"Legend of Kozhemyak" njengomsebenzi weencwadi zakudala zaseRashiya

Phantse kwiminyaka eyinkulungwane edlulileyo yaqala ukubonakala yimibhalo yesandla yokuqala yaseRashiya, ababhali bezona zikhululi-iincinci zabantu abafundela. Omnye wabo, I-Tale ye-Bygone Years, iqulethe inkcazo yembali yamaSlav, isimo sengqondo sombhali kwizinto ezenzekayo.

Ukucamngca kweziganeko zobomi

U-Nikita Kozhemyaka - umkhandi osemtsha, okhankanywe kwi "Tale of Bygone Years", wamgxotha ekujonganeni kwakhe kunye notshaba-pechenegom. "Igosa likaKozhemyak" ibali malunga neNyoka, eyayihlala isithatha intombazana enhle imdla kuyo. Kwakuyithuba lokunika intombi yeNyoka kwiNyoka. "IThe Legend of Kozhemyak" ibonisa iziganeko ezenzekayo ngaloo mihla ebomini beSlavs kunye neChazars eneentaba. Into eqhelekileyo yinto yokubanjwa kwamaSlav yiKhayars kunye nokubuyiselwa kwakhona kwabo ebukhosini.

Inyoka ingumphangi kunye nomhlaseli, efanekisela iKhazar. Kwanokugqibela, "iTale kaNikita Kozhemyak" ukhumbula ubudlelwane bokwenene nala bantu. Ukwahlukana komhlaba kunye namanzi ngokulinganayo phakathi kweKozhemyaka neNyoka kubonisa inkonzo yeteksi yeKhaars echwebeni lweLwandle lweCaspian. Isingqungquthela eso sibhali sasibeka isoyiko kwiSlav ezizweni zamaKhazar. Ekubeni iimfazwe ezide zeSlav kunye neKhazars zaphela ekunqobeni kweyokuqala, kufuneka kucatshangelwe ukuba "iThe Legend of Kozhemyak" ibonisa ngokugqithiseleyo isiphelo sobudlelwane, oko kukuthi, ukunqoba kwe X - yokuqala yeXI.

Bogatyri

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaqhawe adalulwe ngethuba lokuqala ukususela kwixesha apho uPrince Vladimir eqala ukukhanga abantu abasenyakatho ngokukhusela imida yaseSlavic. Babala malunga namawaka amabini anesithathu. Enyanisweni, ubuqaqawuli bamandla obuqhawe nobuqili baba yinto emva kamva, ngelixesha lejoka laseTatar-Mongol; Emva koko igama elithi "iqhawe" ("oothixo") lafika kwisiRashiya.

Ukulwa nePechenegs

Iminyaka Yonyaka Ye-Bygone " yayigcina iimbali ezimbini: insizwa eyayibethe i-Pecheneg iqine, kunye neJelgorod jelly. Eyokuqala ("IThe Legend of Kozhemyak") sithetha malunga nendlela ejongene ngayo noRusich kunye nePechenegs indima ebalulekileyo yadlala ngumdlalo phakathi kwamaqhawe amabili. Ezi ziganeko ze-992. Ukuphela kokuba uphelile imfazwe kunye neKhazars, uVladimir wabuyela ezweni lakubo, kodwa apha ngaphesheya kweDnieper kubonakala i-Pechenegs inzondo. Ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukulwa, bathetha ukulwa ngamnye. Ukuba umkhosi waseRashiya uyanqoba, imfazwe iya kukhanselwa, ukuba iPecheneg iphumelele, iya kuhlala iminyaka emithathu. Abachasene baye baphakama kwiinqaba ezibhekiselele kuMlambo iTrubezh. Kufuneka ube yi-duel, kodwa wayengekho kwinkampu yeVladimir Udalts, ekulungele ukulwa nomkhosi wePecheneg. U-Vladimir waqala ukulila, kodwa umlindi wafika kuye ngamazwi enyana wakhe omncinci wayesesendlwini yakhe, ngubani onamandla kangangokuthi waqhekeza isikhumba sakhe ngentukuthelo, waze wanyuka ezandleni zakhe.

Bambuzwa ukuba unokunqoba i-Pecheneg, le nsizwa yacela ukuba ihlolisise yona, iholele ukuba alwe nenkunzi entsha. Ngokukhawuleza wazisa le ndoda kwi-regiment kwaye yenze inkunzi leyo ithukuthele ngentsimbi etyumkileyo. Inkunzi yenkomo yayisondela kuye ngakumbi kwaye yakrazula isikhumba emacaleni ayo kunye nenyama. Kwaqala imfazwe. Xa kuthelekiswa nomlobi omkhulu kunye nosabekayo wePecheneg, umfana waseRashiya wayelahlekile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza ukuba abo babini balwa namaqhawe, le nsizwa yaqhawula iPecheneg. Iintshaba ezathusayo zabaleka, kwaye e-Vladimir ekwayilwa kwidabi, wasungula isixeko sasePereyaslavl. Utsho umlando waseRussia "ITheth of Years Bygone". "IThe Legend of Kozhemyak" - enye yamakhasi akhe eqhawe.

Ukususela ngelo xesha uNikita Kozhemyaka waba yiqhawe leengcamango ezininzi, ngubani, ngokuqinisekisayo kwamandla akhe amakhulu, ngokukhawuleza aphule iibhokhwe ezininzi ezikhuniweyo. Ixesha lidlulile, kwaye isilwa seKozhemyaka silwa ne-pecheneg sasingumthetho-ngoku kwakuyilwa nenyoka. Uluhlu olunjalo lobugcisa aluzange lube lulodwa. Kwimiqulu yeBessarabian, uStefan Voda naye ulwa neNyoka (ekuchazeni okokuqala - kunye neTurk).

"Igosa likaKozhemyak." Indaba emfutshane

Intombi yasebukhosini, ethanjwe yiNyoka enqeni yakhe, yayingadliwayo kubo, njengabanye amantombazana, ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo. Inyoka, endaweni yokutya, yamthatha njengomfazi wayo. Ukufunda kuye ukuba yincwadana ethile, uNicita Kozhemyaka, inamandla kuneNyoka, intombazana idlulisela le nkcazelo kuyise, ibhala incwadi kwaye imbophe intamo yenja, ukuba iboshwe emva kwayo. Kwaye ke ukumkani uhambisa umyalelo wokufumana iKozhemyak aze acele ukulwa neNyoka. Ebona ukuba izithunywa zikaTsar zafika kuye, uKozhemyaka, ukwesaba, waqhawula izikhumba ezilishumi elinesibini ezazityhutyha ezandleni zakhe. Ukuxhatshazwa kukuba ngenxa yoko uya kuba nelahleko enkulu, loo mfana waqala ukungafuni ukugcina umlawuli. Emva koko iintandane ezishiywe ngaphandle kwabazali ngenxa yenyoka elalilimele zaziswa kuye. Incinci, ichukumiswe yintlungu, emva kokulungiswa okufutshane kwiNyoka kwaye iyimbulala. Leli bali ibali lekomfana elinguKozhemyak, owawunqoba iNyoka.

Inketho yesibini

Olunye ukubuyisela luqulethe uhlobo oluthile lokuphuhliswa kweemeko. Inyoka echithwayo ibuza uKozhemyaka inceba kunye nokuguqulwa komhlaba, apho uNicita avuma khona. Inyoka, ikhonjiswe kwipula, iqala ukulima umhlaba ukusuka kwisixeko saseKiev kuLwandle lwaseCaspian. Emva kokuhlukanisa umhlaba, iNyoka iyahlula ukwahlula ulwandle. Emva kokuba aqhubekele inyoka enzulu, iKozhemyaka yilapho igxobhoza kuye, ngaloo ndlela ikhulule abantu kwi-villain. Ngokutsho komlando, kuze kube namhlanje abaxhasi, ababekwe yiNyoka, babonakala. Abantu ababachaphazeli, bawashiya ukuba bakhumbule uNikita Kozhemyak ongavumiyo.

Ukwahlukana phakathi kwama-bylinas kunye nemiba

"I-Legend of Nikita Kozhemyaka" (kwisiNgesi sase-Ukrainian - malunga noCyril Kozhemyak) yimbali. Nangona eli liyiqhawe kungekhona nje imbali, kodwa i-epic. Phakathi kwama-annals kunye ne-epic, kukho ukungafani okubalulekileyo, kunye neempawu ezifanayo. Jikelele:

1. Iintshaba zifuna ukubonisa umntu osemncinci, kodwa akukho nto.
2. Kwindoda engumntu oqinileyo, iqhawe, kunye nomfana oselula.
3. Ngalo mfana uzisa uyise.
4. Utshaba luhlala luyiqhawe lamandla amakhulu kunye nobukhulu obukhulu.
5. Utshaba luyaphumelela kwangaphambili, kodwa luya kutshaywa.

Ukwahlukana:

1. I-protagonist ngumqhubi weengcali, kwaye iqhawe le-annals ngumculi olula. Uyanqoba kuphela ngenxa yezandla zakhe ezinde.
2. Kwiingxelo zomcimbi zihlala zibophelelwe kumxholo wembali. Kwi-epic le nto ayikho.