Nitrogen mninzi

Nitrogen - chemical element kwenkqubo ngamaxesha athile, otyunjwe oonobumba N nokuba inani ulandelelwano 7. Kukho N2 molecule, ezibandakanya athom ezimbini. Le chemical yigesi enemibala emihle, esha nasongo njengoko egalelwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Ukuxinana-nitrogen phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo (kwi-0 ° C kwakunye noxinzelelo ka 101.3 kPa) ilingana 1,251 g / dm3. Isiqalelo yinxalenye ojikeleze umhlaba xa isixa-mali ka-78,09% of umthamo wayo. Kwafunyaniswa kuqala njengecandelo umoya ugqirha Scottish Daniel Rutherford ngo-1772.

nitrogen ilulwelo ulwelo cryogenic. Xa womoya abile kwi - 195,8 ° C. Ngoko ke, oko kunokugcinwa kuphela kwiinqanawa ekwanti, ezo amatanki for iigesi liquified okanye zaphatha Dewar. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, ukuze kugcinwe okanye abathuthwa ngaphandle nayiphi na ilahleko ngenxa ngumphunga. Njengoko ice owomileyo (yepetroleum carbon dioxide, nelaziwa ngokuba carbon dioxide), nitrogen ulwelo lisetyenziswa refrigerant. Ukongeza, ukuba isetyenziswe cryopreservation igazi, iiseli zokuzala (sperm kunye namaqanda) kwakunye namanye iisampula eziphilayo izinto. Ayifunayo, yaye kusenziwa clinical, umzekelo cryotherapy ekususeni cysts kunye iintsumpa apha esikhumbeni. engamanzi nitrogen mninzi ilingana 0,808 g / cm3.

Abaninzi iikhompawundi namuhla ezibalulekileyo ezifana nitric acid, ammonia, nitrate eziphilayo (iziqhushumbisi, fuels) kunye siyanadzi ziquka N2. iibhondi kakhulu strong nitrogen elemental kwi molecule kubangela ubunzima nenxaxheba yalo ekudibaneni kwemichiza, kungenxa inertia layo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo (ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo). Ukubandakanya ezi zizathu N2 kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi ngenzululwazi kunye nezoshishino. Umzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukugcina uxinzelelo abantu behleli-apho kwi nezokukhupha oyile okanye irhasi. Naziphi na izicelo layo okanye yenzululwazi ufuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni na lexinene nitrogen noxinzelelo elithile lobushushu. Ukususela imithetho physics kunye obizwa kusaziwa ukuba umthamo rhoqo ukwanda lobushushu uya kwandisa uxinzelelo kunye lexinene gesi, yaye vice versa.

Xa yaye kutheni simele sazi lexinene nitrogen? Kubalwe le parameter isetyenziswa xa nokuyila iinkqubo ezikhoyo usebenzisa N2, elabhoratri iimveliso. Isebenzisa ixabiso ezaziwayo lexinene gesi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala ubunzima kukho umthamo othile. Umzekelo, kwakusazeka ukuba ethatha umthamo igesi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo 20 dm3. Kulo mzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala ubunzima: m = 20 • 1,251 = 25,02 g Ukuba iimeko ngaphandle ibhanile, umthamo eyaziwayo ka-N2 phantsi kwezi meko, kufuneka kuqala ufumane (ngokuba kubalawuli), lexinene nitrogen noxinzelelo ecacisiweyo lobushushu, kwaye eli xabiso koko liphindaphindwe umthamo yile gesi.

izibalo ezinje yenziwa kwimveliso kumalungiselelo kulinganisa eziphathekayo leeyunithi inkqubo. Kuba iyimfuneko ukuziphatha iinkqubo zobugcisa, ukukhethwa lezixhobo, ubalo yemida zobugcisa kunye noqoqosho, kwaye ngaphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba ukuyeka zonke izixhobo imveliso iikhemikhali kunye nemibhobho kufuneka phambi ukuvulwa kunye terminal ukuba kwakulungiswa kucanyagushelwa irhasi egalelwe - nitrogen (oko ke libiza kancinane kwaye eyona ekhoyo kune, umzekelo, helium okanye argon). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba isigodlo ninzi N2, nto leyo amaxesha amaninzi umthamo kwezithuthi okanye uluhlu lwemibhobho, ekuphela kwendlela ukususa ukusuka kwinkqubo zegesi kunye ulophu olunokutsha kwaye ecaleni uqhushumbo okanye umlilo. Ukucwangcisa umsebenzi yokumisa phambi ukulungiswa, Technician, esazi umthamo kwanokuxinana nkqubo awunanto nitrogen, N2 ubala ubunzima, nto leyo efunekayo okuhlaba.

Ukuze lula izibalo, nto ezo kungeyomfuneko ukuba ngqo, iigesi wokwenene nenani yegesi efanelekileyo kwaye usebenzise umthetho Avogadro kaThixo. Ekubeni ubunzima 1 Mol ka-N2 ngamanani ilingana no-28 grams, no-1 nolovane wawo nawuphi na umthamo we yegesi efanelekileyo ithatha iilitha 22.4, loxinano nitrogen ilingana 28 / 22.4 = 1.25 grams / ilitha = 1.25 g / dm3. Le ndlela isebenza ngokukhawuleza ukufumana lexinene lwerhasi ngamnye, hayi kuphela N2. Idla ngokusetyenziswa iiLebhu zoHlahlelo.