Le mizobo best Dzhotto Di Bondone kunye abayichaza

Amagama ukuba kutyunjwe imisebenzi enkulu ngomzobi Italian Giotto di Bondone - it imigca wembongi Arseniya Tarkovskogo:

Ndingu umntu, ndihleli phakathi kwehlabathi;

Kuba kum amashumi infusoria,

Phambi kwam inqwaba leenkwenkwezi.

Ndaya ukuphakama kwakhe ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwabo -

iibhanki ezimbini Umatshini Sea,

isithuba ezimbini eziqhagamshelene kwebhulorho.

La magama achaza kuphela umbhali, kodwa lonke ixesha awayephila kulo. Imizobo yi Giotto kwaye ibhulorho efanayo eyayidibanisa nezigaba ezibini ubugcisa yokudweba.

Umsunguli yokudweba lwangoku

Giotto wahlala Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane ezimbini - 13 nele-14. Kanye phakathi ubomi bakhe senzeka ngeli xesha, yaye eli xesha kwinkcubeko hlabathi ibizwa ngokuba xesha wabe kunye Giotto. Baba ababephila.

Sobulumko nguMerabhi Mamardashvili malunga imizobo yi Giotto wakha wathi: "Giotto yakhululwa zero ngokudlul". Eli binzana ezintsonkothileyo ngexesha lakhe wenza abaninzi ehleka. Kodwa ke xa ucinga ngayo, okanye mandithi zonke efanayo akunjalo. Emva Giotto njengomzobi kuqalwe ekuqaleni.

Jonga kakhulu Imizobo abadumileyo of Giotto. Oko wakwenzayo kubugcisa, ukuba isindululo sokuba ubugcisa, akukho namnye phambi kwakhe izinto endakha ndazenza. Waqala ukusuka ekuqaleni, kwaye mhlawumbi, kule ndlela, elowo buchopho ingena ngokudlul zero. UMichelangelo, Pol Sezann kunye Kazimir Malevich wenza. Baqala ukususela ekuqaleni, ukususela ekuqaleni. Kule meko, kwaye Giotto afika zero bakwelona. Ngenxa kunokuthiwa kakhulu ngokuzolileyo nangokuzithemba; iqala Giotto Bondone ukupeyinta mihla yaseYurophu.

Dalo edume

What we know imizobo yi Giotto? Olu "nobusuku ye abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi", "Unikezelo * endlwini kaThixo", "I Entombment", "Intsikelelo Anna," "The Emnqamlezweni", "Ummangaliso umthombo." Giotto Bondone imizobo di kunye imizobo kuba yingcwele wabhala Del Arena Padua, kuba amabandla e Florence kunye waseAssisi. ngesandla sakhe ayikwazi ukuba bedidekile kunye nendlela amanye amagcisa. Inkcazelo mizobo yi Giotto - a kususelwa lo mzekeliso yeVangeli. Asishiya imifanekiso abangcwele zamaKristu, njenge St Francis unxibelelwano. Lawrence, unxibelelwano. UStefano, uJohn Bogoslov et al.

Imizobo Giotto kunye nezihloko ukongezelela wasePadua, Florence, kwaye iVatican ukho ikhathalogu zokuqokelelwa zeemyuziyam ezifana Jacquemart-André kunye Louvre eFransi, kwi-National Gallery of Art e Washington kunye Raleigh (University of North Carolina), eParis, eJamani yaye UK .

Phambi kwakhe i icon, okanye ubugcisa yaseByzantium eyamkelweyo kwihlabathi yaseYurophu. Paintings Dzhotto Di Bondone kunye amagama izifundo zeBhayibhile athethe ngokwabo. Kodwa oku lo icon. Le odumileyo "Madonna of Ognissanti", ezigcinwe kwi Uffizi, kwaye ekupeyinteni Giotto "Flight eYiputa".

Ukunika abalinganiswa Biblical corporeality

Umlobi wendaba amagcisa Italian Dzhordzho Vazari isixelela ilivo eyayikho ngelo xesha, waba njengokhozo Giotto, Cimabue igcisa. Kwaye myuziyam ecaleni Uffizi hang Imizobo ezimbini, ababini Madonna - Madonna Madonna Cimabue kunye Giotto.

Xa ujonga i Madonnas ezimbini uze uthelekise kubo, nokuba ukuba awuyazi into art, uyakwazi ukubona umahluko nje phakathi neyamagcisa amabini, kodwa phakathi zaphawula ezimbini, phakathi imigaqo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Ke niwubone umahluko epheleleyo. Uyaqonda ukuba xa bezibona eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo eli hlabathi.

Imizobo Cimabue esulungekisiweyo ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kuhle, kunokuthiwa ukuba - hayi nje umzobi yaseByzantium, aphakathi kunye ngalinye. nemizimba Madonna wakhe, okumangalisayo kukuba ezintle, zokuhombisa. iminwe Long, iingalo elide musa ukugcina umntwana, aze enze uphawu ukuba ukuba ugcina kuye. ubuso bakhe idlulisa kudlule oriental mithetho ubuso emxinwa, amehlo elide, iimpumlo obhityileyo, elilusizi kumzobo yaseByzantium emehlweni akhe. Oku tyaba ethereal eziphefumlelweyo icons ukupeyinta kwemiqathango nazo. Hayi umntu, kungekhona uhlobo ubuntu kunye nobuso.

A isisitheliso ecaleni kwe icon, okanye, nithi, inomfanekiso Giotto. Phezu kwetrone, okuhombisa, itrone elihle, kukho indlela yokuba ngoko kuphela ligqithise, nje silk. Le nezemarmore okuhombisa. Inkazana leyo ebanzi-ndandimncedisa, womelele, abatsha, a bahlazeke esidleleni ngokupheleleyo. Siqine ubambe baby ngezandla. ihempe Beautiful emhlophe. Umzimba igxininisa ngamandla alo. Ke yena ukubukela ngomoya thina. Xa ubuso bakhe akukho ukubandezeleka. Luzele isidima ophezulu yoluntu kunye noxolo. Oku akuthethi Madonna, hayi i icon ye Virgin. It Madonna ngengqiqo Italian kamva kunye nokuqonda esi sifundo. Yiloo nto, noMariya, yaye inenekazi entle.

Singatsho kakuhle ukuba into awayenzayo Giotto ukupeyinta, igcinwe zobugcisa yaseYurophu ku impressionism. It Giotto wenza ntoni ngolwimi mihla kuthiwa kuqamba. Yintoni kokwakhiwa? Oku yindlela igcisa ubona isakhiwo, njengokuba yena acinga. Udlala indima yokuba ingqina, iziganeko iqela. Oku kudala wento engekhoyo wokuba kwakukho umntu.

Ubunini isenzo sebali

Yiloo nto ke artist yena umbhali, umlawuli kunye nomdlali lwemizobo zakhe. indalo yakhe - luhlobo yeqonga apho abadlali abenza kunye nokuqondisa azenze yena - umculi. "Mna ke apho! ILizwi ukunika, ndandikho, yaye oko kwakunjalo, "- uthi indalo yakhe phantse Giotto. Kaloku, ngaba enokuthelekelelwa ukuba ingqondo medieval le ibango!

Giotto kubonakala ngathi umntu onoxanduva oko ubhala. Kwaye Imizobo yakhe, ezifana 'Kiss kaYudas "yaye" usiwa eYiputa "- oku oseludongeni, ebhalwe ngawakhe isenzo.

Eqatywe zaveza yi wegcisa

Around 1303 Giotto yaba sisibonelelo omangalisayo - ukuze ukupeyinta ibandla encinane, elakhiwa kwisixeko wasePadua lamaRoma Arena. Umlobi wendaba Giotto, hayi kanye mandithi, omnye biographers zakhe Dzhordzho Vazari ushiya inkcazelo umdla kakhulu. Uthi ukuba Giotto wasePadua weza ukupeyinta ibandla ixesha elifutshane ngaphambi inkampani yakhe, oko kukuthi, amaqabane. Ngendlela efanayo kuMbindi Ages Andrei Rublev wabhala nabo, kanye njengokuba i-West kwebandla lwalupayintiwe yi umzobi kunye igama elikhulu, amaqabane, oko kukuthi, kunye izicima lakhe. 'Kiss kaYudas "- lo mfanekiso wasedongeni ebewenza, leyo wathi yena. Ngokuqinisekileyo, le yenye yezona ezimbalwa ngokupheleleyo isebenza wombhali njenge "uBathathu Emnye," Rublev, yaye ngokwenene zibonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba ungubani Giotto.

'Kiss kaYudas': ingcaciso yomfanekiso

Yaye xa sijonga umzobo oseludongeni "Le Kiss kaYudas", ngoko nangoko khetha amehlo iziko nokwakheka. Kwiziko, iziganeko ezimangalisayo kwenzeka. Sibona indlela uYuda gona uKristu, lubamba kuyo. Kwaye la manani mabini - Central. Sinokubona ngasekunene, njengoko wayengena umbingeleli omkhulu itempile yaseYerusalem. Uveza kuKristu. Kwaye phezu ekhohlo sibona uMpostile uPetros, nangona undikhanyele kathathu phambi kokuba ingekalili inkuku izihlandlo ezithathu, kodwa wakhupha imela isonka, wanqumla iindlebe zabo. Sibona lo ngemela lilo nxamnye noYuda, kodwa indlela yakhe kuvalwe i isihlwele, yaye ukuba silandela ulwalathiso ezandleni umbingeleli omkhulu ulwalathiso imela, sifumanisa ukuba imigca idibane phezu ingubo kaYudas, nje ngobuso babo. Ngoko ke, singatsho ukuba embindini ubume abakho neziziba ezibini zamagxa, kunye, nobuso ezimbini. Oko kukuthi, ukususela kweli nqanaba umdla ukufunda zithako.

Energy umfutho

Soloko kwi Giotto athi kunye isigqebelo ethile: "Yintoni wavula Giotto?". Umzekelo, kwi "Amarcord" Fellini, xa utitshala wesikolo ubuchule ngokubuza ukuba yenziwe yi Giotto, abafundi bakhwaza ngazwi linye besithi: "Ethile". Yinto funny kakhulu. Ngapha koko, akukho imbono Giotto asenziwanga. Le ngxelo engachanekanga. Akazange adale nethemba yaye omnye isithuba komfanekiso, apho isithuba kukuba ukuze ziqondwe isenzo ngcembe phambi kokuba ababukeli.

Thatha ujongo kwi umzobo oseludongeni "Le Kiss kaYudas". Kukho isihlwele sabantu. Kwaye ke indimbane ebusuku. On the nezibane esibhakabhakeni esimnyama, ukutshiswa ekunene nasekhohlo. Uziva intshukumo ngokuchasene esibhakabhakeni. Kwi esibhakabhakeni esimnyama izibane, amadangatye zinyuka, wena uve indlela ezichulumancisa kunye umbane isihlwele. Yintoni umdla esihlweleni? Inyaniso ukuba akukho akanankathalo. Kwesi sihlwele, ukuba ukhangela ngenyameko, yenzelwe phantse yonke nxaxheba. Kukho ubalule nje amazing kwiCEMIS.

Mnogovremonnost

Giotto waba ngowokuqala kodwa wokugqibela. Yena, bathi, hayi nje kuphela abeke, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni kubekho inani elikhulu iingxaki, hayi nje ukudala ingoma, "Mna, Giotto, isigqibo omkhulu ubona kunjalo, apha abalinganiswa bam, nantsi choir yam," yaye xa isetyenzwe ngengqondo xa ubonisa ngaphezulu kwenye isenzo mnogovremonnost.

Ngamnye imizobo yakhe singumbono omangalisayo enkulu, yaye akanathemba. Njani umntu ngenxa ubomi ngaphandle izandulela, njengoko bathi, uza kiswano bakwelona, wadala ukusuka ekuqaleni a taka yaseYurophu, ukwakhiwa nje inyathelo yethutyana ibe nolwalamano kobude, kuwanelisa ukusasazeka kwayo ixesha kwaye inani elikhulu kakhulu shades kwengqondo?

isiphelo

Kweli nqaku, senza ngaphezulu okanye enenkcukacha ngaphantsi ezi Imizobo kuphela amabini Giotto ogama 'Kiss uYudas "yaye" Madonna Ognissanti. " Wizard, ungabona esingapheliyo. Baya Uyakwazi ukujongha kangangeeyure, kodwa ebomini akwanelanga ukuthetha ngayo yonke imisebenzi Giotto di Bondone, ogama imizobo lalithathwa yi ixesha, wahlala kwexesha. Bonke bephela - kwendalo inkulu igcisa kunye ndoda kuqalwe ekuqaleni.