Le khemikhali Ukubunjwa eziphilayo ukusuka ngembono zesayensi

Makhe sihlolisise ukwakhiwa imichiza izinto eziphilayo, khetha izinto ezisisiseko, eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo.

eziphilayo

Eziphilayo kukuba isayensi lifunda ukwakhiwa eziphilayo, uhlalutyo imisebenzi yabo isakhiwo, inguqu, ukusasazwa. Iqale lasungulwa kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa kwiiklasi ezisisiseko kwezinto akwi eziphilayo.

kuqamba oluninzi

Khemikhali Ukubunjwa iiseli eziphilayo iquka izinto ezininzi lwezakhi. Kuxhomekeka ubungakanani umxholo zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathathu. Baya kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba organogenic, kuba ngaphandle kwabo akunakwenzeka ukugqiba ubukho esiphilayo. Ezi zinto bayakwazi ukwenza iibhondi covalent, ezo isiseko yehlabathi ophilileyo.

macronutrients

Phakathi macrocells ihlaba potassium, phosphorus, nemagnesium, calcium, chlorine, isalfure, sodium. Iziqalelo imichiza ezenza izinto eziphilayo, kufuneka ukuba siqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo irandi.

Izakha

Ayibe, molybdenum, zinc, ayodini, vanadium, bromine yinxalenye iihomoni, enzymes. ipesenti Umxholo yabo hayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 ekhulwini.

ultramicroelements

Igolide, isilivere, platinum lukhona eziphilayo, kodwa inani labo ayinamsebenzi. imichiza ukuba kule eziphilayo langoku kubo ngokwendlela ion ezintle okanye ezimbi. Zibalulekile ubonelelo iseli zokukhula sabo esipheleleyo, ukwakhiwa yethishyu esitsha emzimbeni agcine acid-alkali ze imali eseleyo yesiqhelo. Ntoni ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali izinto eziphilayo? Kuqala kwinto zonke, ubume ngamachiza kugwetywa uvuselelo okanye excitation iiseli, inqanaba ukutya, balance amandla.

Le khemikhali Ukubunjwa eziphilayo eziqulathe neetyuwa izimbiwa kunye amanzi aphilileyo. Senzeka zolwelo medium ukuguqula reactions exchange amandla bonke kwenzeke kwisithuba esiphilayo. Kwemolekyuli amanzi isakhiwo dipole, apho kukho iibhondi covalent ezibandayo. Oko offset electron kwanokuxinana athom hydrogen ukuze oxygen unobangela nokwehlukana, nto leyo ichaza ukubaluleka ezingaxhaphakanga ephilayo amanzi. Senziwe phakathi iimolekyuli zamanzi iibhondi buthathaka apho amandla iibhondi ngaphantsi covalent phantse 20 amaxesha. Kunye neeproteni zabo uncedo kunye nucleic zitshintshele ngaphakathi emzimbeni kwezinye izinto, inkqubo sikhatshwe kuphuma amandla, apho umzimba ifuna njalo. Amanzi kuphela jikelele, kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kwi ibubomi kumzimba, ngenxa yokuba uninzi zonke abasabela kwemichiza oluqhutywa izisombululo zolwelo.

Yintoni ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali izinto eziphilayo? Ukongeza izinto ezingaphiliyo, iye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, kukho iiproteni akhoyo kunye nucleic. Oku la izinto eziphilayo ziyafuneka ukukhusela umzimba. Xa izinto hydrophobic ukuba musa ukuluhlakaza emanzini, ziiproteni, phantse onke amanqatha. Ukuhlalutya umchiza nokwakheka eziphambili eziphilayo, siphawula ukuba amanzi linxulunyaniswa ummiselo kulawulo thermal lomzimba. Kuxhomekeke ekukwazini eziphilayo kwimeko nokuxhuma lobushushu elirhabaxa, ukufunxa ubushushu. Lo mhlaba ivumela umzimba lokukhuselwa zokufudumeza ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuthintela nobushushu umzimba njengoko ubushushu liphuma emoyeni. Kungenxa yokuba amanzi ulwabiwo efanayo amandla phakathi ancedisana ezahlukeneyo luyenziwa Kusasazwa epheleleyo ubushushu kuwo onke amalungu.

kuqamba organic

Phakathi organic langoku emzimbeni kwabantu wekhabohayidreyiti ebaluleke ngokukodwa, lipids. Bona zithako leyo akhiwa fatty macromolecular kunye alkoholi trihydric - glycerol. molekyuli Lipid abe ubungakanani elincinane ngokwentelekiso molecule. Bakuzuze iipropati hydrophobic, ngamanye amazwi, akuthethi ukunyibilika emanzini ukwenza iinkqubo colloidal - emulsion. Lipids ngokugqibeleleyo enyibilikayo izinyibilikisi organic nonpolar ezifana benzene, chloroform, acetone. Zeziphi eziphambili nemisebenzi lipids? Okokuqala, bona - imithombo yamandla. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe into ephilayo lwenziwa umsebenzi vivo yokwakha. Wekhabohayidreyiti kwakhona ukuze likwazi ukusebenza komzimba bubalulekileyo. Ukongezelela ekwakhiweni, umsebenzi amandla, kuba iyimfuneko ezitokisini zezondlo, kwakunye ukukhusela umzimba kwamagciwane ekufumaneni neentsholongwane. amandla Regulatory wekhabohayidreyiti kwi ubuchule regulatory, kuthetha ukukhusela umzimba umonakalo. Iiproteni kunye neeproteni ke biopolymers nokuphila mass aphezulu eziphilayo, kwi iintsalela kweziphilayo acid eba monomers.

Iiproteni ezi iihomoni ekufuneka ukulawula iinkqubo ezininzi ebalulekileyo eziphilayo. Xa umzimba kukho kwakhona ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo - enzyme, ezo ehlanganisa zebhayoloji, efanela waqhekeza okanye isantya ekudibaneni kwemichiza. Ukwazi ukwakheka eekhemikhali a esiphilayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqikelela imisebenzi yayo engundoqo, iimpawu, khangela iindlela zokusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenweyo.