Ngubani wafumanisa mba iirubber yokuhlanganisa, yaye yintoni na?

Ngubani wafumanisa mba iirubber yokuhlanganisa, ukwazi oko akubantwini bonke. Nangona igama lalo mntu ichazwa kulo mhlomlo. Igama lakhe uCharles Nelson Kumho, yaye namhlanje igama lakhe, "bona" amatayari brand odumileyo. Ngaphandle ukuzibandakanya kwakhe, "irabha Indian" (irabha) abangenakuze baye ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, t. To. Kwaba nje lokuqhayisa, kanye savela eMelika. Iminyaka emininzi, uCharles kwenziwa amalinge amaninzi ezinamacandelo ukuxubana yerabha ezahlukeneyo (ukusuka turpentine anobungozi nezinki oxide), lo gama 1839 ngonyaka ayivulwanga nokuqulunqwa ukwimo isalfure.

Yintoni inkqubo yokuhlanganisa irabha? Kweli qela chemistry - nebonelela iimolekyuli irabha compound ku-ntathu uhlobo igridi lomhlaba, ngemixokelelwane ezinqamlezayo yamachiza noko inqabile. Ipropati yokugqibela ivumela amavili ukuba bhetyebhetye ngokufanayo kakhulu, ukuba kukho yerabha zendalo, oko yenziwe kuzo.

Xa ngerabha iqine igridi zingafumaneka phantsi lobushushu eliphezulu okanye imitha, kwaye kwakhona xa kufakwa arhente ezikhethekileyo chemical. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuba utyando usebenzisa kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa ezifana boilers, oomatshini inaliti ukubumba, oomatshini, autoclaves, shaper-vulcanizers kunye coolants (ukusuka ngomphunga eshushu kubushushu zombane).

Iqondo lobushushu enganyangekiyo iirubber ekrwada kunokuba kakhulu ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni imveliso yokugqibela. A Uluhlu classic uvela degrees 130 ukuya 200 Celsius, nangona Ipeyinti irabha kunye yokuncamathelisa maxa wambi waphila lobushushu igumbi (ngama-20, i "yokuhlanganisa kubanda"). Substances agents abasakwazi ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuba inkqubo elinikiweyo. Kakhulu ndandingohlukani yokuhlanganisa sulphuric, nto leyo evumela ukufumana rubbers diene esetyenziswa eTire lokuvelisa kunye nezihlangu irabha. Ukongeza, indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa babizwa ngokuba "kwizomelezi" (kuba uhlobo yokugqibela yenkqubo), oko kakhulu sulfonamides kwaye endaweni TIZOL.

iqine Hot iirubber lungenziwa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu ukuba sihlole izinto inxaxheba kwinkqubo kwemichiza: dithiocarbamates, okanye xanthates. Kulo mzekelo umsebenzi yenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwi lobushushu izidanga malunga 110-125. Kuba ephilisa yokuncamathelisa Latex ezithile ihlangana obushushu asezantsi (degrees 20 ukuya 100) ingasetyenziswa xa usebenzisa sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate.

Isetyenziswa kwi yokuhlanganisa iirubber izinto abancedisayo (oligoester acrylates, peroxides, phenol resin, njl) Vumela ukufumana iimveliso kunye nokumelana nobushushu phezulu, monolithic, ukuphuculwa iipropati Heating. Kwakhona hayi indima lokugqibela ukuyilwa imveliso (ukusuka kweentende eebhutsi ukuba izacholo), antioxidants (umdlalo niyolule ubomi yerabha) kunye plasticizers, uvumela ukunciphisa viscosity ukwimo kwi unyango kunye izinga "usule".