Mycelium - ntoni na? Yintoni na mycelium of fungi?

Mycelium - ntoni na? Makhe sijonge ngakumbi. Nayiphi mycelium iqulathe zixhobo eyayizalwa ezingcakacileyo adla amhlophe - hyphae. Kwezi, omnye ufumana ngokwayo umzimba fruiting. Ephezulu fungi mycelium yinto multicellular, xa ephantsi - acellular. Eneneni umzimba fruiting bangaba iintlobo kuphela shlyapochnye.

Indima amakhowa endalweni

Zonke iintlobo ubomi eziphilayo emhlabeni zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela ezintathu eziphambili: ubukumkani izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nezinye izinto. Le yokugqibela imelwe iintlobo ezininzi zezinto iimilo kunye neendidi. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, fungi liyenze indima abongikazi indalo abayinqobo kuye, uthathe inxaxheba okutsha zezilwanyana kunye nemisebenzi yabantu, kwakunye nokwandisa iintlobo mba efile organic. Abameli Shlyapochnye zobukumkani wesithathu yebhayoloji ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo ngabantu ngabantu nezilwanyana kukudla. Ethathwe ancedisana kweentlobo ezithile enqanda igalelo ukuphiliswa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

isakhiwo

Fruit iintlobo pileate umzimba umlenze eqhotyoshelwe mycelium. Xa izakhiwo omnye kokuba yokutyala imali enkulu. Mycelium (oko kukuthi, siza Ngeningalifumananga) ibandakanya imisonto ezingcakacileyo emhlophe, ezinako ukuba luthathe indawo enkulu somhlaba. fungi zezityalo Ngokungafani musa okwentyatyambo musa ukunika iziqhamo okanye imbewu. Bona zikholisa ukwanda nge imbewu eziveliswe ngexesha Ukubuna komzimba fruiting. Xa iimeko zivuma, kula "isibi uthuli" kunika mycelium elitsha, uze ephinda komjikelo.

uhlobo

Abameli yezikumkani yebhayoloji bohlulwa babe ngamaqela ezintathu eziphambili:

• Amanita. Eli qela ixhaphakileyo zidliwa abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Kukho kwakhona imihlobo enetyhefu. Zonke amakhowa shlyapochnye zihlelwa tubular kunye nembasa.
• Zomngundo. Yahlulwe penetsilly kunye Mucor. Kakhulu isakhiwo umdla mycelium ntlobo zakutshanje. Yena umele eyodwa enkulu, branched kakhulu kunye nobuninzi nuclei cell. IPenicillium mycelium sakhiwa ezininzi iiseli ezahlulwe sisithuba zokwahlula.
• Nagwele. Endaweni mycelium le ntlobo neefomu ngamathanga. Umzimba ka amagwele iquka iseli enye.

Iindlela lokondla yokuzala

iintlobo Shlyapochnye ukukhula kakhulu emhlabeni. Mycelium (ntoni na, ngoku uyazi) ngaphezu kumphezulu wayo yonke asitsala amanzi iqhawulwa izondlo emhlabeni. Ezinye iintlobo kwakhona yosulele komboko zemithi okanye iingcambu zabo. Kulo mzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhula kunye nophuhliso kwezinto faka mycelia nomzimba fruiting izicwili zabo. fungi Lower badla parasitize izityalo kunye nezilwanyana okanye nabantu.

Phindaphinda ezi abameli zobukumkani eziphilayo abakwazi iimbambano kuphela. Ngokufanelekileyo ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwakhona isebe amaqhekeza mycelium. Ngoko ngokusasaza mycelium IPenicillium, iintlobo pileate njalo njalo. D. Xa siphanda yinxalenye encinane zizala uze uyisuse uyise kwenye indawo, sinamandla kakhulu kwaye ziya zikhula ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweemeko zivuma. Zinegwele, mycelium ngaphandle, bavelise yi lolu. Ezinye iintlobo ze amakhowa ayakwazi ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa ulwazi iiseli inkunzi nemazi ukwenza elilodwa.

indoda Species omdala

Kakade ke, ummeli ezinoncedo ezifana zobukumkani yebhayoloji rhoqo kakhulu sajika ngokuzenzela. Ikakhulu ikhule iintlobo umntu shlyapochnye of umngundo kunye IPenicillium. Kwimeko yokuqala, ixabiso esisiseko yi umzimba fruiting, unako ukulungiselela izitya emnandi kuzo. Ezi ntlobo zixhaphakileyo bazibonise ngumntu, ngaba mushroom Oyster kunye champignon. Ngamanye amaxesha uqhawulo-mtshato kunye nezinye amakhowa shlyapochnye.

Le mycelium le ngundo sodidi IPenicillium (umngundo) lwahluma ngokuyintloko ukuvelisa enzyme leyo enziwa subsequently antibiotics. Sebenzisa penicillin ngokuba unyango lwezifo ezifana peritonitis, endocarditis, Isifo yiMelita, gonokkoki njl Vula le into ngo-1928 Aleksandrom Flemingom.

amakhowa Oyster kukhula ngokwabo: ukulungiswa ko impahla

Olu hlobo lwe mushroom kwi ukufuya kakhulu nabalulamileyo. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela akhule kuyo, yaye siza kuthetha ngakumbi. Ukuze ufumane Amakhowa elungileyo isivuno Oyster kwisayithi zabo lakubo, kufuneka ukulungiselela oku kulandelayo:

• Eneneni lo mycelium. "Yintoni na?" - kuwe ngoku lo mbuzo. Mycelium zingathengwa kwimibutho ababandakanyekayo namantshontsho nokuthengisa.
• zikhondo abaliqela 35 - 55 cm ubude-20 cm ubukhulu. Swi nga ha endleka izinto imithi coniferous. Isibakala sokuba intlaka equlethwe iplanga enjalo, xa mycelium iyingozi. Kulungile ukuba hemp ukuba imithi yeziqhamo - pere, apile, njl
• Wamatye lomhlaba nezijungqe umgquba.
• Polyethylene film.

Kananjalo kuya kufuneka izembe kunye hacksaw.

ixesha disembarkation

Watyala Oyster ngokuqhelekileyo ngoMeyi. Kulo mzekelo, isityalo engundoqo ziya kufumaneka ngo-Agasti okanye ngoSeptemba. Kunyaka olandelayo baya kuqalisa ukukhula ikhowa kwi kwizikhondo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kuqokelelwa ehlotyeni nasekwindla. Noko ke, kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala, "iibhedi" kusenokwenzeka kufuneka zisuswe kwaye kwakhona Ukusungula-.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko

Hemp phantsi Oyster zimke kancinane ngokuthi, kodwa hayi obolileyo. Beka kuzo kwiindawo ezimdaka kunye nokufuma eliphezulu. Uyakwazi esuka phantsi kwemithi, ukuba ikhona, equleni, njl

Pre phezu bonke ubuso phezu ezibolayo, uze wenze nzulu cuts umnqamlezo elifutshane. Kamva, baya kusebenza uhlobo "umandlalo" ngenxa mycelium. ezibolayo Okulandelayo wemba emhlabeni ukuze ahlale kwi phezulu 15-30 cm.

cuts ke wenza kufanelekile isiqingatha ufumene mycelium. Ngomhla omnye isiphunzi wakhe esiwa malunga 300 grams. Ngaphezu koko, lujikelezile kuzo "iibhedi" imisele ezincinane emhlabeni. Bahambisa i Oyster mycelium (mushroom liya kukhula apha) baze emhlabeni ofumileyo ugalelwe wamatye. Yena ulele yaye zonke hemp luphela. Ngelo Inqanaba lokugqibela le-inshorensi polyethylene ifilim amalungiselelo "teplichku" encinane kangaka.

Kule imeko kwizikhondo wemka iiveki ezintathu. Kwathi kamsinya nje baya kuba Oyster yokuqala, umboniso asuswe. Ukunkcenkceshela kaSmith umthi kanye ngeveki.

Indlela ukukhula awafanele?

Yiloo nto ke mycelium ezi zilwanyana, uyazi - njengabo bonke abanye - Isakhiwo textile mnogokletochuyu. Ngokuba inani elikhulu lwemizimba fruiting kufuneka aqinisekise iimeko zakhe uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo. Ukuxuba amakhowa zewayini kunye angaphantsi kubushushu hayi ngaphezulu kwe 15-16 c. Kwelo gumbi apho ukulima amakhowa ecwangcisiweyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inkqubo umoya ngempumelelo kufuneka yenzelwe. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwelanga.

ongakhula amakhowa kunye ekunene kwi sayithi xa ufuna. Kulo mzekelo, neebhedi yahlulahlulwe kwicala elingentla lendlu okanye phantsi kwemithi. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka zinikwe umoya olungileyo. Ngenxa ezizalayo kulo mzekelo, ukuthatha kummango mycelium mushroom. Xa ikhule ngaphandle kubalulekile ukuphepha esiwa emhlabeni ne mycelium kwezulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umandlalo wambu umboniso.

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni na mycelium kwe sodidi ngundo IPenicillium, Mucor kunye pileate. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuze abe isakhiwo eyahlukileyo - non-iselula okanye multicellular. Mycelium likhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye ukuba ufuna kwisiza, ungafumana isivuno esikhulu makhowa efanayo okanye Oyster.