Kuhlutha: isifo kunye nonyango

Abaninzi kuthi ujamelene ubomi ngayo intlungu joint emadolweni, kwenzeka xa ehamba, ntshikilelo kakhulu, ezemidlalo. Maxa wambi intlungu sikhatshwa egramza, ukudumba, ukungakwazi ukuhamba lo mlenze. Zonke ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba utshintsho morphological kwenzeka kwamadolo. Kweli nqaku, siye sihlolisise esi sifo zixhaphakileyo yokukrala idolo edibeneyo, iimpawu kunye nonyango lwe sifo kwimeko nganye. Siza kuzama ukumelana nento yokuba nayo inegalelo ekubunjweni sifo nendlela ukufumanisa kwi usaqala.

Yintoni joint?

Joint - kuba uxhulumaniso amathambo, ekuthe amathambo sinikezwe bhetyebhetye, yaye lo mntu unako ukwenza iintlobo lweentshukumo, ezifana:

• flexion / ukwandiswa omzimba,
• yesiqephu nemithathu / adduction,
• nentshukumo ejikelezayo.

Amalunga zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• elula;
• amalungu lisekwa amathambo ezimbini;
• amalungu lisekwa amathambo ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu (kwamalungu complex).

Umphezulu ilungu ngalinye lithambo entlanganweni, ligutyungelwe intlala articular kwaye lubonakala umngxuma equlethe ulwelo. Kwakhona uthi ibhegi joint articular, synovium, meniscus - cartilaginous onciphisayo uyothuka isakhiwo xa uqhuba kwaye umatshini yokusebenza umsebenzi.

Ilunga inkulu umzimba womntu joint kwedolo. Esi sifo kuchaphazela nayiphi na amabakala alo. Ilunga edolweni abunjwe ngokuhlanganisa amathambo amathathu - yifemur, lesiquluba kunye patella, nto leyo edla ngokuba ivi. Ukongeza, joint kwedolo nayo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kubume - kwinkqubo ayeguqa patella ilala into isibotho akhiwa kummango nomphandle wocango lwe yifemur.

Ubume welungu idolo

Imiphezulu zonke zontathu amathambo ezidityanelweyo (patella, yifemur kunye lesiquluba) zizele intlala, enkosi leyo inikwa inkqubo sliding.

Ezingaphandle philisi joint anqongophele - synovium. fluid synovia, leyo philisi lwamalunga, uyayondla aze lubricates le intlala, ibhexesha inkqubo ukutyibilika, ogcina ixesha elide idolo enempilo joint. Disease, nangona kunjalo, usuke kuloo ndawo idolo. Ngenxa izifo okanye ukwenzakala abe fluid asha lwamalunga, ngasemva kukwenziwa bursitis.

Amathambo isalamane enamandla isikhundla omnye komnye ukunika lungu, ezifana:

• lungu cruciate sobuKristu,
• ngomva lungu cruciate,
• lungu izibambiso medial,
• lungu yangaphandle lateral.

Bursae, adla ngokuthi bursitis, nabo negalelo ongulo izihlunu zilula nemisipha ngoxa uqhuba. Bekela bucala ubufundisi ezinkulu:

• izihlunu ethangeni Bag,
• bag semimembranosus imisipha,
• wakhe izihlunu bag semimembranosus,
• nadnadkolennikovaya bag
• podnadkolennikovaya bag obukhulu,
• yakutya prepatellar ongama.

Ziziphi izifo idolo aqhelekile kakhulu yezonyango, cinga ngakumbi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, uphawu iphambili intlungu yi zophendlo lwezifo.

Izinto ezibangela intlungu

Ubuhlungu leziNdlu knee kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela, nabanako kalukhuni amaqela kumaqela amane. Ezi ziquka:

• Patella ngokwaphulwa, contusion welungu idolo, ezinjengokwaphuka osteochondral - okt ukulimala.
• kwedolo isifo joint, kunye ngezifo kobume idolo, ezibandakanya:
  • gonartroz - arthrosis ze idolo joint;
  • ngezifo le meniscus - meniskopatiya cyst meniscal cyst Baker;
  • lunamaqoqo dysplasia (condyles) ithambo;
  • isifo Koenig kaThixo;
  • bursitis kwi joint emadolweni;
  • Osgood, isifo Osgood-Schlatter;
  • popliteal tenopatiya et al.

• Pathology nongcungcutheko iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze umzimba ezibangela intlungu obubonakala ukuya entlanganweni kwedolo. ukungaqheleki ezinjalo wenze utyando spinal, ukwenzakala inyonga, kunye nabanye.
• izifo ezicwangcisiweyo, ezifana lupus zomzimba, Charcot arthropathy, isifo Paget kaThixo, udinwe. Ukongezelela ngezifo systemic, iintlungu kunokubangela isifo sephepha okanye isifo Lyme - kuphazamiseka ezi thathwa nje sisifo esosulelayo welungu idolo.

Unyango phantse zonke izifo edolweni lusekelwe kwimigaqo ezininzi - kuphele iintlungu, ukudumba; aqinise amathambo; ukwandisa umsebenzi ngokomzimba. Noko ke, simele sikhumbule ukuba kubalulekile ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni, ngokuba ukuvela izifo ngokudibeneyo idolo negalelo zinto zilandelayo:

• ukutyeba;
• umzimba kakhulu;
• izifo inkqubo musculoskeletal - iziphene okanye ezifunyenwe ngethuba ubomi;
• lezemidlalo;
• ubudala (abantu abadala kunokwenzeka ukuba sigula zizigulo namalungu);
• isini (ababhinqileyo).

Makhe siqwalasele esi sifo uqhelekileyo entlanganweni idolo.

Yintoni kwamalunga?

Kwindawo yokuqala inani leemeko yokukhubazeka ngenxa ngenxa yesifo idolo, kubalulekile zonke izifo ezaziwayo - samathambo le idolo. Pathology kuchaphazela zoonke edolweni - le synovium, philisi, intlala. Xa engekho unyango olufanelekileyo samathambo ikhokelela kwilahleko samakhono abantu ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi samathambo:

• isifo samathambo - ukumeka ngezifo, oonobangela apho ayiqondakali ngokupheleleyo;
• samathambo post-traumatic - a ngezifo ukuvela sizoku lwisana yokulimala;
• samathambo lovukelo - sisifo sibangelwa ukusulelwa ancedisana, emva ityhefu ephilayo;
• deformans kwamalunga - ngezifo oluthi luqokelelane phezu nokuphazamiseka imvelaphi kunye ukungasebenzi inkqubo yokujikeleza;
• samathambo gouty - sisifo sibangelwa yi yokuphazamiseka yokucolwa emzimbeni.

Kwakhona ukwahlula samathambo zaseprayimari, nto leyo eyenzeka ngqo kwi joint ngenxa yokwenzakala, kunye samathambo lesibini, apho inkqubo yokukrala iqala kuyo nayiphi kwizihlunu zomzimba, naphezu ithombo nkovu okanye igazi ongena joint kwedolo.

Iimpawu zesifo ngezifo. Iindlela ekunyangeni samathambo

Ukongezelela kwintlungu ngexesha sifo waphawula ukudumba kwaye bomvu, maxa wambi kuvela iinkqubo ubovu kunye lobushushu emzimbeni ephakamileyo.

Unyango yokuqaqamba ikakhulu ejoliswe isiqabu intlungu, ukudumba kunye nokufunyanwa nesakhono lwemoto welungu idolo. La manyathelo kuzuzwe kusetyenziswa amachiza anti-ukudumba, namafutha ukufudumala kunye namayeza kukuqinisa.

iziphumo ezihle unyango elinikiweyo ukuyifundisa yokuthanjiswa, umzimba. Ndimele ndithi ukuba la manyathelo ezibekwa kuphela ixesha kuxolelwe, xa umzimba anayenza iinkqubo zosulele arhabaxa. Kwimeko apho amatyala lonyango endala ukubhenela uqhaqho.

Ngokubambisana ubuchule eqhelekileyo kwi ukunyanga isifo kunye nemigqaliselo ngokufuthi kusetyenziswa amayeza emveli usebenzisa izinto zokwenza imveliso yezityalo njenge njengesiseko yokuthoba, amafutha kunye tinctures.

Ukudleka le idolo

Khawuqwalasele esinye isifo eliqhelekileyo idolo elifana - gonarthrosis. Oku kukhokelela isenzeko angahlangani umzimba inkqubo kwiintetho ezikralayo, nto leyo ekhokelele ekutshatyalalisweni intlala esiqwini idolo, ekhatshwa deformation yayo nokuphazamiseka. Ikakhulu isifo iphuhlisa kwabasetyhini, ingakumbi abameli abadala.

Isixhobo kubangela ukuba ukuvela kwezifo babe nezifo ezinxulumene - samathambo, kwizaphuko, ithambo edibeneyo, iinkqubo ithumba.

Esi sifo ngokuqhelekileyo kancinane. Pathology uvela kancinane, kwaye ekuqaleni, uphawu engundoqo gonarthrosis kuphela intlungu oqhumayo kakhulu ukuba kwenzeka emva kwimo yokuphumla. Xa uqhuba iintlungu uya kude, kodwa ke, emva kokuba ukuphumla, aphinde agqabhuke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa gonarthrosis osteophytes kwenzeka kwizihlunu, apho isindululo tipakani inwebu intlala. Ngenxa ukukhuhlana kwenzeka ukudumba kwindawo kwedolo, le reddens isikhumba nokudumba.

Ingaba gonarthrosis zamabanga aphakamileyo. Izinto ezibangela izifo edolweni kwimeko yokuqala akukho cacisa ngokupheleleyo, imvelaphi sokuphuhlisa esi sifo kuba comorbidities kuphela, kodwa ubudala nje umntu omdala ngayo. gonarthrosis Secondary - sisiphumo idolo trauma ezidityanelweyo okanye kwingxaki kwezifo ezosulelayo.

Eyona ndlela iphambili lokufunyaniswa gonarthrosis ingqalelo ray. unyango Conservative ibandakanya ekupheliseni iintlungu analgesics zisetyenziswa. amafutha eyodwa esetyenziselwa kokususa nokudumba. Kwiimeko phambili osteoarthritis xa intlala wamginya esayithini, enze ungenelelo ngotyando - endoprosthesis. Kulo mzekelo, joint idolo kufakwa kokuyilwayo ngumntu, nto leyo evumela ukubuyisela phantse ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi motor.

Meniskopatiya

Meniskopatiya - sisifo ukuvela ngabantu esebenzayo emzimbeni, iimbaleki, kwaye akuxhomekekanga kubudala. iimeko zivuma ukuze kwakhiwe iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo kunxulunyaniswa nezifo - sifo, samathambo, isifo seswekile. Amaxesha amaninzi isifo igalelo nemisipha idolo amavila futhi.

Le meniscus - isakhiwo okhethekileyo, nto leyo kunciphisa umthwalo kwi joint ngexesha motion. Ukwahlula menisci ngaphakathi langaphandle. Ngokutsho manani, owokuqala eyonakaliswe ngaphantsi kwe yesibini.

Uphawu ephambili zezigulane ngokubonakala sifo kuthiwa ngonqakrazo kwi edibeneyo kwedolo intlungu ezibukhali ezilandelayo. Ndimele ndithi, amalungu yabantu abanjalo ukuba eselula meniscus wakhe okroqiweyo elulwelo, ngoko iintlungu kwenzeka xa meniskopatii - ezibukhali kwaye womelele. In ngeminyaka ngaphezulu kangako buhlungu. Ukongezelela kwintlungu, kukho ukudumba, kunzima ukuhamba.

Indlela eziluncedo kwesifo kunye MRI meniskopatii ingqalelo, ngexesha apho kugqiba degree of umonakalo meniscus. Xa usizi okanye ngozipho njengenyathelo eyaneleyo iyaphilisa endala. Noko ke, ukuba ufuna ukwaphula utyando meniscus.

parasynovitis

Periarthritis - esigulisa nemisipha idolo. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo kwakhona kuchaphazela izihlunu kunye nemisipha. Unobangela sifo nezifo esihamba kunye uninzi ligqwetha, i ukungalingani kwinkqubo yonyango, kwaphindwa emzimbeni, kunye neempahla le ngxaki.

Periarthritis ivela intlungu buthuntu, ukudumba kwi edolweni, ekusekeni itywina, ngela ubuhlungu xa sicinezelweyo. Izigulane ingxelo ubuhlungu xa ehamba.

Abasetyhini ifomu akhethekileyo emoyeni - periarthritis iinyawo iingxowa crow kaThixo, apho imisipha zangaphakathi ebushushwini babo. Xa oku kusenzeka akukho ukudumba, akukho deformation welungu. Isifo onesiphumo kuphela xa unxibe izihlangu kunye izithende aphezulu okanye xa uqhuba phezu iindawo ezimagqagala.

Periarthritis - amadolo isifo joint, apho unyango lusebenza kuphela ukuba yesazisi yayo kusekwangoko.

Ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezihle unyango ekucetyiswa ukunciphisa umsebenzi motor, Nentabalala ukuphumla. Nceda uyeke intlungu iziyobisi nonsteroidal, ezifana "Diclofenac" ukuyifundisa.

Tendinitis welungu idolo

Tendinitis le idolo - isifo apho kunokutshiseka imicu umcu kwindawo uncamathiselo kwi ithambo. Kukho sisifo kubantu esebenzayo emzimbeni, midlalo, kwakunye abantwana kunye nabantu abadala.

imiba efanelekileyo uphuhliso sifo ingaba:

• kunciphise imisebenzi zokuzikhusela zezigulo ezahlukeneyo olusebenzayo umzimba;
• ukungalingani kwenkqubo musculoskeletal;
• bekhubazekile okanye ukwenzakala idolo;
• amandla omzimba mkhulu;
• izifo ezinzwaneni.

Tendinitis kunokwenzeka ngomlenze omnye okanye omabini ngexesha elinye. Kulo mzekelo, joint bachaphazelekayo rhoqo iphendula utshintsho kwimozulu - kukho intlungu, ukudumba, ezize xa uhambisa.

Kuba uxilongo leengxaki kusebenza isethi izifundo, konke oko kuxhomekeke, apho isuka tendinitis. Umzekelo, ukuba ngezifo emise ngenxa yokulahlwa kwe iityuwa, kulula ukubona ngokusebenzisa ray. Ukuba tendonitis yaba sisiphumo izifo ezosulelayo, njengenyathelo esebenzayo ukubona izifo luphononongo elebhu.

Iindlela zonyango lwe tendinitis zixhomekeke nenqanaba sifo. Ekuqaleni, iindlela abaphumelelayo angqingqwa - amayeza (iziyobisi ezingekho-steroidal ukususela anti-ukudumba), physiotherapy - iimagnethi electrophoresis. ukusebenza Ezilungileyo ukunyanga idolo joint inikeza yoga. Xa usebenzisa indlela esi sifo, ungenelelo yotyando.

isifo samathambo

isifo samathambo - sisifo systemic apho kwizicwili into kunokutshiseka. Iimbangi ngqo sifo ziye iye ayasekwa. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iqela umngcipheko kuquka abantu ufuzo embi, kunye nabo sifo ephantsi. Yandisa amathuba isifo emzimbeni rhoqo, ntshikilelo, emoyeni. Le yokugula esizibonakalisa amadoda kunye nabafazi, kunye factor yobudala aluchaphazeli manani kwesifo.

esi sifo kubizwa ukuba ukuphumla. isifo samathambo akwenzeki ngokuzenzekelayo kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa okanye iiveki, kwaye kuphuhlisa kancinci. Konke kuqala imvakalelo ukuqina kwi idolo emva kokuba urhulumente lokuphumla elide (umz, emva kokuba ubusuku yokuphumla). Utshintsho kwi imozulu kuvela ubuhlungu echaphazela joint kwedolo. Izifo kule hlobo kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela. Kuba kwisigaba ngasinye esi sifo luphawulwa iimpawu zabo, kodwa kubonakaliswa eliqhelekileyo sifo kuzo zonke izigaba nophuhliso uphawu kabuhlungu.

Inqanaba yophuhliso yesi sifo. ekuxilongweni

Ekuqaleni, kuloo ndawo idolo kubonakala ukudumba, induration, uphawu iintlungu kwenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba iqondo lobushushu umntu kwenyuka.

Uphuhliso ngakumbi isifo samathambo kubandakanya synovium - oko lushwankathela ngenxa nokwahlulwa iiseli esebenzayo arhabaxa.

Xa iimeko eziphambili kwesi sifo kwenzeka umonakalo inyama amathambo, kunye intlala. Kukho iweb eninzi iintlungu, kukho edolweni deformation joint, kophulwa umthetho umsebenzi wakhe motor.

isifo samathambo - isifo kunokuba yingozi, ukuba lunganyangwa, oko kwenzeka ukhubazekile, kwaye kwezinye iimeko - ngokufa. neziphumo ezifanayo zenzeka ngenxa iingxaki kakhulu, nto leyo enika sifo kwezinye amalungu kunye neenkqubo - ukuphuhlisa ukusilela kwezintso, nguye ukunwenwa iinkqubo esosulelayo.

Lokufunyaniswa kwesifo isekelwe iindlela ezininzi:

• zoviwo lwangaphandle, nto leyo eza kunceda ukuchonga iimpawu ezifana ukudumba kwi idolo, ukuba bomvu, sengozini ezicacileyo joint;
• Uhlalutyo ezinto igazi;
• ray.

Pain uphawu isifo samathambo iyapheliswa usebenzisa iziyobisi ukususela nonsteroidal anti-ukudumba. Ukuba ukwenzeka esi sifo lu dityanisiwe ukosuleleka emzimbeni, elwa emiselweyo. Lahla intlungu kunceda yokuthanjiswa rhoqo kwaye Umthambo nezinyangayo.

bursitis

Bursitis - sisifo yokukrala Bursa (bursitis). Pathology kusisiphumo edolweni, kwakunye umsebenzi osisigxina ehlangeneyo ngenxa amandla kakhulu emzimbeni. Bursitis inokuba ngenxa yezifo ezosulelayo. Ngenxa ukudumba kulwelo lwamalunga oluhlala ibhegi kunye microflora eyingozi. Ngokuthe ngcembe kwedolo ubangela iintlungu, kunye noxinzelelo edolweni nje umntu uba nobunzima, kukho imvakalelo ukuqina xa uqhuba. Ehlabathini leziNdlu kwakhiwa Ukudumba appreciable, imilinganiselo owawufikelela-10 cm. Izigulane bursitis yaphawula ukungabi namdla, umkhuhlane, kwezinye iimeko, kungandisa iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni. Bursitis Symptomatology iyafana kakhulu nezinye izifo idolo, xa samathambo ethile. Noko ke, kukho omnye umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi ezimbi mabini. Bursitis walondoloza umsebenzi motor kunye nokukwazi ukwenza flexor kunye extensor intshukumo.

Ukongezelela uhlolo ngokujonga, ukwenza echanileyo afunyaniswe isifo kwaye afumane unyango kwirejimeni ofanelekileyo zisebenza okuhlatywa - ulwelo ukutya ukusuka sac ngeenjongo zophando.

Kwisigaba sokuqala sifo basabela kakuhle kunyango. Therapy iquka Oluma, usonga ezahlukeneyo, alale isigulane iyaboniswa. Ukuba isifo sele ocande nqanaba ezingapheliyo, kubalulekile ukuba ukususa ulwelo accumulated ukusuka edolweni kunye ugeze egumbini.

Igawuthi and Paget ukuba isifo

Igawuthi - sisifo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni wokuchama kwi lomzimba negazi ophezulu uric acid. Imiba ezandisa amathuba sifo zibandakanya kukutya kakhulu inyama kunye nentlanzi, ngokunjalo utywala.

Igawuthi zodidi eyenzeka ebantwini. Isifo eyaboniswa buhlungu elibukhali, kwaqapheleka ulusu kummandla welungu idolo. Xa izihlunu benziwa maqhuqhuva emele awo of uric acid.

Igawuthi bene ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo igazi kwemichiza kunye X-ray. Ngexesha unyango ukongeza amayeza isigulane emiselweyo ukutya ekhethekileyo (ukutya zokutya ezicocekileyo aphezulu purine), emiselweyo ukuphumla emzimbeni nasengqondweni.

Xa isifo Paget lenzeka ukuyilwa ithambo engaqhelekanga, nto leyo amathambo likhubazeke skeleton zaqina kakhulu.

Pathology ivame amathambo elide kweqondo asezantsi, ebangela intlungu emadolweni. Le ukugula kakhulu ochaphazelekayo malunga abantu, ingakumbi abadala.

Ukuhlola isifo akuyondlwan 'iyanetha, kuba kukho iimeko apho isigulane akukho zimpawu ngezifo phawula.

Lokufunyaniswa indima engundoqo edlalwa yi chemistry kwegazi, nto leyo phambi kwesi sifo emzimbeni ibonisa isiqulatho nangakumbi enzayim ethile - phosphatase. Ngaphezu ukuqhuba isifundo X-ray.

Unyango ibandakanya ukunciphisa iingxaki ezibangela izifo Paget kaThixo. Umsebenzi unyango - kakhulu ukuba omeleze amathambo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokuthatha amalungiselelo equlethe calcium. Xa izigulane isifo Paget kufuneka balandele ukutya, yenza unyango umthambo exercise ukuphepha iingozi ezikhokelela waphuka.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku, sahlanganisa iimeko zophendlo lwezifo ezingundoqo echaphazela joint kwedolo. Izifo kwedolo, Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, nokuba ohlukeneyo. Zonke ezi zifo ezininzi edityaniswe iimpawu ezifanayo - ezimbi umntu uba ukuqina kwi intshukumo kunye neentlungu kwindawo yesi sifo isoloko ukufukuka. Ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwezifo, kubalulekile ekuqaleni iliso impilo yabo, nidle okulungileyo, kuphephe ukuyilwa ezimbi lwenkqubo omzimba, kungekhona ukuba umzimba ukuya kwimo ukutyeba.

Yimiqondiso zokuqala zesi sifo kufuneka ungalibali iphulo ukuya ingcali, ngenxa uxilongo ekuqaleni kwesi sifo - isitshixo nokuchacha.