Netheknoloji imisebenzi yi "udonga oluludaka"

Kwiindawo lwenqila mihla rhoqo kukho umkhwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakhulu- kwesithuba kunye nokwakhiwa ngetywina. Ezi iimeko ziyalela iinkampani zokwakha kwiimeko ezithile. Phezu, ngaphantsi uhlala iziza ezingenabantu, nto leyo enyanzelisa abaphuhlisi babhenele ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo phantsi komhlaba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukho ezinye izinto ukuba kwande ngakumbi ukwakha phantsi komhlaba. Ezi ziquka warehouses ezinkulu, kudederhu lweevenkile, kwakunye iigaraji. Kodwa ke ulwakhiwo phantsi komhlaba yinkqubo ngobulungisa ixesha elide, obonelela isixa esithile yamava kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwiinkampani zokwakha.

Isisombululo kwezi ngxaki zichazwe ngentla apha ukuze nzima kukuba umhlaba owahlukeneyo kakhulu, ukuba zingaba nemingxuma ubungakanani ezahlukeneyo, amanzi flow komhlaba. Maxa wambi xa uzihlola ummandla wophuhliso ujika ukuba ematyeni sibaphatha buthathaka. Kuyenzeka ukuba imigudu komhlaba zonke iintlobo iinkqubo zobunjineli, engabhalwanga alicanda. Kulo msebenzi kaninzi kuyimfuneko ukuba kuyityumza, njengoko iziseko zezakhiwo ezikufutshane ibekwe kufutshane kakhulu ukuya kwindawo yokwakha, neendonga zonke izakhiwo ezinemigangatho musa ukuvumela ukuba ngokupheleleyo iintolo milenge.

Umba ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo komhlaba

Kuxhomekeke ezichaza ulwakhiwo mhlaba ngengingqi zinzulu nendlela iya kuba kwi gumbi, ngaphantsi Construction kunokwenziwa enye ngeendlela ezininzi. Avamise kakhulu zithathwa "oluludaka udonga" indlela caisson kunye nendlela evulekileyo. Iteknoloji yokuqala zokwenene namhlanje kukuba eliqhelekileyo, yaye usaqhubeka ukuba ukuthandwa kuba kukunceda ukusombulula ingxaki nokuxinana ngaphandle ntoni iziseko zezakhiwo endhawini.

isimiso technology

udonga uvalo yakhiwa umgaqo ngokwanelisayo elula, obonelela yokulungiselela esemseleni wawakhotha kunye yokwemba. Ngaphezu koko, le nemingxuma exonxiweyo ezakhiwe ngazo walling, oku ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa eziphathekayo. ifakwe nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi, ezifana emgangathweni kunye nezinye izinto phantsi ukukhuselwa kweenkqubo ifunyenwe.

imihlobo indlela

Technology "udonga oluludaka" lungohlulwa lube sub-iintlobo ezininzi, ezifana: umsele kunye imfumba. Eyokuqala ukusetyenziswa ufakelo lwesamente kwaye luqiniswe amacandelo eziphathekayo, apho ezikhandelwa udonga olulodwa. indlela igoqo kubandakanya ukufakwa iintsika ndidikwe, ezo ezikufutshane eqinileyo. Amvumela ukuba ibe walling esiqinileyo. Enoba ubuchwepheshe okanye iye yasetyenziswa, oko athembisayo kuthelekiswa iindlela zokwakha izakhiwo komhlaba. Uyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo ezikhoyo nayiphi na injongo.

enkulu isicelo

ingasetyenziswa uvalo eludongeni xa kukho imfuneko yokwakha eliyasuyasu, amatonela, iigaraji komhlaba, izitora, iindinyana komhlaba, amatanki, zonke iintlobo lamatanki yokubolisa, ezidibanayo yendlela, kwakunye iziseko zezakhiwo ukwenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

Iindlela emanzi neyomileyo

Xa kuqwalaselwa ngamandla emhlabeni abakhi bayo ukufuma level uyakwazi ukukhetha ezimanzi okanye owomileyo indlela yokwakha. Le yokugqibela yi hayi kubiza kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba akukho mfuneko ukulungiselela eludakeni kuye. Noko ke, oko zingasetyenziswa kuphela xa kukho ithemba ngamandla umhlaba kunye nokungabikho nemisinga komhlaba. technology emanzi ke isisombululo efanelekileyo ukuze kwakhiwe izinto ezinkulu kwimihlaba ezingazinzanga kwizinyibilikisi. Ukuba yokwakha kunye iimeko ezichazwe, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko yokuqinisa iindonga esemseleni wawakhotha. Ekugqibeleni ivelisa izibonelelo eyomeleleyo nethembekileyo.

thixotropy

Xa azinze oluludaka udonga iteknoloji kunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo emanzi, apho ingqiqo enjalo kubalulekile nje thixotropy. Lo mhlaba sizalwa eludakeni, nto leyo eye ubuchule bokulungisa imilo yayo yoqobo ngaphandle uxinezeleko ngoomatshini. Nale ukumiswa esikhethwe kakuhle baya kufumana amandla kwisigaba sokwakha kunye thinning of neziphumo vibrational. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba inshorensi udonga deformation ye esemseleni wawakhotha. Eliphezulu kwizinga kunokwenzeka azalwa thixotropic clays bentonite.

Ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezi izisombululo, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo umgangatho amanzi angangeni. Emva lukhuni oluludaka phezu eludongeni iza kuchatshazelwa yi xi hydrostatic, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukuyilwa manzi ifilimu. balo babulingana nesandla ziyahluka ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya 5 mm, oko kwanele ukukhusela izakhiwo ngamanzi. iindonga claying igcina wokutsala amanzi zitsho sheet lokuqhuba. Le yenye iingenelo ezininzi ubuchwepheshe ezichazwe.

izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo

Xa uyila udonga emhlabeni, ubugcisa kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. It ikuvumela ukuba umbe umsele. Ukuze benze oku, isixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu njalo rhoqo. iziphumo ezifanayo uyakwazi ukubonakalisa kunye nendlela nokungazinzi koqoqosho. Ukuze kwakhiwe emingxunyeni izinto ezisetyenziswa yokuhambisa oomatshini, oko kukuthi, nemihlakulwana, epuluweni, isityalo yokugaya, ekuthiwa yidragline, rigs zokumba yaye rotary zibuphekhashini, impendulo yombuzo, kwakunye backhoes. izixhobo Listed kwakwanele ukuvelisa basibiyele uthango emhlabeni, nto leyo ibe nzulu yi kangange- 100 leemitha. Terms ndlela, kungaba eyahlukileyo. Indlela "udonga oluludaka" ibandakanya qho ububanzi umsele iya kulingana phakathi kwe-1 no-1.5 yeemitha. Kwezinye iimeko, uyilo, apho ububanzi kangangeemitha ezi-2.

Amatyala iindlela ezingafanelekanga

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, iteknoloji echazwe ineendlela ezininzi, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba anikezele imeko apho ukusetyenziswa indlela akunakwenzeka. Ukwakhiwa "udonga oluludaka" akwenziwa phambi imisinga enamandla ngaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nomhlaba evakalala, yaye xa nakwisiqingatha Niwonakalisile wamatye kule sayithi. Musa ukusebenzisa iteknoloji, xa kukho iziqithi sisinyithi, kwakunye ngamaqhekeza amakhulu eziphathekayo. Xa umhlaba mgodini kunye nemingxuma, kakhulu, kufuneka uqale umsebenzi ubuchwepheshe ezichazwe.

nekhethini grout

Buqhinga ukudala amalengalenga ingenwe kungathathwa nje lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Bona yenziwa usebenzisa ngodongwe enzima kwaye nzima, ngokunjalo inkqubela eziphathekayo. Ukuqeshwa kwamalengalenga kukukhusela ilens ngamanzi. Amaninzi, ezi zinto zisetyenziswa emadamini izixhobo yokwemba. Kwimeko yokugqibela, esi sigqubuthelo kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa ukungena kwamanzi kuloo ndawo ibinomthwebeba. Abasebenzi musa kujamelana nocelomngeni ukuthoba umgangatho wamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, nto leyo nkqubo kunokuba ixesha elide nelityayo ixesha. Ukuba komkhusane uthelekiso kunye neeyunithi step-phantsi, le yokugqibela okwexeshana lo gama umsebenzi luyaqhubeka. ngeke kube Structures phambi amalengalenga umoya ukuwoyika kwemali zinamandla aphantsi komhlaba.

iparameters zahvatki

Phambi kokuba siseko kuza kwakhelwa "udonga emhlabeni", kufuneka ukubala ubude zahvatki. kwezinye izinto, phakathi kwabo ziya kuphenjelelwa le parameter:

• nozinzo nomsele;
• iimpawu zoyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezibonelelo;
• uhlobo lobuchwepheshe, esetyenziswa uphuhliso esemseleni wawakhotha;
• izinga eliqikelelwayo concreting.

Technology umsebenzi

Ukwakhiwa eludongeni emhlabeni luqala kunokwembiwa wequla, emva kokuba imisele ezilungiselelwe abantu ngaxeshanye zizaliswe kunye nesisombululo. Inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba ufakelo khetshi unyanzeliso nogwali betonolitnoy. Xa ndiqukumbela buqhinga ziquka ukubana yodaka ngokuxhasa umxube eziphathekayo ngokusebenzisa kumbhobho nkqo displaceable. Imisele ukuba ziphuhliswe ukuze ubude bayo ngokupheleleyo okanye icandelo licandelo. iikhetshi nokuqiniswa zezona intliziyo kweentonga ngentsimbi incence. Le nkqubo ngenxa kufuneka iisentimitha ngaphantsi kwe-12, xa kuthelekiswa nobubanzi esemseleni wawakhotha. Ezi izinto desensitised ngamanzi phambi kokuba ufakelo kuba lunciphisa isixa yokulandela udaka kwaye kwandisa adhesion ku eziphathekayo.

concreting

Ukwakhiwa eludongeni emhlabeni kubandakanya concreting, oluqhutywa yi ithumbu eshukumayo. Le yokugqibela uba enedayamitha ukusukela milimitha 270 ukuya 300, ngoxa Ebubanzini bodonga 10 iimilimitha. intamo Ngenxa umthamo kombhobho esikhethwe kwaye zizixwenga kufuneka zenziwe nandawo.

limiters zahvatki

Icebo uvalo eludongeni lungaquka kukuqiniswa esemseleni wawakhotha iziimitha ezili-15 okanye ngaphantsi. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba asebenzise umbhobho kunye ububanzi of 50 eemilimitha ngaphantsi kobubanzi esemseleni wawakhotha. Emva kweeyure ezi-5 emva kokuba concreting izinto ekufuneka isusiwe lweHo- igcwaliswe ngomxube ifunyenwe. Ukuba ubunzulu esemseleni wawakhotha Wathi phezu parameter, kukho imfuneko eyeka. umsebenzi lwakhe lwenziwa yi noxwebhu yesinyithi, nto leyo luyomelezwa yi ebuhlanti nokuqinisa. Le web luyaphuculwa, oko nge welding, ku umqadi.

ukwanda kwemveliso

Xa indlela 'udonga oluludaka "lisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokwakha into enkulu kangangoko, kwaye ubude zahvatki kweemitha ngaphezulu kwe-3, kusenokuba yimfuneko ukondla umxube obubambekayo imiqulu emikhulu. Kulo mzekelo, ayajika ngemibhobho, kunye ngaphezulu isisombululo ufakelo ductility ukunyuka plasticizers olukhawulezayo elula. Le yokuqamba obuphalazelwe ukuze kumphezulu wayo esilala yonke isakhiwo-10 cm. Oku efunekayo ukuze akwazi ukuya ukususa kamva umaleko ezingcolisekileyo of ngekhonkrithi, kuba iya kuba inani elikhulu ngodongwe. Uphawu kuya kufuneka ukuba kuveliswa ngoncedo izixhobo ezizodwa, apho kudityaniswa kule ipipi betonolitnoy. Ukuba ixesha elide ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-20, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ezimbini vibrator.

Abo ngemibhobho eziya zibekwe kumda zahvatok njalo kufunxwa. Kubalulekile ukujonga ixesha gesi. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kwangoko kakhulu, imiphetho iqokobhe ukuze nokuba yonakele. Xa umbhobho lokutsala kakhulu emva kwexesha babe ziyaxinga phakathi eziphathekayo kunye nomhlaba. Ukuze ngaphandle iinkqubo ezinjalo lidla izakusetyenziswa endaweni umbhobho metal sheet, nge apho kunokwenzeka ukwenza umtsibeli eyomeleleyo non-asuswayo. Kufuneka ukuba welding ukuya ebuhlanti wezifundo. Ukuthintela deformation emlonyeni kothango lweenqwelo zokulwa kunye yokuphalaza kuxhobise isikhondo ngaphambili, nto leyo a imisele headroom.

Malunga xi lomhlaba

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni na uxinzelelo ihlabathi phezu kodonga kubunzulu z, ungasebenzisa le fomyula ilandelayo: PR = PS + PQ, apho PS --mhlaba yengcinezelo osecaleni kubunzulu amiselweyo ubunzima bayo lomhlaba, kuthathelwa ingqalelo umaleko zokwandlala, isenzo yamanzi, kwakunye ngempumelelo clutch; PQ --mhlaba yengcinezelo osecaleni malunga nobunzulu wathi imithwalo phezu komhlaba. Ukuba projekthi kwi shaft phambi abunjwe ngokukhethekileyo kwenkunkuma ngaphezu kumphezulu womhlaba, nexabiso elichazwa wayephethwe uphawu thabatha.