Matisse kaMnu. ngomzobi French Henri Matisse

I edumileyo ngomzobi French Matisse waphila ubomi obude, kuba leyo wadala Imizobo emininzi, imisebenzi graphic, imifanekiso kunye kungazotywa imifanekiso yodongwe, kuquka indlela decoupage. umsebenzi yakhe nok bomhla wakhe ehlabathini lonke, nangona kaninzi iindlela zakhe ezintsha yaba unobangela mpikiswano shushu ngako.

ulutsha

Henri Matisse wazalwa kumantla eFransi ngowe-1869 usapho ochumileyo okuziinkozo yomthengisi. Ukuthanda art ukuba ilifa ngunina, ngubani awayezithanda zomdongwe art womzobo. Nakuba, ngokwesithethe, oko Henri (unyana omkhulu) Uya kuba yintloko ishishini losapho, ekupheleni i Lyceum Anri marten e Saint-Quentin, waya elikomkhulu ukufunda umthetho kwizikolo edume nomthetho. Ngowe-1888, Matisse waza wafumana iziqu zakhe mthetho, wabuyela kwelakowabo waza waqalisa ukusebenza njenge unobhala ummeli wendawo.

Amanyathelo okuqala kwimizobo

Mhlawumbi, Matisse wafuna umsebenzi olungileyo emthethweni, ukuba akunjalo. Inyaniso yokuba ngo-1889 umfana walaliswa esibhedlele ngokuhlaselwa nokoyika appendicitis kwaye kwafuneka ukuba achithe ixesha elide kwiinyanga ezimbini zexesha postoperative. Ukonwabisa, unyana wakhe, Mam Matisse wambekela watercolors, waza waqalisa ukuba kudlule ixesha ngokukhuphela makhadi umbala. Lo msebenzi babethabatheke gqitha lo mfana, ukuba emva kokushiya esibhedlele yena, waxelela abazali bakhe malunga nokuzimisela kwakhe ukuba ube umculi. Ngaphandle kokuphikisa uyise, uHenry ababhalise esikolweni umzobo e Tours, apho draftsmen abaqeqeshelwe ukusebenza kushishino lwamalaphu kweli. Noko ke, waqhubeka ugcina umthetho.

Ukufundisisa e Paris

Ngowe-1892, Matisse ugqiba ukuba azinikele titoloveta. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, waphinda waya eParis waza wangena Julian Academy, apho wayefunda yokuqala A. Bouguereau, uze emva koko - kwi-School of Arts Fine kwi G. Moreau. Last ukuqikelela ikamva eliqaqambileyo kwaye enye igcisa yokuqala oselula uthi ezintsha, kubonakala idibanise ngenkalipho imibala eyahlukileyo. Ngeli xesha, igcisa Matisse usoloko echitha iintsuku bakhe Louvre, bekhuphela yobuciko ezindala kunye namagcisa babizwe ngenkulungwane ye-19, nto leyo, ngenxa wokwamkelwa kwakhe, eyenziwe ekwaluphaleni kwakhe, waba luncedo kakhulu kumsebenzi elizayo inkosi.

period impressionist

Ukususela 1896 Imizobo Matisse Buqalise kuboniswe kule zokuzilungisa edume Paris, kwaye unenxaxheba notoriety ethile phakathi abathandi zobugcisa izindawo. Ngeli xesha, igcisa ingcole kuchatshazelwa Impressionists kunye nabalandeli babo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokufuthi, sithetha imisebenzi post-impressionist, iingcali Ndibala njengomzekelo, kwaye eminye imisebenzi wenza Matisse: ". Tableware kunye neziqhamo" nangoku lifes "Bottle Schiedam", "Iziqhamo nekofu", "dessert",

Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, igcisa uqalisa kwakhona ukujongana Umfanekiso kwaye basebenze ubuchule divisionism, ezisebenzisa eyahlukileyo ngongoma-omzimba. Ngowe-1905, i ngokuvunyiweyo, inkulu imizobo brushwork of Matisse "obutofotofo, Zola voluptuousness" apho uhlanganisa indlela modernist kunye iimpawu zokuhombisa pointillism.

Fauvism

Xa kuqwalaselwa umsebenzi Matisse, singasathethi ulwalathiso olutsha womzobo, leyo ongukhokho umculi. It is a umbuzo Fauvism. Malunga njengoko into umdla kakhulu wathetha emva Salon d'Automne ngo-1905. Ukuze lo mboniso, Matisse wabhala imisebenzi emininzi, kuquka i ukupeyinta odumileyo "Umfazi xa umnqwazi eluhlaza". Ukongeza, ngexesha elishumi yokuqala opeyintayo kwinkulungwane yama-20 yaba umdla sculpture Afrika, zokuhombisa zobugcisa woodcuts Arabhu kwaye Japanese, yaye kungekudala imizobo yakhe baqala ukungena iintshukumisa ngokobuzwe. Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele ubugcisa ingqalelo iimveliso zeli xesha, njengenxalenye Fauve.

"Matisse Academy"

Ngowe-1908 e-Paris, igcisa waseka kwisikolo sabucala yokudweba. Ibizwa ngokuba "Matisse Academy", yaye akubon 'ukuba uyabafundisa apho, nalo ixesha ukugqiba kubafundi abali-100 ukusuka eFransi kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Yokufunda simahla, njengoko umzobi ebezingasukeli iinjongo zorhwebo yaye ndinqwenela kuphela ukuba adlulisele umbono wakhe ezobugcisa abaselula.

Kunye nemfundiso Matisse zaveza. Ngoko ke, wadala ezintathu panels zokuhombisa ukuba Moscow ikhaya sokuqokelela odumileyo Russian S. I. Schukina. Ngokukodwa, umsebenzi wakhe 'Dance, "nto leyo ibonakala namhlanje Hermitage, yenye yezona ncwadi idumileyo ngomzobi.

Creativity interwar

Ngowe-1920, igcisa kudala iikhosityum kwanobuhle ngenxa ballet "I Nightingale" yi Igor Stravinsky kwaye abhale mjikelo "Odalisque" bexelisa Renoir. Matisse mizobo yale xesha, ingakumbi "Kompotnitsa kunye neentyatyambo" wamngenisa kuye udumo phakathi bathanda imizobo yaseMelika. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, igcisa wathumela eTahiti, uze kudala nemifanekiso emadongeni ebonisa amanani esina warn kuba Barnes Foundation e Philadelphia. Xa usebenza nomzobo lo umsebenzi omkhulu udla usebenzisa ubuchule decoupage. Wandula ke wadibana Ndithelekelele yakhe iphambili - Lidiey Delektorskoy, walala kuzo unobangela mtshato kunye Mam Matisse. Eni ye emigrant abatsha Russian, apho igcisa ivakalise zonke lokuphathana kokuva kwakhe kamva, namhlanje ayivathise iimyuziyam kakhulu ehlabathini, ungabona kubo eRashiya.

Ubomi ngexesha umsebenzi

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaba ntlungu for Matisse. Njengoko isiphelo ubuya ihlala zonke yedwa Nice, kude nabantwana, kwaye intuthuzelo kuphela bakhe uLidiya Delektorskaya. Ngethamsanqa, yaseFransi emanyene wenkululeko ukhulula ekufeni intombi ex-umfazi umzobi, lowo ovalelweyo, likhutshwa amaGestapo kwimisebenzi anti-zwilakhe.

"Chapel of the ngerosari"

Ngowe-1948-1953 gg. umculi busebenza kuyilo embindini Chapel Vence Roser. Namhlanje ke yaziwa ngokuba "Chapel of the ngerosari." Kulo msebenzi yokugqibela inkosi kuhlelwe konke okusemandleni umsebenzi wakhe kwiminyaka edlulileyo.

Iindonga ecaweni zigqunywe iithayile ezimenyezelayo emhlophe, oluveza iSt Dominic njenge nani ngaphandle ubuso ukuphakama 4.5 m, kwaye Virgin oyiNgcwele kunye Child Yesu. Kananjalo kufuneka wenziwe ipeyinti yedwa abamnyama ukubona imeko Umgwebo Wokugqibela, kwaye kwigumbi ebekwa umfanekiso wezulu, lundanda apho umnqamlezo, noxhamla ubuncwane.

Iimpawu art

Matisse series ngokuqhelekileyo ebhaliweyo njengomzobi, abalwela ukuphelela, ukudala iinguqulelo ezininzi umsebenzi ofanayo. Imixholo ephambili komsebenzi dancing basemaphandleni, izixhobo zomculo, zitsha ezintle kunye neziqhamo eliphambili, neempahla ezingaqhelekanga, iikhaphethi kunye ezimibalabala, kwaye izimvo ezivela iifestile.

Ukuba badlulisele uyolo imibala kunye nobuhle iintlobo zangaphandle - yiloo njongo ephambili landela Matisse. Imifanekiso kunye namagama ukuba sele uyazi, namhlanje nezidanga lweengqokelela zabucala kunye neemyuziyam ehlabathini lonke, kwakunye amaxabiso irekhodi embetha yomfuyi.

Imisebenzi sile kwiimyuziyam kwilizwe lethu

Ingaba unomdla msebenzi, apho wabhala Matisse? Ukupeyinta (amagama, vele) kunokubonwa eRashiya. Ngokukodwa, imizobo eziliqela umzobi, ezifana "Blue Pot neLamuni", "Ware phezu kwetafile", "View of Collioure" et al., Oluboniswe kwi Hermitage. Ukongeza, i-Museum kubo. Pushkin waqhubeka imisebenzi ezifana "Iintlanzi Red" yaye "umphanda Blue."