Mafu yemihlaba. Cat kaThixo Eye Nebula

Nebula isithuba - enye ngemimangaliso iphela, ngobambana ebuhleni bayo. Axabisekile kuphela zibukeke. mafu isifundo kunceda izazinzulu ukucacisa ukusebenza kwemithetho yonke kunye nezibonelelo zayo, ukunyenyisa ingcamango uphuhliso wendalo kunye umjikelo wobomi leenkwenkwezi. Namhlanje, malunga ezi zinto, siyazi lukhulu, kodwa aninjalo nonke.

Umxube gas nothuli

Ixesha elide, de phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, zazijongwa nebula ezisebenzisanayo inkwenkwezi, kude kuthi ezikude kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa spectroscope ngo-1860 zanceda abaninzi kubo zenziwe irhasi kunye nothuli. ngeenkwenkwezi IsiNgesi William Heggins wafumanisa ukuba ukukhanya nebula yohlukile kwimitha evela iinkwenkwezi eziqhelekileyo. Le spectrum iqulathe imigca ezinemibala eqaqambileyo yokuqala, Zinokuxutywa mnyama, ukanti kwimeko yesibini imivumbo emnyama akukho ulandelwe.

izifundo Eminye yasekwa ukuba iMilky Way nebula leminyele kunye nezinye ikakhulu sakhiwa umxube igesi eshushu kunye nothuli. Adibana rhoqo nengqele efanayo ngokwakha. Ezi namafu oluphakathi kwakhona ilungu mafu.

ngezigaba

Kuxhomekeka iimpawu eziqalelo ekulelona nebula iindidi eziliqela. Bonke ke ubukhulu becala zifumaneka nobukhulu isithuba, kwaye umdla ngokulinganayo ukuba izazi. Fu, likhipha ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, ukukhanya wafumana umnxeba okanye ukukhanya kwentamo. Awathintelayo ezingundoqo parameters, Kakade ke, obizwa ngokuba mnyama. mafu ehlasela kweentlobo ezintathu:

• Boneka;

• ubulungisa;

• intsalela eqhumayo.

Isidoda, ke, yahlulwe kwimimandla kweenkwenkwezi amatsha (H II) kunye planetaries. Zonke ezi ntlobo luphawulwa ngeempawu ezithile ezenza ezizodwa, lifanelwe yokufunda ngenyameko.

Ummandla zenkwenkwezi Ukwakheka

Zonke isidoda fu - ilifu yimbonakalo yegolide zerhasi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Eyona nto okumisele kubo, - hydrogen. Phantsi yintshukumo inkwenkwezi, sime embindini nebula, ukuba insimbi kwaye engozini athom nzima izakhi ngamafu. Isiphumo sezi nkqubo iya isiba amadangatye kuphawu ube bomvu.

Eagle Nebula okanye M16 - ummeli enkulu olu hlobo lwento. Nantsi inkwenkwezi uyila mmandla, omninzi leenkwenkwezi abaselula, omkhulu kunye nobushushu. Eagle Nebula - indawo apho ikhoyo isikhululo indawo ezaziwayo-kakuhle, Iintsika of Creation. Ezi amahlwili gas akha phantsi kwempembelelo yomoya obalaseleyo na indawo star. Ngokwakha ukukhanya apha ebangela ucinezelo igesi kunye nothuli iikholam yi womxhuzulane.

kutshanje oososayensi baye bafunda ukuba bonwabele Pillars of Creation, thina singakwazi namawaka kuphela iminyaka. Emva koko nyamalala. Enyanisweni, ukutshatyalaliswa Pillars eyenzeka malunga 6,000 eminyaka eyadlulayo ngenxa dubulo supernova. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhanya kulo mmandla isithuba uza kuthi malunga neminyaka eliwaka esixhenxe, ngoko ngeenkwenkwezi zibalwa isiganeko kuthi - kuphela kwixesha elizayo.

mafu zomhlaba

Igama lohlobo ilandelayo amafu uthuli olumenyezelayo yaziswa uWilliam iHerschel. Sokonakaliswa Nebula - isigaba yokugqibela yomphefumlo inkwenkwezi. isikhanyiso iqokobhe Resettable ibe oluthile. Fu kufana idiski, ngokuqhelekileyo ezijikeleze iplanethi xa ujonga iteleskopu omncinane. Namhlanje siyazi ngaphezu kwewaka izinto ezinjalo.

Sokonakaliswa Nebula - inxalenye yenkqubo yotshintsho bakaRafa ebomvu ukuba iinkwenkwezi, nenomlanga emhlophe. Xa iziko kuba inkwenkwezi ukuyilwa eshushu, xa uludwe iyafana izikhanyiso kweklasi O. kwithempritsha yayo ifikelela 125 000 K. yemihlaba mafu jikelele ziziinkalo omncinane - 0.05 parsecs. Inkoliso yabo ibekwe embindini kumnyele wethu.

gasbag Mass wawisa star amancinci. It is a nezahlulo embalwa Ilanga yi parameter efanayo. Lo mxube igesi kunye nothuli isusiwe ukusuka embindini nebula ngeqondo ukuya ku-20 km / s. Iqokobhe sele kulithuba amawaka-35 eminyaka, ize ke emva koko ibe a rarefied kakhulu yinto enzima.

iimpawu

fu yemihlaba inokuba iimilo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusisiseko, ngendlela enye okanye enye, ukuba sisondele kakhulu ibhola. Ukwahlula fu ngeenxa zonke, abusazinge, efana dumbbell, emise okudodobalisa. Le spectra bezinto indawo ezinjalo iquka imigca ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezikhanyayo kwaye inkwenkwezi central kwakunye ngamanye amaxesha spectrum umgca kukufakwa zokukhanyisa.

fu yemihlaba ikhala izixa kakhulu amandla. It iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo isalathisi efanayo kuba inkwenkwezi engundoqo. Ukwakheka elakha ngenxa kwithempritsha yayo ephezulu okhupha yelanga eyingozi. Bona ionize le atom igesi. Amasuntswana ebushushwini, endaweni yiultraviolet beqala bukhazimle ebonakalayo. imigca zabo spectrum kunye amadlozi iquka eziphawula ukuyilwa ngokubanzi.

Cat kaThixo Eye Nebula

Nature - Expert ekudaleni iintlobo engalindelekanga nobumnandi. Ngokuphathelene noku, i nebula langa, ngenxa yokufana ogama Cat kaThixo Eye (NGC 6543). Kwafunyaniswa ngo 1786 kwaye waba ngowokuqala ukuba izazinzulu ziye zachongwa ilifu igesi olumenyezelayo. iliso cat fu xa ibekwe lekroza draco kwaye anazo isakhiwo entsonkothileyo umdla kakhulu.

Kuye kwasekwa malunga neminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo. Emva koko laphalazwayo inkwenkwezi engundoqo imigca yabo emvulophini zize igesi concentric nothuli mava into umzobo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uhlala kude kube sekupheleni abayiqondi indlela ye ilelona li- buchaza kakuhle isakhiwo usembindini fu. Ukuvela ipateni enjalo kuchazwe kakuhle indawo kwi intliziyo nebula ngayo inkwenkwezi yokubini. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli iinkcukacha, ubungqina obuxhasa le miba, akukho.

halo NGC 6543 ubushushu imalunga 15,000 K. Undoqo nebula seliphantse ukugqitha kwi 80.000 K. Le nkwenkwezi engundlunkulu amawaka aliqela amaxesha licace ngaphezu kwelanga.

yesiqalo enkulukazi

"Imiphumela Special" iinkwenkwezi Kuku badla ukugqiba umjikelo wobomi babo ezikhwankqisayo. eziqhumayo Huge kwi kukhokelela amandla ngokulahleka yesikhanyiso zonke kweqokobhe engaphandle. Bona zisuswe embindini ngeqondo elingaphaya kwe-10 000 km / s. Ingozi yokuba ihamba mbandela static ebangela ukwanda ngamandla kobushushu esisi. Ngenxa yoko, amasuntswana aqale evutha. iintsalela eqhumayo badla ukubunjwa ungqukuva ebonakala isengqiqweni, kwaye mafu iimilo ezahlukeneyo. Kwenzeka ntoni na; kuba izinto betekisi ngesantya esiphezulu iintlobo engalinganiyo lutyhido namacandelo.

zeminyaka amawaka Okulandelayo eyadlulayo

Mhlawumbi edumileyo supernova intsalela - i Crab Nebula. Inkwenkwezi avelise yalephuza phantse iwaka leminyaka eyadlulayo, ngo-1054. Umhla ngqo kwenzeka ewamisela yeembali Chinese, apho ichazwa kakuhle flash esibhakabhakeni.

Crab indlela uphawu yerhasi betekisi supernova kwaye sukuxuba ngokupheleleyo umcimbi oluphakathi. Le into ibekwe kumgama ukukhanya-seminyaka 3300 kude kuthi xhaxhe gqolo ngesantya-120 km / s.

Xa iziko le Crab Nebula supernova nikunyhashe iquka - inkwenkwezi neutron, leyo ikhuphe electron kwemali ukuba izala radiation rhoqo ngamaza.

mafu reflection

Olunye uhlobo izinto isithuba ngumxube kwegesi ukubanda uthuli engakwazi ayikhuphi ngokuzimeleyo ukukhanya. fu ukuvutha Boneka ngenxa kufutshane izinto. Kusenokuba kuba inkwenkwezi okanye imfundo ehlasela efanayo. LwaseNtshona Koloni ziba ukukhanya esichitha-chithwe iyafana naleyo umthombo wayo; kodwa ukukhanya blue ngayo ibe kwi-mkhanyo.

umdla kakhulu olu hlobo nebula ezinxulumene kwenkwenkwezi Merope. Ukukhanya ukusuka nesiLimela ukuba million eminyaka edlulileyo, kutshabalalisa iimpukane ngenxa yelifu eziphilayo. Ngenxa kwenkwenkwezi zilungiselelwe amasuntswana nebula ngendlela ethile kwaye zithathwa kuwo. Emva kwexesha elithile (umhla ngqo ayaziwa) Merope unako ukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo efini.

horse emnyama

Iziseko kwentamo ngokufuthi, ngokungafaniyo ukufunxeka fu. Galaxy i Milky Way has a lot of kubo. Oku fu kakhulu eluthulini kunye negesi ukufunxa ukukhanya ilahlwe emva kwabo amadlozi kunye reflection amafu, kunye neenkwenkwezi. Ezi abandayo ukubunjwa isithuba ikakhulu ziquka athom hydrogen, nangona kumkhawulela nezinto nzima.

ummeli elimangalisayo le hlobo - Horsehead Nebula. Le ise lekroza zamaKroza. Imilo uphawu le nebula, efana kakhulu entloko zehashe, lenzeka impembelelo yomoya obalaseleyo nemitha. Le nto ibonakala ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokuba imvelaphi yakhe eliqaqambileyo mhlobo Ukwakheka. Kulo mzekelo, Horsehead Nebula - kuphela inxalenye encinane i amafu eyandisiweyo abaninzi uthuli kunye negesi, phantse ezingabonakaliyo.

Ngenxa kweteleskopu nebula Hubble, kuquka iplanethi yethu eqhelekileyo namhlanje kuluhlu olubanzi lwabantu. Imifanekiso lezikhululo indawo, apho afumaneka khona, ezihamba ukuya core yaye musa ukundishiya nabani akanankathalo.