Le current iphezulu kuvumelekile ukwenzela ababhexeshi zobhedu

Xa umsinga wombane aqukuqela intambo, inxalenye amandla elahlekile. Uya kubushushu abaqhubi, ngenxa yokunganyangeki zabo ukunciphisa leyo kwandisa ixabiso amandla maza ke ngoku avumelekile ukuba iingcingo zekopolo. Esihle kakhulu practice umqhubi lubhedu, nto leyo eye zombane ixabiso elincinane ukuxhathisa abathengi ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye iyafumaneka kwiimeko ngokubanzi.

Insimbi zilandelayo conductivity olungileyo aluminiyam. Kutshiphu ngaphezu ngobhedu, kodwa ke nkum ngakumbi kwaye likhubazeke kwi omzimba. Okokuqala ku-endlwini womnatha lwasekhaya ezazakhiwe ngezinto iingcingo aluminium. Baye efihliweyo phantsi ukutyabeka ixesha elide ukuba silibale ngayo iintambo. Umbane waya ikakhulu sinokwanela ukukhanyisa, kunye iingcingo ungakwazi ukumelana lula umthwalo.

Kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa, kwintlaninge izixhobo zombane, ebe ebalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla yaye zifuna umbane. Power ukusetyenziswa iye yenyuka kwaye iintambo ayisa ukumelana nayo. Ngoku kunzima ukwenza kwigumbi umbane okanye indlu ngaphandle yokubala amandla kweentambo. Iingcingo kunye neengcingo zikhethwa ukuze kuphetshwe iindleko ezingeyomfuneko, yaye ukumelana ngokupheleleyo yonke imithwalo kuloo ndlu.

Isizathu zokufudumeza zombane

Watyhutyha umsinga wombane ebangela ubushushu nombhexeshi. Kwiqondo lobushushu eziphakamileyo, lo wentsimbi oxidized ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ezisongwayo uqala ukunyibilika xa amaqondo obushushu 65 ⁰ C. I ngakumbi itshiswa, ngokukhawuleza uya phantsi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-wire uyonyulwa ukuba ngoku avumelekile, nto leyo lungenzeki ukuba shushu ngokugqithisileyo.

icandelo zikagesi Area

Imilo ye-wire oluqhutywa isangqa, isikwere, uxande, okanye unxantathu. Kwicandelo kwiingcingo yokuhlala kukhethwa setyhula. I-copper wamavili lidla efakwe kwi yikhabhinethi ulawulo kwaye ezibuxande okanye isikwere.

iindawo Cross-somhlathi zigqitywa abahlala imilinganiso ezisisiseko zaye ilinganiswa imbi:

• isangqa - S = πd ^2/4;
• isikwere - S = ^2;
• uxande - S = a * b;
• unxantathu - πr ^2/3.

Le notation ilandelayo lisetyenziswa izibalo:

• r - embindini;
• d - ubukhulu;
• b, a - ububanzi nobude candelo;
• π = 3,14.

Ukubalwa amandla kwi iintambo

Amandla yakhululwa ngemithambo ze intambo ngexesha osebenza umiselwa ifomula: P = I _n ² YE,

apho _n - ngoku umthwalo, A; R - ukuxhathisa, ngo ohms; n - inani ngababhexeshi.

Ifomula okufanelekileyo xa kubalwa umthwalo. Ukuba intambo elidityaniswe kubo abaninzi, ubuninzi ubushushu lubalwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwabathengi eneji ngasinye, yaye ngoko ushwankathelwa iziphumo.

Le ngoku avumelekile ukuba ubhedu ndixakene wire kwakhona ibalwa ngokusebenzisa icandelo emnqamlezweni. Ukulungiselela le njongo ekupheleni Lutho, ukulinganisa sangqa omnye oogesi, ukubala le ndawo liphindaphindwe ngenani kwi ngocingo.

ubukhulu wire for iimeko ezahlukeneyo yokusebenza

umqhubi cross-amacandelo lula ulinganiswa ngemilimitha square. Ukuba Nika uqikelelo lwangoku ucingo lobhedu mm2 elivumelekileyo udlula 10 A, ayithethi shushu ngokugqithisileyo.

Le iingcingo USB ezikufutshane kwezinye eshushu ngamnye, ngoko kufuneka ukhethe Ebubanzini imithambo kwi tafile okanye isilungiso kuwo. Ngaphezu koko, amanyathelo athathiweyo kunye phezulu umda encinane kwaye emva kokuba ikhethwe elivela kumqolo eqhelekileyo.

Iingcingo zombane kunokuba ezicacileyo oyimfihlo. In lwalo yokuqala, oko akumiselweyo imiphezulu ngaphandle imibhobho okanye imigudu intambo. Ebhekiswe akunika phantsi udaka, kwi imijelo okanye iityhubhu ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo. Apha, ukusebenza kweemeko ezilawulwa yengqongqo yona ngakumbi, kuba kwiindawo bavalelwe ngaphandle umoya cable shushu ngakumbi.

Kuba iimeko yokusebenza ezahlukeneyo alungiswe okuza, ekufuneka iphinda ubalwe yangoku eqhubekayo kuxhomekeka zinto zilandelayo:

• monocable ngendlela ubude ityhubhu we-10 m: I = I _n x 0,94;
• ezihamba single-amathathu kwityhubhu: I = I _n x 0.9;
• Ndibeka emanzini kunye zokhuselo uhlobo ukutyabeka kl: I = I _n x 1.3;
• -Core amane intambo amacandelo alinganayo: I = I _n x 0,93.

umzekelo

Xa umthwalo 5 kW kunye 220 V ngamandla ngoku uhamba ngocingo ubhedu 5 × 1000/220 = 22.7 A. icandelo walo umnqamlezo iya kuba 22.7 / 10 = 2.27 mm ^2. Le mali iza kubonelela ngoku obuvumelekileyo zonke iingcingo zekopolo ubushushu. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko apha ukuba lunganako encinane-15% na. Ngenxa yoko, eli candelo cross iya kuba S = 2,27 + 2,27 x 15/100 = 2.61 mm ^2. Ke kaloku, kule ubungakanani kufuneka ukhethe umqhubi eqhelekileyo cross-candelo, nto leyo 3 mm.

Ukusasaza ubushushu ngexesha nokusebenza intambo

Lo mphathi aziyi ukufudumala ngokugqithisela yangoku ngonaphakade. Ngelo xesha inikezele ubushushu kokusingqongileyo, imali leyo ixhomekeke therebetween umahluko lobushushu. Ngaxa lithile, i imeko lizama kwenzeka kwaye ubushushu umqhubi ibekwe rhoqo.

Okubalulekileyo! Xa ukhethe kakuhle ilahleko kweentambo kwi ukufudumeza lifinyele. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ebudeni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngqiqweni (xa ucingo shushu ngokugqithisileyo) Kwakhona kufuneka ukuba ahlawule. Kwelinye icala wena icala yokuba kuselelwe extra ekhawuntareni nangapha - kuba ukutshintshwa le ntambo.

Ukukhetha wire cross-icandelo

ikakhulukazi cinga zombane kwigumbi eqhelekileyo apho icandelo iintambo ukukhetha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, sebenzisa la:

• Intambo elikhokelela - 6.4 mm ^2;
• socket - 2.5 mm ^2;
• singundoqo sinokwanela ukukhanyisa - 1.5 mm ^2.

Loo inkqubo ebheka umthwalo ukuba akukho izixhobo ezinkulu, nto leyo ngokufuthi kufuneka baphathe unikezelo lwamandla eyahlukileyo.

Great ukufumana ucingo lobhedu yangoku esebenzayo, netafile evela weefayili. Kwakhona ibonisa ubalo data usebenzisa aluminiyam.

Isiseko ukhetho ingcingo umsebenzisi amandla. Ukuba amandla iyonke imigca ukusuka engundoqo igalelo P = 7,4 kW kwi U = 220 V, umsinga avumelekile ukuba iingcingo zekopolo 34 Uya kuba phezu kwetafile A, kwaye icandelo cross - 6 mm ² (gasket closed).

iindlela zokusebenza zexesha elifutshane

Elona nani liphezulu sivumelekile Incopho yamanje iingcingo zekopolo ngexesha yokusebenza iimeko kunye kwimijikelo ukuya kutsho kwimizuzu emi-10 kunye namaxesha phakathi kwabo zokusebenza elingadlulanga kwimizuzu ngaphezulu kwe-4 babawa intsebenziswano eqhubekayo, ukuba icandelo emnqamlezweni ayikho ngaphezu kwe-6 mm ^2. Xa somhlathi ngaphezu 6 mm ^2: I _Dop = I _n ∙ 0.875 / √T _AE .

apho T _ae - ratio kwexesha ngexesha nelo lokuqhubeka komjikelo zabasebenzi.

Icima amandla xa eninzi elifutshane beesekethe ugqibe ngeempawu esisetyenzisiweyo kumhlaba okufutshane. Apha ngezantsi kukho umzobo iqela elincinane control flat. Amandla evela imitha engena intshayelelo oluzenzekelayo DP MCB umthamo 63 A, olukhusela oomatshini iintambo ukuba imigca amandla ngamnye 10 A, 16 A no-20 A.

Okubalulekileyo! oomatshini nemibundu kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe iintambo ubuninzi avumelekile zangoku kunye nomthwalo ephakamileyo yangoku. Kulo mzekelo, umgca nganye ziya kukhuselwa.

Indlela ukukhetha bakholelwe indlu?

Ixabiso le yangoku ziyakurhafiswa ekungeneni cable kungena kwigumbi kuxhomekeke zingaphi abasebenzisi uxhulumeneyo. Le tafile yamanani ibonisa indlela izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye namandla awo.

isixhobo sombane	amandla Ikaliwe, kW
TV	0.18
kwibhoyila	2-6
efrijini	0.2-0.3
eziko	2-5
ikharakhtha	0,65-1
ngeketile yombane	1,2-2
insimbi	1.7-2.3
microwave	0,8-2
computer	0,3-1
kumatshini wokuhlamba	2.5-3.5
inkqubo lokukhanyisa	0.5
kuphela	12,03-23,78

Amandla wangoku we amandla ezaziwayo-kakuhle ingafunyanwa kwi athi:

I = P ∙ K _kunye / (U ∙ cos φ), apho K = _{0.75, kunye} - simultaneity factor.

Kuba ngogesi ukuba amandla umthwalo factor cos φ esebenzayo = 1. Ngo izibane ezibengezelayo, wokutshayela yombane, kumatshini wokuhlamba impahla, njl, Ke ingaphantsi kwe-1, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Kuvumelekile current eqhubekayo ukuba izixhobo ziboniswe etafileni, kuya kuba mna = 41 - 81 A. I-Ixabiso endibufumeneyo kakhulu umxhelo. Kufuneka usoloko ucinga ngayo, xa ukuthenga isixhobo esitsha, nokuba yakhe utsalo yokuhlala chain. Ukususela itafile for open nokufakelwa igalelo wire candelo iya kuba 4-10 mm ^2. Zisekhona kufuneka luthathwe umthwalo indlu iya kuchaphazela indlu eqhelekileyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba le ofisi kwizindlu ayivumeli ukuqhagamshela izixhobo zombane ezininzi emnyango edlulisa apho ngokusebenzisa nekhabhathi unikezelo phantsi kwisigaba ngasinye kwaye abapasileyo ibhasi cala (ubhedu okanye aluminiyamu). Baya nje asikwazi ukutsala imitha yombane, nto leyo edla esifakelwe ikhaka kwi emhlabeni. Ukongeza, lo umrhumo iindleko overruns imigangatho umbane iya kukhula kuwo ubungakanani umxhelo ngenxa okuza ezandayo.

Ukuba iintambo yenziwe indlu yangasese, akukho kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo amandla ngentambo yokusindisa umntu kwinethiwekhi engundoqo. kusetyenziswa Ngokuqhelekileyo SIP--yecandelo 4 12 mm aluminiyam wire ² ukuze kwanele ukuba umthwalo onzima.

ukhetho ephathelene amaqela ngabanye abathengi

Xa kukhethwa USB ukuqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi wathatha ngokukhusela nxamnye nomthwalo elifutshane iziphaluka oluzenzekelayo yokungena kuyo, kufuneka ukhethe i cingo kwiqela umthengi ngamnye.

Umthwalo yahlulahlulwe izibane namandla. Umsebenzisi kakhulu ezinamandla endlwini na ekhitshini, apho isitofu, umatshini wokuhlamba impahla kwakunye njengesicocisi, ifriji, microwave kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifakiweyo.

Kuba nganye iingcingo ephuma ekhethiweyo 2.5 mm ^2. Ukusuka itafile oko miss ilungelelaniselwe supply zeesekethe 21 A. ngokuqhelekileyo iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano - esuka kwibhokisi kuhlangana. Ngoko ke, lo bhokisi kufuneka silingane wire 4 mm ^2. Ukuba iziseko oxhulumene kwi intambo tyaba, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba icandelo umnqamlezo 2.5 mm ² ingqinelana kumandla ka-4.6 kW. Ngoko ke, lo umthwalo kubo uya kudlula kuyo. Kukho inye: xa kukho ukusilela lokuphuma mnye, nabanye naye abe ukungenzi.

Kwi kwibhoyila, isitofu, umoya-moya kunye nezinye nomthwalo omkhulu, kucetyiswa ukuba ukudibanisa ucingo hlukanisa umpu. Le yangasese kwakhona ungeno olwahlukileyo kunye umpu kunye RCD.

In zokukhanya yenziwa nge-1.5 mm ^2. Ke kaloku abaninzi ukusebenzisa kumthamo ezisisiseko kwaye eyongeziweyo ezifuna icandelo elikhulu emnqamlezweni.

Indlela ukubala iintambo ontlantlu-ntathu?

Ukubalwa elivumelekileyo ubungakanani cable ichaphazela uhlobo network. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enye, umthwalo yangoku izinikezeli intambo womnatha ontlantlu-ntathu iza kube incinane kakhulu ukuba single-isigaba.

Kuba engundoqo emithathu-intambo kunye U = 380 fomula kusetyenziswa:

I = P / (√3 ∙ U ∙ cos φ).

Ombane ingafunyanwa kwi iimpawu zombane, okanye u-1, ukuba umthwalo esebenzayo. Le current iphezulu kuvumelekile ukuba iingcingo zekopolo aluminium yesigaba ezintathu-ombane iboniswe kwitheyibhile.

isiphelo

Ukuthintela nobushushu ngexesha ababhexeshi elide umthwalo kufuneka ngokufanelekileyo ibalwe icandelo ezinqamlezayo umnqamlezo, apho umsinga avumelekile ukuba iingcingo zekopolo. Ukuba umqhubi ayikho namandla ngokwaneleyo, intambo ngaphambi kwexesha asilele.