New Orleans imbali wejazz, esekisini. jazz umculo

1917 ehlabathini yaba kukutshintsha yaye wakwenza njani oko luphawu. Xa i-Emphaya Russian, yena yabalasela iziganeko olululo France Felix Félix d'Herelle Wavuleka bacteriophage, kwaye eNew York le jazz album yokuqala revolution iye ibhalwe ukurekhodwa studio ka uVictor. Yaba New Orleans wejazz, nangona beqonga abaziimvumi ezimhlophe, ukususela ebuntwaneni ndikuvile nangokuzinikela wayeyithanda "umculo black". Kungekudala plate yabo Original Dixieland Jazz Band ndozolulela zokutyela zindala kwaye iyabiza. Ngokufutshane, i-New Orleans wejazz, kukhululwa kwiiklasi asezantsi, waphumelela amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu yaye ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuba ingqalelo eliphucukileyo umculo. Noko ke, loo nto ithathwa njengokuba enjalo namhla.

Yintoni jazz?

Olu uhlobo lomculo lamiswa ngokusekelwe owuthandayo kumakhoboka abamnyama abantu ngenkani ukuya aseMelika ukukhonza zokutyala ezimhlophe. Ngoko ke, ukuba jazz ixesha elide yayigqalwa uhlanga oluphantsi. Nasemva kokuba iye yaphinda yathandwa eluntwini emhlophe American, eJamani yamaNazi, umzekelo, oko vala kuba njengento umqhubi Negro-yamaYuda ntsholo dissonant. Kwi-USSR, nako oko wavalwa ixesha elide, ekubeni "top" wayekholelwa ukuba umlweli indlela yamaphephandaba yobomi, ngokunjalo arhente-Umqhubi impiriyali.

iimpawu

jazz zemveli ngenkathalo ngokuba umculo mbuso, ngenxa yokuba lo style nguye "nentshatsheli" hlobo. Akukho uhlobo lomculo kungabonwa ngendlela ukuyilwa imiqobo emininzi kunye nemiqobo. bantsebenzo Jazz zaba bezabalazela ilungelo ubukho ngenxa endaweni yabo phantsi kwelanga. Okokuqala ngqa, babengakwazi ukuya imbonakalo phambi kokuba ababukeli, kodwa musa ukunika iindawo ezininzi zemidlalo. Nangona kunjalo, lo nguye, yaye eziluncedo mhlawumbi ngakumbi. Phakathi abalandeli le umculo ayikho abantu random. abalandeli bokwenyaniso wathabatha jazz njengendlela zokucinga kunye nobomi jikelele. Jazz - an improvisation, kuba inkululeko! , Baqonde Man kunye nembonakalo ezinqongopheleyo ukukhulelwa umgangatho wokuphila ayikwazi yintoni na New Orleans jazz. Ingakumbi ubuxoki yakhe yokuba iye ababukeli bayo ethile. Kuhlala abantu eqaqambileyo, okrelekrele zizityebi ngokomoya, abakwazisayo umgangatho kunye nentsingiselo nomculo.

Imbali jazz New Orleans

Olu uhlobo lomculo wazalwa kwisiphambuka kweyama-19 kunye 20, ngenxa ngokudibana Afrika kunye nomculo yaseYurophu. Amakhoboka zasiwa eMerika eAfrika, ababingeleli, abavangeli aguqulelwe kubuKristu, wabafundisa ukucula amaculo. Abo miksirovali nabo kunye iingoma zabo zonqulo "spirituals". Kule cocktail zomculo naye khona blues mibala ukuba kuxhaphakile zonke iindawo Yehlabathi Elitsha. Ukongeza kusitsho igubu kunye nezixhobo umoya ezazisetyenziswa kwaye ngcono ikhodiyani. Umculo ngokuthe iphumelele uvelwano kunye neemvumi ezimhlophe New Orleans, ibe ngenxa yoko kuyo yonke le nto, njengoko sele sibonile, ingxelo zikaJ yokuqala umculo style jazz kwenziwa ngowe-1917.

jazz Age

Eli xesha kwimbali womculo sithe sawongwa engama-20 kwinkulungwane yama-20. Nkqu ababhali eli thuba kwixesha ngoku ababhali kwi indlela "New Orleans jazz". Yaye F. ngakumbi oyinyaniso Skott Fittsdzherald. Noko ke, kule xesha, ikomkhulu wejazz ibingento New Orleans kunye Kansas City. Kukho uhlobo lomculo ziqatywe isantya engakholelekiyo, yaye oku kube negalelo zokutyela eliqela cafes, apho jazz umculo ebidlalwe ngokuhlwa. Kwenzeka ukuba abafundi bakhe baye baba nemigulukudu eziphambili kunye Mafiosi, olwaluthanda ku tirhisa ngazo zokudlela. Abaninzi kubo baqalisa ukuvela iqonga kunye emhadini okhestra kwi nginginya armada band, equka keyboardist, obetha, iimvumi umoya kunye vocalists. Bona ozinikiweyo ngenxa nxalenye kakhulu wadlala the blues, hayi nje kancinci, Classic, kodwa ukuzila. Ke abaninzi iimvumi bagqiba ukuzama luck abo baye bafudukela izixeko ezikhulu - Chicago naseNew York. Kwakukho iivenkile kunye nangaphezulu, kunye nabaphulaphuli kakhulu.

New Orleans Artists Jazz

Ndahlala Kansas boy emnyama egama uCharlie Parker. Xa kusihlwa, wabathanda ukuhamba iifestile zokudla nemivalo umthamo ndiphulaphule umculo bephuma kuzo. Emva koko umlozi iintsuku ekupheleni phantsi ngomoya wakhe, becula iingoma zabo abazithandayo. Kwiminyaka kamva, waba wenguquko umculo style jazz. Ngelo xesha, kunxweme olusempuma kwabakho iimvumi enkulu emnyama - trumpeter, keyboardist kunye vocalist. Igama lakhe Louis Armstrong. Yena waba besandi ilizwi engaqhelekanga, ngaphezu koko, yena wahamba. Uhlale zaboniswa phakathi eChicago naseNew York, wandikhangela ngokwakhe njengoko ezihlangwini ukuya trumpeter yimvumi enkulu ukusuka eKing Oliver New Orleans. Kungekudala, i "Big Apple" kwafika omnye sombuso wejazz uhlobo - jelly Roll Morton. Wayenobuchule wadlala ipiyano yaye vocals amazing. Kwi zonke iipowusta wababuza ukuba yabhalwa ukuba kuyinto umsunguli jazz. Abaninzi babecinga njalo. Okwangoku, iokhestra emangalisayo yasekwa eNew York, Fletcher Henderson. Emva kokuba oku kuye kwasekwa kunye namanye, lowo asikho ngaphantsi ethandwayo. Intloko yawo nomdlali oselula Duke Ellington. waqala ukubiza big band yakhe orkerstr.

30

Kule banesifo, New Orleans jazz anavuma abe umculo entsha - ujingi. Kwaye waqalisa ukwenza band enkulu, wema phakathi nayo yaba orchestra Duke Ellintona. Le lomculo zomculo eyakhiwa leemvumi virtuoso - ziinkosi ze improvisation. ekhonsathini nganye singafani elandelayo. Kukho zenziwa nzima amanqaku zomculo, ukujika, amabinzana ezinesingqi, uphindaphindo, njl Emculweni kukho post entsha - i arranger, owabhala le orchestration ukuba isitshixo kwimpumelelo band enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, lo Ugxininiso oluphambili nangoku kubekwa phezu improviser, nenokuthi abe ngumdlali ibhodi yezitshixo kunye saxophonist kunye trumpeter. Into kuphela kwafuneka ahlale linani ocacileyo "izikwere". Ukubunjwa okhestra Duke Ellington zaziquka iimvumi ezifana Babber Tyga, kuti Uilyams, Rex Stewart, Ben Webster, clarinetist Barney Bigard, kunye nabanye. Noko ke, "inkoliso ujingi ehlabathini," icandelo isingqisho yi nomdlali Basie obetha Dzho Dzhouns, bassist Walter Page kunye guitarist Freddie Green.

Lo mkhuba "Crystal Sound"

Towards ngunyaka wama-40 phakathi iifeni umculo indlela wejazz yaba ethandwayo Glenn Miller Orchestra. nangoko Iingcali wabona ezinye iimpawu ezahlula le band emikhulu evela kwabanye. imisebenzi yakhe akwazi ukuva ezinye "uboniso olunombala isandi", naye wayeziva ukuba orchestra aku- ilungiselelo ngempumelelo. Noko ke, umculo bengasaphili ukuziva isingqisho of New Orleans jazz. Kwakuyinto ekhethekile, kodwa kude kakhulu umculo Negro.

ukungabi namdla

Xa kuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II endaweni umculo kakhulu baqala ukwanda "razvlekalovka". Oku kwakuthetha ukuba ilixa ujingi alukapheli. iimvumi Jazz ziye kufika udandathekile, babevakalelwa kukuba bonke baphulukana izikhundla zabo umculo wabo soze abe nako ukuba impumelelo efanayo ukwaphulwa 30. Kodwa ke, kuba iifeni jazz ezazilapho th ekupheleni 20 nasekuqaleni-21 eminyaka th. Yinyani namhlanje, le ibizwa nakwabangapasanga ubunzima, kodwa umculo le-Elite ehlabathini jikelele.