweyo linikwa ngomsonto yangaphakathi for obandayo ityhubhu eliphezulu-koxinzelelo okanye umbhobho.
• Iziqulathi ezenziwe ngesinyithi okanye aluminiyam. cylinder ensimbi lulungiselelwe kolu umhlwa-zokhuselo umaleko, apho zinc iyasetyenziswa. cylinder ensimbi zinamandla xa kuthelekiswa ne-aluminiyam, kodwa ke ngaphantsi sisemanzini.
• Iziqulathi izaliswe nomxube igesi okanye zixinaniswe ecociweyo umoya. container Modern zixhotyiswe nokhuseleko ukuphuphuma.
• Bona ezifakelwe reducer uxinzelelo lomoya, lonke uxinzelelo umsebenzi aqualung kunciphisa ukusuka umoya-150 ukuya ku-6. Zalathisi enjalo umxube yokuphefumla ongena umatshini miphungeni.
• isixhobo pulmonary ezenzekelayo i aqualung engundoqo isixhobo, ekubeni ondliwa nge emoyeni ukuphefumla, ogama xi ilingana uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwiiseli kwindawo esifubeni Diver ngayo.

iintlobo sasiqubha

Sagqiba ukwakha sasiqubha zokwexeshana kufuneka bazi ukuba iintlobo ezintathu izixhobo ezisetyenziswa diving: evulekileyo, ivaliwe, iziphaluka eziphantse-closed. Bona ahluka ukusuka kwenye nenye isetyenziswa ngendlela ukuphefumla.

circuit evulekileyo

Oku ezisetyenziswa zexabiso eliphantsi, lula, yaye musa ube neempawu kakhulu amagiya. Isebenza kuphela kwi-moya. Ngexesha Umphunga ukubunjwa zisebenziseke akhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuba ugalelwe ngomxube yokuzaliswa isayizi. Oku kuthintela oxygen yindlala okanye yityhefu icarbon dioxide. Le nkqubo luphawulwa elula loyilo ukhuselekile ukusebenza. Kodwa ethile enkulu: ibizwa ukuba aguqulelwe diving ngokunzulu ngenxa lezikhukula lokuphefumla igesi anzongonzongo kakhulu.

circuit close

Scuba isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-Diver exhales umoya, apho kusetyenzwa - usulungekile kwisono carbon-dioxide okroqiweyo ioksijini, nalapho kwakhona ezifanelekileyo ukuphefumla. Izinto eziluncedo ze-nkqubo:

• ubunzima low;
• izixhobo ngamagama amancinane;
• mhlawumbi ukungena amanzi enzonzobila;
• Ilungiselelwe kokuhlala ixesha elide ngaphantsi Diver kwamanzi;
• kunokwenzeka ukuba Diver ukuhlala zifihlakele.

Olu hlobo kwezixhobo ilungiselelwe umgangatho ophezulu woqeqesho, wabaqalayo ukusebenzisa hayi kuyacetyiswa. Le ezingalunganga zale nkqubo ziquka ixabiso layo ebalulekileyo.

yesiphaluka semi-closed

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo inkqubo enjalo - hybrid leesekethe ezivulekileyo kunye ezivaliweyo. Inxalenye umxube erisayikilishiweyo is ahlanganiswe oksijini, emva koko kube kwakhona ekhoyo ukuphefumla, nokunyoluka yayo idubule kokusingqongileyo. Kulo mzekelo, ubunzulu ngokuntywiliselwa ezahlukeneyo lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa iintlobo cocktails irhasi yokuphefumla ukuba ukuphefumla.

amandla emiswa

ezininzi abaninzi kule mini-aqualung isetyenziswa njenge itanki yogcino. model lweMini - inkqubo indawo ukuze wokuphefumla ngaphantsi kwamanzi kubunzulu encinane. Oku kuquka gearbox kunye akabafuni kunye midget itanki kunye nomoya. rates volume emoyeni zixhomekeke ngamnye neempawu Diver.

Ukusebenzisa izixhobo sasiqubha

Scuba kunceda umntu ukuba ukudada ngaphantsi kwamanzi free. Ngokususa into ebangela ukuba ukuhamba lonke ixesha kwi emazantsi okanye ahlale kwindawo tye. Oku kungenxa izixhobo isicelo ebanzi iefa kuphela kodwa cameramen, nabalungisi, abembi, ichthyologists, fracturing nabafoti, kunye nabanye.

Abantu abaninzi bazama ukwenza sasiqubha ekhaya izandla zakhe. Isizathu sigqibo inokuba umnqweno wonge imali, kwaye nothando angenakoyiswa ubuchule technical. abasebenzisi Network azimisele ukwabelana iingcebiso kunye nengcebiso ngokuphathelele kwimveliso kwefowuni khaya.

"Ibangela": ekhaya sasiqubha izixhobo ukusuka lombhobho segesi

Uya kufuna oku:

• cylinder ngomoya, metal-edityanisiweyo, umoya kuhlinzwa semigudu umgca oxygen umda (isithembiso sentlawulo) kwaye umva ukutshajisa lwezivalo. Umthamo we nganye: 4 L, ubunzima: 4,200, uxinzelelo: 150 bar.
• Aircraft oxygen valve
• azakhele Flywheel.
• Reducer ezitroneni moya ejection.
• ESoviet reducer irhasi ye propane.
• Ekhaya spring steel wire steel stainless kunye nabanye.

Indlela yokwenza?

1. Iziqulathi edibene nezibambi of insimbi (zingenziwa ukusukela amatanki kumatshini wokuhlamba). Phakathi ibhaluni kufakwa faka eyenziwe ngomthi, wambu ngelaphu kwi ngesithambiso esimnyama epoxy-based PF. Gear cover bemba imingxuma, ukuze angaxingi amanzi.
2. ubulunga oluzenzekelayo kwenkqubo mpilo isusiwe. lever Onyuswe nge cotter.
3. Regulator ekhaya for sasiqubha zingenziwa ivelufa lwamancedo eqhagamshelwe gearbox ye emthonjeni wire steel stainless kunye inshorensi duralumin kunye ingono loqhakamshelwano umatshini exit semiphunga. Ingaba gear elungelelanisiweyo (ukubeka uxinzelelo - 6.5 bar).
4. Umatshini pulmonary zingenziwa ukusukela izixhobo igesi eSoviet. Xa istili-2 kufuneka ufake likufanelekele eyenziwe duralumin tube (ubukhulu - 16.5 mm). Kwenye kubo ingundaba ukubacinezela isitya stainless. Enye intlama iglasi textolite kunye isivingco ezizenza igesi. Ukuba isivingco ezinzwaneni uyasilela ngokukhawuleza, oko kufuneka kwenziwe indebe yerabha ngakumbi (unqanyulwe ukusuka kumaqweqwe himkomplekta yezihlangu eSoviet) kunye lizulu kunye nut nokukhusela vana ngqo iinqwelo. Endaweni ofanelekayo uxhulumaniso omdala yenziweyo duralumin entsha, nto leyo ethe ukuya epoxy endaweni endala. Netoti kwesihlalo vana - 2.5 mm.
5. Ukuze simelane amandla yokuvula zezulu zixinaniswe kwi cap umiselwe umthombo ekhaya okuwisa, leyo unamathele phezulu isiciko iphini tye.
6. Le inwebu yenziweyo ngerabha efanayo kuqweqwe yezihlangu. Wamlenya lo puck ezinobunzima encinane ukuphelisa lokungcangcazela ngexesha iphefumlelwe. I pad nga imlungisele valve inhalation kwi eliphezulu-speed ngesandla lokukhuhla piece irabha.
7. Pulmonary ngokuzenzekelayo retaining iibholiti ezintathu. isandla-kwimali, ukuba kakuhle uyakwazi ukugcina ndizayo. Inxalenye esezantsi kumatshini wemiphunga izixhobo isicelo intuthuzelo elongezelelweyo mayixhotyiswe ipleyiti ezenziwe rivet insimbi, nto leyo ifakwe phantsi kwesilevu.
8. Ezizibeni zamagxa zenziwe amaqhosha wenayiloni ifoni ngaphandle hlengiso ngenxa yokunqongophala imfuneko. Ibhanti esinqeni inokuba akukho ngokukhawuleza-release bopha.

inkcazelo ngenxa

Kubunzulu we-10 m sasiqubha kuba kuvumela ukwenza umsebenzi onzima (batsale emazantsi inkunkuma okanye ukuqubha fast) ngaphandle isiphumo air intswelo. It is hhayi ifakwe iqhosha ihlanjululwe, kodwa unako ukuyenza. umatshini imfuneko pulmonary ukuba ubheke kuphela isicelo kuqala, uze emva koko sibeka intshukumo incinane wenza kwezivalo inspiratory. Isebenza noxinzelelo yebar 6-7. Iinzame Tsalani ebonakala njengezamkelekileyo kakhulu, ezifana AVM-5. Weight - 300 g Ingasetyenziselwa ukuya ithumbu ngaphandle kwamagqabi, ngoncedo udibaniso etsobhileyo. Le fowuni elula kakhulu (malunga 11.5 kg), i compact iimeko. Awunazo isalathisi xi ubuncinane.

Enye ngumfuziselo iisilinda ngcono igesi sasiqubha

1. Lungisa ibhaluni. Sebenzisa isikhongozeli mqulu iilitha-22, kuxhomekeka kukhetha. Ungasebenzisa iziqulathi 2 iilitha 4,7-7. Kuba iyakufanela diving eqhelekileyo ibhaluni kwi bar 200, kuba zobugcisa - ibha 300.
2. Lungisa leswaku xi, lombhobho xi efanayo.
3. Connect gear ne ibhaluni. Qinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo bar kuyo kwi 6-11 ngaphezu xi kuma.
4. Dibanisa ithumbu xi reducer ukuya ithumbu eqhotyoshelweyo imfuno vana. Xa isebenza kakuhle kwaye uphephe uxinzelelo ingqamana uxinzelelo isivamvo imposiso master eliphakathi.
5. Qhoboshela nabalawuli. Inani labo ixhomekeka imisebenzi. Kuba diving yolonwabo ecwangcisiweyo kufuneka 2 izilawuli: zamabanga backup.
6. Cwangcisa BCD (hayi efunekayo ukuze ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-aqualung, kodwa kwenza kube lula kwaye ikhuseleke diving).
7. Ukumpompa up itanki oksijini khangela inkqubo ndawonye. Ukuba zonke izinto ezidibene ngokuchanekileyo kwaye umatshini isebenza, kufuneka kubekho uvavanyo ungene lokuqala kubunzulu zingabalulekanga. Ukuba yimpumelelo, sasiqubha kungathathwa ilungele ukusetyenziswa.

aqualung ekhaya evela sokucima umlilo

1. Ukusetyenziswa itankana sokucima carbon dioxide mlilo (uxinzelelo - 150 ibha, umthamo - iilitha ezi-5 ubunzima - malunga 7.5 kg)
2. Ivelufa kuyimfuneko ukucola imilo setyhula, kwiglasana ebethelelwa kulo ofanelekayo emise oku kuka-T (Ibhaluni esihlalweni ejection), nekufuneka mayixhotyiswe valve Ukuvuya womserbia.
3. It efakwe iipleyiti duralumin ezimbini, ethangeni kunye.
4. Baqinisa reducer, nto leyo ke linyathelo wesibini oksijini nezixhobo kuyasetyenzwa kwakhona ukusuka kwisihlalo ejection (isebenza bar 8).
5. Bokwenziwa ekhaya wenza valve ukhuseleko, ubukhulu be inwebu kuncitshiswa ngokusebenzisa iipleyiti 2.
6. Bokwenziwa reducer isihlalo wevalufa ububanzi 1, 2 mm airbag vana (fluoroplastic), koko, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ezinye ngakumbi iinguqulelo ezingephi.
7. umatshini pulmonary ezifana kwimodeli ezichazwe ngasentla (jonga "Yathetheka" iprofayile :. sasiqubha Homemade ukusuka lombhobho gas "). Used umzimba kwezinye iiseyile, ngokunjalo semigudu ekhaya-ezenziwe kunye Ukuphefumla zingumphunga. Ibhaluni lukhuselekile nge yamasango duralumin ngasemva fiberglass.

ngenxa

Le fowuni ngumsebenzi ethembekileyo ishwangusha-free. Eyona ngxaki kulondolozo - umhlwa dural izindlu kubuywa emanzini amtyuba. Kucetyiswa ukuba isicelo silicone grease ukusombulula le ngxaki. Ezi zixhobo hhayi ifakwe igeyiji nengcinezelo, akukho okucoca (ungasebenzisa i ityhubhu siphon kulo itanki enezikroba oluncinane kwisiphelo). Weight - 9.5 kg.

Kwi-Internet, kukho ezinye iindlela njengezibonelo ekhaya-ezenziwe sasiqubha mlilo.

inketho №1

• Le fowuni senziwe itankana - ngumamkeli (2 L) ukusuka isicima mlilo.
• Ngoku- esifubeni.
• Endaweni yoko, eli usebenzisa ekhaya air pnevmoknopka feed manual umoya.
• Le fowuni lixhotyiswe isivingco ngetshekhi, leyo wazinqumla umgca lomoya, xa kuthe uqhekeko ngombhobho, umoya ezingena kweyona migaqo mikhulu.
• Akukho gearbox ke ngoko kusetyenziswa ukunciphisa ubunzulu emanzini.
• Le inwebu ndingungelwe entwasahlobo isihlalo vana. Xa ucofa i sokunqika uphakanyiselwa yaye umoya iya umoya. Umoya eziveliswa kwamanzi ivelufa zeemoto.
• Lo moya lwenziwa ukusuka kumphezulu lombhobho zothutho i welding amandla Iilitha ukuya ku-40. Kuba izixhobo enxulumene umatshini semiphunga.
• Okuqhotyoshelwe ingalo pnevmoknopka amaqhosha lula ukuba kufuneka ukuba ayibambe ngesandla sakho. Ngesandla ngokuyinxenye akhululwe kwaye isetyenziswa ukwenza nayiphi - nawuphi na umsebenzi.

umehluko №2

• Xa zifakwe kwi lombhobho sokucima (1.5 L).
• Le fowuni isebenzisa inkqubo feed manual umoya.
• Ezi zixhobo lixhotyiswe isivingco - pnevmoknopkoy, ivalve kunye nezixhobo.
• Siqulathe ityhubhu, likufanelekele ziqinisiwe of a isicima-mlilo, apho kokulungisa isivingco umva, licinezelwe ngokuchasene kwisihlalo tapered kunye nomoya spring zixinaniswe. Kwi umoya umzimba tube kunye inwebu kunye stud sikuxinile ivelufa zeplastiki. Kwicala emuva azisebenzisele eyenzelwe cofa ngomnwe.
• Umoya ukusivala isixhobo udlula kwincam fluid (ubukhulu - 2 mm), kulandele inhalation kwi ingundaba. Umoya kudluliselwa isivingco.
• ibhanti Weight ilula ukuvelisa. Made cylinder elikhokelayo, ityhubhu uphose duralumin kunye noqhoqhoqho longitudinal. Ifakwe ekhaya ngokukhawuleza-release bopha.

Utyando ekhuselekileyo isixhobo akanako yathandabuza, kodwa yingxaki itywiniwe cylinder valve lokuvala zeplastiki

Indlela yokwenza izixhobo sasiqubha ngaphandle ebhotileni?

I-Internet unika imiyalelo yokwenza izixhobo sasiqubha ekhaya ngaphandle ebhotileni. Ngokutsho lisingenise umbhali, ungasebenzisa i sisitshizi asetyenziswe horticulture. Indlela elula yokufumana oko ivenkile okukhethekile begadi. Xa izikhongozeli ngokukhetha akufuneki Shiyiselanani iibhotile ezinkulu kakhulu, bona kakhulu "utsalo" up.

Uya kufuna oku:

• wokutshiza (isenzo pump);
• mbhobho bhetyebhetye (iplastiki);
• U-ityhubhu esetyenziselwa diving;
• isikhongozeli (ibhotile).

ubuchwepheshe:

1. Okokuqala, susa limiter esifakelwe sisitshizi. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba kangangoko zezulu bephuma kuloo sisitshizi.
2. On top of the ithumbu sisitshizi soluliwe, natywinwa ngobunono abicah okanye iglu ashushu.
3. Emazantsi yombhobho kwamanzi ezifakwe kwi kwiqweqwe webhotile yeplastiki, kunye una pre-agrunjiwe of ubukhulu lamanzi.
4. Lo mbhobho lifakwa emngxunyeni, ethe ngenyameko, atywinwe. ukulungele sasiqubha-gingxi.

isimiso ukusebenza

Ibhotile liqhagamshelene intshukumo pump sisitshizi kwaye uzaliswe ngumoya. Umthamo we-330 ml ezaliswe emoyeni imivumbo-50. Esi sixa of umoya ezaneleyo ukugqiba Ukuphefumla ezine. umthamo omkhulu kufuneka mayixhotyiswe umthwalo, njengoko bazaliswa ngumoya ukuba zidade i ebhotileni. Ndikhuphe umoya ukusuka ibhotile, kwanele ukuba ucinizele ehambelana iqhosha kwi umpu yokutshiza.

isiphelo

sasiqubha yemveliso Independent kuya kongela imali nokunika ithuba lokuxhamla okanye uyolo nanto inxaxheba kwinkqubo yoyilo. Ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ubomi babo kunye nempilo iingcibi kufuneka zilandele ngqo le miyalelo.