Ngubani na ilungu le nqanawa? Eli qela a inqwelo: ukubunjwa, photo

Eli qela - ingqiqo kakhulu ngokubanzi. Njengomthetho jikelele, oko kuquka kuphela iqela eliphuma ezulwini, kodwa ke abantu abo banoxanduva lokugcina ebhodini emhlabeni. Abakhweli musa ukubona elidlulileyo, yaye ngokufuthi abakho bayazi ukuba iingcali ezininzi ukusebenza ukuze akhwele ngokukhuselekileyo wawazisa khona.

airliner

Imbali moya umkhweli yaqala ngo 1913 eRashiya. Ngaloo nyaka, ngempumelelo kwaba lokuqala embalini yoluntu ethwele "kulya Muromets", wadala yi Igorem Ivanovichem Sikorskim. Lo moya bangaqhubeka kuphela abakhweli kodwa impahla kwaye waba bomber.

Ukususela ngoko, zininzi izinto ezitshintshileyo kulo mmandla. Aircraft ithwele abakhweli, babe lovukelo, ezinye iimodeli linokugubungela umgama ngeekhilomitha phezu 6000. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, litshintsha ukwakhiwa kunye nenani lamalungu enqanaweni.

Abasebenzi ukukhonza flight umkhweli

Bonke abasebenzi tiendlekela basaba, zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini eziphambili:

1. Abasebenzi "emva emfihlekweni", oko kuquka iingcali zobugcisa emhlabeni, abaphathi ezazongamele moya kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya, abaphathi kunye nabanye abasebenzi.
2. izisebenzi. nokubunjwa kwayo ixhomekeka kuhlobo moya. Ezi ziquka umthetheli, co-pilot, zenjneli flight abalindi.

Izisebenzi ukuba ukubhabha, kufuneka kakhulu neziqu. Izakhono aba bantu kunye nesakhono ukuzalisekisa ngokucacileyo iimfuno zokhuseleko zixhomekeke kubomi abakhweli ababekhwele kweso yoxolo nomgangatho ophezulu wenkonzo ibhabha.

ukuphepha kwendiza xa iyonke ixhomekeke nobuchwepheshe yomqeshwa ngamnye, oko ngokupheleleyo ayibalulekanga, liphuma emoyeni okanye ebaleka phezu komhlaba.

Iimfuno eyenzelwe abasebenzi moya

Isigqibo sokuba ngubani na ilungu le nqanawa, cinga ngumsebenzi ngokweenkcukacha.

Kweli xesha eSoviet ngoko nangoko emva kokuba moya udibana amalungu amathathu okanye amane abasebenzi. Namhlanje lo msebenzi ukuphatha amalungu amabini okanye amathathu abasebenzi. Ngokuqulunqwa iindlela zobugcisa andigweqe ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi esasihamba ngayo amaqembu moya. Kwakhona kwi cockpits of flight umkhweli mihla kuthetha kukho akufane indawo yokusabela yinjineli. Njengomthetho jikelele, ukwakhiwa abasebenza iqulathe kuphela umphathi wenqanawa kunye co-pilot, kungekhona kuquka abalindi moya.

Ukubeka ekuthiwa-Iimfuneko ezingundoqo yabaqhubi "ibhodi". Eli gama libhekisela inani leeyure wachitha emoyeni. Ayanda "uqweqwe", kokukhona abanamava yena ingqalelo. Kuba umthetheli-moya zengqesho esezantsi iya kuthetha iiyure 4,000 eziphaphazelayo. Ngelo xesha phezu kwezandla zakhe mfuneko kufuneka isiqinisekiso esisebenzayo elilingwayo. Ingqwayi-moya Kukuwe inoxanduva ukhuseleko kwicala umphakathi uthathe naziphi na izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.

Iimfuno kubhabho kwi zoPhapho isicelo umqhubi yesibini. isikhundla sakhe ukwabizwa ngokuba umphathi abancedisayo be- nqanawa. Kwimeko sesicatshulwa loqeqesho kubo ebhodini, mayingabi sakhululwa ngokuba co-pilot. ngokuqhelekileyo co-pilot-moya ibekwe esihlalweni sokunene, umthetheli - kwesokunxele. Yonke imisebenzi phakathi iingcali ezimbini ichazwe ngokucacileyo. Nganye yenza nje inxalenye yale ngxaki.

abalindi flight

abalindi moya bebesoloko neqhayiya Civil Aviation. Namhlanje abasebenzi njengoko abasebenzi ibandakanya amantombazana nje kuphela kodwa amakhwenkwe. Abalindi Imisebenzi moya ezinkulu:

• esweni rhoqo ndlwana ngenjongo impendulo ngexesha iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli.
• Bakhutshwe ngobungxamo abaviwa impendulo ngexesha likaxakeka, kubandakanywa panic kwibhodi kunye sophazamiseko nkqi, umsi, kunye nabanye.
• inkonzo umkhweli.

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo moya, abahlali zalo ukubaleka ukusuka kwelinye ukuya elinesine abalindi moya. umphathi nkonzo badla yinxalenye crew inqwelo-moya. nokubunjwa kwayo umiselwa mthetho, uhlobo moya kunye neemfuno moya ezongezelelweyo.

Kukhuphiswano zoPhapho mihla olukhoyo udidi lweenkonzo zabahambi zokuhamba. Ngoko ke, asinto ingaqhelekanga ukufumana enqanaweni bartender kunye chef abaqeqeshiweyo. Kwakhona yinxalenye aba belungu bayehluthe kubo.

Uqeqesho kunye ngokutsha labasebenzi

Njengomgaqo, akaze afune ilayisenisi ikhabhathi crew ehlabathini. Ngaba uqeqesho ayisosinyanzelo kwaye lubekwe nokhuseleko. Oku kuquka ukukwazi ukudada, ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza zongxamiseko, ukuqeqesha phezu imigangatho yokhuseleko. Olu qeqesho lwenziwa emhlabeni iinyanga eziliqela, kulandele eluviweni. moya abaninzi zibekw 'esweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ugqirha isiKhangeli impilo abasebenzi, amalungu aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Ukwakhiwa (photo eboniswe), apho lo moya Commission, qiniseka ukuba ziquka iingcali, zokuvavanya yabaqhubi nabalindi moya. Oogqirha Ngaphandle oku iKomishini akuvumelekanga.

Kunye nabaqhubi imeko yahlukile. Kufuneka ahlolwe yonyaka-mfundo kwakhona, nto leyo iquka:

1. test moya (unikezela kanye ngonyaka).
2. flight Test kuyi (baqesha kabini ngonyaka).
3. sokuvuselela phantsi emhlabeni.

Kunyanzelekile kwakhona ngenxa yabaqhubi yi axilongwe. Nemfuneko efanayo kusebenza kunye iinjineli moya. Kuba abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ikhomishini lonyango kwenzeka qho emva kweenyanga ezi-6 kwabo phantsi engama-40 ubudala - kanye ngonyaka.

Crew ukusebenza iiyure

Umsebenzi emoyeni lisoloko linxulunyaniswa ntshikilelo. Yiyo loo nto bonke abo bayinxalenye crew, atyhila nokungalali nokudinwa. Umbuzo lingakanani ixesha amalungu eqela kufuneka emsebenzini kulawulwa ngokwahlukeneyo moya nganye, nto leyo esekelwe imithetho yelizwe.

Noko ke, lo mbuzo kuhlala abukhali. Ayingeni ukuba iinqwelo-moya phezu imigama emifutshane. Kodwa lo moya luhleli iiyure 10-16, ingxaki iyatyhilwa ngamnye. imithetho Common kwi iiyure eqhelekileyo zoPhapho ngaba akude kufumaneke.