Ngokwefonetiki-yezandi hypoplasia intetho - ukugxojwa yokubiza izandi nendlela abayibona ngayo phonemes yi indlebe

Abazali bayavuya xa abantwana babo baqala ukubiza izandi zokuqala, ngoko iisilabhili kunye namagama alula. Ukuba i Inomtsalane umntwana konyaka-amathathu anesibini ithi "fyfka" endaweni "intlama iphela" okanye "ngepeyinti" endaweni "umhlaza", oko kubonwa eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ukuba umntwana lwaba ezine okanye ezintlanu, kodwa yena akakwazi bathi abaninzi izandi, sigqwethe amazwi okanye ukuthetha, kangangokuba kunzima ukuqonda, sinako besiya FFNR. Le abbreviation imele phonetic kwaye izandi baswele intetho. Le ukuhlukunyezwa ayikho nje engeyongozi njengoko kubonakala abanye oomama kunye abazali. Ukuba umntwana lowo akanako umahluko ngokuziva zibizwa phonemes afana, kube njalo kuye ubunzima upelo kunye nokufunda, kwakunye izivakalisi ngentloko, imibongo. Loo umntwana kunzima ukumelana kubahlali besikolo, yaye kwixesha elizayo ukuphumeza ngokwakhe ebomini. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulungisa FFNR, nkqu eneminyaka epriskuli.

Eli nqaku linika inkcazelo kutheni abantwana onokugula e pronunciation, yaye ziziphi iindlela zokulungisa le siphene.

hypoplasia Ngokwefonetiki-izandi yokuthetha unyango kwintetho: ntoni na?

Kukho inkcazelo ecacileyo oko okuthathwa FFNR. Xa unyango kwintetho, oku kuthetha sasiphikisana iinkqubo ukubunjwa kwabantu proiznositelnoj inkqubo ulwimi okubangelwa iziphene ukumanyelwa pronunciation of phonemes. Sicacisa ukuba yintoni na phoneme. Eli gama libhekisela unit ubuncinane smyslorazdelitelnuyu ulwimi ngandlel ekwafanekisa ingcamango "isandi". Abazali basoloko bamangaliswa xa besiva ukuba usana bene ngokugqibeleleyo with "kukwaphula ukuva izandi." Into yokuba kukho izinto ezimbini ngeendlebe - eziphilayo (ukukwazi ukuqonda ukuva izandi yehlabathi elisingqongileyo) kunye yezandi (ubuchule bokwahlula ngokucacileyo nokuhlalutya phonemes). Ukuba yaphulwe, abantwana kuva abadala kakuhle, kodwa akakwazi ukwahlula phakathi izandi ezifanayo, ezifana 'a' ukusuka 'g "okanye" b "kwi" n ". Ngenxa yoko, uphindaphinde khumbula into bathi kodwa njani bakuva oko ezithethwayo. Kulo mzekelo, ingqondo yomntwana ibe kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ubudala.

ngezigaba

ukuphazamiseka Speech zisenokungabi qatha, kwixesha eliphakathi kwaye inzima.

Ukukhanya lwenzeka xa umntwana Makangagocagoci nokuthi kuphela ezithile phonemes ingakumbi ezinzima okanye izayamaniso yalo.

Le fom avareji banesifo ukuba kophulwa uhlalutyo yesandi ezinkulu ngakumbi. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana ukwahlula ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ayitsho inani elibalulekileyo phonemes. Xa ufunda nokubhala abantwana abanjalo iimpazamo ezithile kwincoko ngokuchanekileyo lokuyivelisa la iisilabhili ngamagama.

Ezimandundu luphawulwa iingxaki ezinzulu phonetic. Abantwana nale ngxaki musa ukwahlula phonemes yi indlebe, andazi ukuba kuzaba ngayo kubo ngamazwi, ukumisela ezilandelelanayo, ukwenza iisilabhili ngamagama. Phantse njalo xa kakhulu luqhawulwe kwaye kunzima ukuqonda FFNR abantwana abanye intetho.

izizathu

hypoplasia Ngokwefonetiki-izandi zentetho - kuba enesiphene into iziphene okanye lufundiwe. Azalwa lunokwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

- ezinye izifo amafa;

- toxemia kakhulu kokukhulelwa;

- igazi ezahlukeneyo rezuz ngumba usana kunye nonina;

- ukuzalwa enzima, apho kukho ukwenzakala lweentsana;

- zizalwa;

- izifo kunye ntshikilelo ngokweemvakalelo kwi umfazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ezifuniweyo hypoplasia phonetic-izandi zentetho - onesiphene, oluthi luqokelelane phantsi kweempembelelo iimeko zentlalo, zasekhaya kunye nezinye zendalo, apho usana eyabakhulisayo. Izinto ezibangela lokungaphuhliswa intetho umntwana kungaba:

- ukwenzakala sase izixhobo kwezwi;

- ezingalunganga kwezentlalo, ngenxa yoko, iimeko zokuphila apho umntwana ahlala;

- ezimbini ekhaya;

- iimeko intetho zaneleyo (baby imini yonke kuye, phantse inxaxheba kuyo);

- iziphene ekwakhiweni తీసివేయి Susa;

- isimo psihotravmaticheskie;

- izifo ezinceda ekuva kunye nezibonwayo (wabonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantwana abanengxaki umbono kunye / okanye ukuva, apho FFNR).

iimpawu

Ngokwefonetiki-yezandi hypoplasia intetho - ayikho kuphela siphene ukuthetha umntwana. Le ukungaqheleki kungabonisa yanyhashwa yezempilo encinane yabantu, ezifana:

- intetho yahlula kunye / okanye inkalakahla;

- inkalakahla eliphezulu kakhulu (ekuthiwa Gothic);

- ukukhubazeka ukuluma;

- CNS nokuvuthwa delay (mazingabhidaniswa palsy);

- izifo amalungu kunye neenkqubo.

Abantwana FFNR ukuze iimpawu zokuziphatha kunye nonxibelelwano:

- yokungabikho kwengcaciso ukuhambisana (izixhobo intetho ayikwazi lokuyivelisa ngokuchanekileyo phoneme);

- kozinzo ingqalelo;

- nobunzima isenza i kwiklasi enye ukuya kwenye;

- nomqathango Ubungakanani benkumbulo;

- ubunzima ekuqondeni echaza izinto ezithile;

- ubunzima nangokuvakalisa phonemes bazahlule ukusuka amazwi ecetywayo;

- iimpazamo ngokusetyenziswa kwezimelabizo kunye nokuqulunqa lamagama kwimeko elungileyo.

Ngelo xesha abantwana sebebadala ngokwaneleyo isigama.

Ziziphi iintlobo FFNR

hypoplasia Ngokwefonetiki-izandi zentetho kwi kokuya esikolweni nokuba kwisikolo samabanga abantwana ukubonisa loo ukwaphulwa zvukoproiznosheniya:

- indawo esisigxina sound nzima kubo lula ngakumbi (hayi 'umfanekiso' yaye 'kaltina ", hayi" bug "yaye" CCT ");

- transposition lwezandi kumagama (hayi "kodwa", yaye "COP");

- lula kwamagama ngokususa avela iisilabhili zabo ngamnye (hayi "weewotshi" yaye "chaschik", hayi "aphakamise" yaye "Poma");

- "ukuginya 'umntu emagameni (hayi" ngexabiso "yaye" Aketi ", hayi" yathamba "yaye" uthuthu ");

- ukusetyenziswa kolondolozo ze phonemes (kwezinye iimeko umntwana uwabiza kakuhle, kwabanye - kunye iimpazamo);

- umxube izandi;

- replacement enye izandi ezininzi (umzekelo, isandi, "sh" kwaye 'c' yaye 'h "libizwa" t ").

- replacement samalunga kunye phonemes nzima (hayi "cap" yaye "syapka", hayi "indebe" yaye "Syasko").

Aba bantwana FFNR ngokungathi ogalelwe ioli ube mnye, amagama abo ungapheleli. Kamva zabona dysgraphia, oko kukuthi, musa ukubhala kwakunye zisiva.

ekuxilongweni

Ukuhlukunyezwa zvukoproiznosheniya abantwana ngaphandle unyango ube yingxaki kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ukuluphatha nzulu. Xa kukho isiphako onjalo umntwana kufuneka kuwisa uviwo ebanzi nge tyelelo likagqirha intetho therapist, ENT, zamehlo, luvo kunye wabantwana. Isigulana encinane ubekwa ikhadi ekhethekileyo intetho apho ugqirha uthi ulwazi malunga ngexesha lokukhulelwa, unina wakhe, iimpawu zokuzalwa kunye nophuhliso kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi.

ENT ukunika uluvo malunga nemeko yokuncedisa ukuva, amanqaku wamehlo nokuba kukho iingxaki kunye nombono, kunye wabantwana - ubukho okanye ukungabikho comorbidities.

Ukongeza, siye aphande imeko kunye nokushukumisa izixhobo wengcaciso yomguli kunye nokuphonononga imo imisebenzi bavakalisa izimvo zabo kunye zokuphefumla.

Intetho therapist oqhuba iimvavanyo ezibonakalisa uhlobo zokuphula zvukoproiznosheniya onomntwana (replacement lwezandi, ukudideka kwabo, ubugqwetha, njalo njalo).

unyango

Xa lokufunyaniswa "FFNR" abantwana sadikovskogo ubudala ababhaliswe kwiqela ekhethekileyo logopedichesuyu, esingethe owayendifundisa ukuthetha nabo. Ukulungiswa phonetic-yezandi nokungaphuhliseki yokuthetha lwenziwa amanyathelo amathathu:

1. Preparatory. Utitshala uqhuba iqela lemisebenzi ukumila guys pronunciation lwezandi yifumanisisi kakuhle kubo (izikhamiso consonants, nzima yaye athambileyo), inika imisebenzi ngendlela playful, abantwana baphuhlise imbono yabo izandi ezi zandi, uhlalutyo zabo.

2. kuphakanyiswa. Kweli nqanaba umntwana uyamenywa ukuba ukuthelekisa indlebe phonemes bafunda kakuhle afana. ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka inikwe izikhamiso le indlela echanileyo yokubiza loo ekwenzeni intetho iyonke ixhomekeke.

3. yokugqibela. Eli nqanaba yeyona inzima. Umntwana ofunda ingqiqo ka "isimbo", "isandi", "igama", izifundo, yintoni na izandi egqiba inani ilizwi, owenza uhlalutyo kuyondelelaniswe samalunga, ukufunda ukutshintsha amagama ngokususa izikhamiso okanye oonobumba (umzekelo, "Poppy" - "ivanishi", "inkomo" - "shaft").

izakhono Hand motor ebantwaneni kunye FFNR

Ngokuqinisekileyo ngokuthembekileyo kusungulwa ukuba iqondo ukuyilwa iintshukumo olucacileyo ezifihlakeleyo neminwe ichaphazela ngqo FFNR e unyango kwintetho. Kuthetha ukuthini? intetho Human sisiphumo yomsebenzi ezinxityelelanisiweyo ungamalungu amaninzi yobuchopho enika imiyalelo articular imizimba. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba xa abantwana izakhono motor omhle iminwe ohambelana ubudala, uphuhliso intetho kwakhona uyahlangabezana imigangatho. Ngoko ke, abantwana FFNR kwiiklasi kuyimfuneko, ukuphuhlisa izakhono motor:

- bedlala iminwe;

- imithambo kuba izandla neminwe;

- imithambo ezizodwa (ngokusonga iimilo kaMoses, nokuzidibanisa amaso, otyhidiweyo ngodongwe, imifanekiso).

asebenzisa kuhambisana

Injongo yezi seshoni ukomeleza izihlunu ukuhambisana lomntwana (ulwimi, imilebe, inkalakahla ethambileyo), uphuhliso ukuhamba lwabo noqeqesho lweentshukumo zabo ngokwahlukeneyo. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukwenza imithambo phambi kwesipili okanye ukusetyenziswa izinto ezizodwa (spatula zonyango amacephe eziqhelekileyo, neengono zithi, kunye nezinye). Umzekelo, isandi "sh" enokufundiswa ukuba bathi ngokusebenzisa ukuzilolonga ezinjalo:

1. "Kucingo olubiyele" (ukuzolula ukuze babe amazinyo ephezulu nesezantsi ezibonakalayo, uze emva koko ska emlonyeni wabo uncumo).

2. "Window" (vula umlomo yakhe kunokujala ngumsindo, kunye amazinyo aphezulu nolusezantsi).

3. "Spatula" (vula kancinane umlomo, alaqhenqetha-ukhozi elwimini ongezantsi umlebe athi "Fr Sa-Fr Sa-Fr Sa". Ulwimi Wide ukubambelela akhawunti 10).

4. "Cup" (ufuna ukuvula umlomo wakho ebanzi kancinane, phakamisa ulwimi, oko akuthethi ningayichukumisi ngamazinyo, uze uzame ukuba aphakamise imiphetho netiphu).

5. "Delicious jam" (ububanzi-vula umlomo, bakhothe imilebe yakhe, ushukumisa ulwimi ayikho i ekhohlo-ekunene kwaye phezulu-phantsi).

Ipredikshini kunye nokuthintela

Ukuba akukho ukutenxa kuphuhliso kwintetho yomntwana, kuyimfuneko ukuba kubamba iiseshoni rhoqo kunye nabo. Kwinyanga yokuqala yobomi, baza ephulule iminwe, kwincoko rhoqo kunye nomntwana. Kwixesha elizayo, wongezelela iindidi imidlalo, ubudala efanelekileyo, iincwadi njalo njalo ukufunda. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo lotyelelo rhoqo udokotela neengcali ukuze kuchongwe ezinxaxhileyo kunokwenzeka usaqala. Ukuba uqeqesho intetho umntwana aqalisa ngexesha, njengoko umthetho, neengxaki ziya kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo.