Japan: I Abalimi Imvukelo

Ngowe-1428 kuvukela lithe laqhenqetha emzini Kyoto kunye Nara, IMize. Kawachi, Izumi, esisi-. Abalimi ephanga egciniswe indlu ofisi, abavelisi iwayini (ngenxa) irayisi, nayo abandakanyeke kunenzala. Ukuvukela kwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zeli lizwe, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi kweyona kuphuhliswa kwiindawo central kwezoqoqosho. Inxalenye esaqungeni apho kwaqhutywa nemfuno ukukhupha imimiselo kwi ukupheliswa kwetyala, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa samurai, kodwa kumafama. Okufunwa okuba ukupheliswa kwenkonzo yomsebenzi osisinyanzelo, namanxeba irhafu. Abavukeli bachasa nalwazelelelo yeenkosi feudal kunye namagosa.

Loo iliza of Sasungulwa neziphithiphithi kwenzeka kuphela nje ngenxa yokwanda lunatyiswe amandla th feudal uqhekeko, ngokuba ngumvukeli ngoku sijongene hayi yonke izixhobo karhulumente, yaye ezinye izinduna, ngubani na kaloku kwakusoloko kuyimfazwe phakathi kwezinye. Japan: imvukelo abalimi ...

Kwinkulungwane ukususela ekupheleni XV kunye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI. izazinzulu Japanese esiyibiza "Age of the States elwa" ( "Sengoku Jidai"). Ngenxa yeemfazwe zamakhaya, uninzi iirhuluneli amakhaya bafa, yaye indawo ngokwezindlu ezintsha wobukhosi.

ilifa lokugqibela bekungasoloko ngaphezulu kunalowo fold, kodwa kwindawo enye, kwaye kuzo izidumbu kwinkqubo yasekuhlaleni, kunye nobudlelwane lennye ingumbuso ziye zasekwa nabo bonke abahlala kummandla yeenkosi amancinane kunye naphakathi feudal zaye amatyala. Ngoko ke, ubunini iinkosi ezintsha feudal (daimyo) baba eqinile. Ngomhla ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo daimyo entsha yokuba baqala ukuza nomthetho yabo.

Esinye isizathu sokuba ukunyuka usiko intshukumo yamahlwempu XV kunye XVI eminyaka. yaba ubunye abalimi kwimimandla self-lolawulo, leyo, kutshintshiselwano kuhlawulwe isixa esiqingqiweyo yerhafu izinduna wanikwa ilungelo ukusombulula imicimbi yabo yangaphakathi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukusasazwa phakathi kwamalungu irhafu kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu, komthetho. kwiilali ezininzi xesha waba iiseti yabo imithetho ngohlobo olubhaliweyo. imiba ebalulekileyo zisonjululwe yi kwintlanganiso jikelele kubo bonke abemi lali, ngomhla aloluhlobo ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo wahlawuliswa.

Kwimeko izenzo nxamnye izinduna okanye amagosa zabo, ababolekisa abalimi bahlanganisana etempileni zasekuhlaleni, yaye wathabatha isifungo inxaxheba jikelele kule ntetho. Nditsho elithi Sasungulwa yokuvukela - "ikki", soqobo ibinaso intsingiselo 'mbutho uncedo ofanayo' yaye washukunyiselwa ukuvukela, ngenxa yokuba ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba kwimibutho ezinjalo. Kodwa ekupheleni esinye sezizathu ngokoyiswa umlimi luqhankqalazo waba nomdla kobunye phakathi kwamafama kwizithili inemizana.

Japan: Sasungulwa Soweto