"Ivolovolo" (umpu): imbali, inkcazelo, iimpawu

"Nagan" - ngompu, wadala gunsmiths kubazalwana eBelgium, Emil (1830-1902) kunye noLeon (1833-1900) ivolovolo. Ezi zixhobo kwenziwa kwamanye amazwe XIX ngasekupheleni - mid kwekhulu XX. Kuso izixhobo zomkhosi.

History of indalo

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, amazwe amaninzi aye ucingela malunga rearmament-mkhosi yawo. Ngaloo mihla, le revolvers ezithembisayo: imipu zabucala iingalo ezimfutshane odityanisiweyo elula isixhobo ezaneleyo, ethembekileyo kwaye nande ityala. Ingqwalasela kwimveliso iingalo yaseYurophu isixeko Liege, elise Belgium. Ukususela ngo 1859 uye wasebenza-mveliso of Leon kunye Emile Nagant. Yaba workshop encinane nentsapho, leyo kwakulungiswa guns Dutch kwaye maxa wambi nkqu liphuhlise umpu.

I ivolovolo lokuqala unique ithiwe thaca kwi-umkhuluwa Emil Test isebe Belgian emkhosini. Wagqiba ukusebenzisa njengezixhobo i amagosa igosa and non-wathuma ', obizwa ngokuba "isampuli ivolovolo ngo-1878". Le ngompu 9-mm-1878 yaba elinemivo emithandathu. Its ifakwe "isixhobo ezimbini-isiphumo": ihamile cocked okanye ngesandla utolo, okanye ngokucinezela adubule.

Amagosa Non-wathuma elihamba, owamahashe, inxalenye abangabancedani ye Belgian Army wayekholelwa ukuba "Nagan" - ngompu eliphezulu! Kwaye ngenene, phezu imiyalelo manual womkhosi kunye nesibindi, kwathiwa yenzelwe yi ngompu 9-mm "Nagant M / 1883" kunye iimpawu zokulwa ngabom yathotywa: ". Imo DA" ekwakheni, into entsha, ngaphandle ngokudubula Ngamafutshane, kunye ukudutyulwa Kwakule sampulu waba ihamile cocked emva shot nganye.

Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwenziwa ngakumbi 2-3 loyamano calibers ezahlukeneyo ubude umphanda. Emva kwethuba Emile Nagant ogula kakhulu kwaye walahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo emehlweni akhe. Ngoku umsebenzi lusetyenziswayo kuphuculo isixhobo ozibandakanye Leon Nagant.

isampula 1886

Ngoko ke, sifunda 'ivolovolo ". Gun ngo-1886 ubunzima ngaphantsi kancinane ababengaphambi yayo. Yena ke linokuthenjwa, uyilo iye yempucuko. Le modeli kwi isixhobo aqala imithombo ezine indawo dvuporuyu mnye. Ukongeza, imveliso entsha athathe ingqalelo isiqhelo sokuba zophuhliso izixhobo bejonge bodidi ngokunciphisa: iingcali wakhetha kakhulu ethandwa ngaloo mihla, 7.5 mm ityala nomgubo msi.

Ingxaki ibalulekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe ngayo abathungi revolvers na kwii-gas propellant kulo umsantsa, leyo ibe isiphelo phambi igubu kunye breech kwicandelo umphanda.

Belgian armorer Anri Piper ukufumana isisombululo afanelekayo: 'umnyele kwamamdla yakhe, igubu phambili phambi ukudubula. Ivolovolo Henri waba isakhiwo okhethekileyo, kwakukho imbumbulu ifihlakeleyo ngokupheleleyo emkhonweni, emkhonweni obturator bakhonza Dultsev ukuba iigesi umgubo kwasasazwa kwaye icinezelwe nxamnye umjelo isiqu ngephanyazo kulo ivolibholi - oku kuthintele igesi nhlanganiso.

Le lula ulawulo kunye isixhobo encomekayo utyhalelwa phezu igubu umphanda, Leon Naganov isicelo kunyaka 1892. Phantsi ivolovolo entsha imodeli ke iyaphuhliswa emkhonweni isigxina, mayixhotyiswe dulcitol elide. Koko uye waba 'ivolovolo "? Ngoku lo ngompu sele ngumzekelo nje omnye, kunye neemodeli ezilandelayo ayahlukanga kangako kubume.

device

Zonke revolvers 'ivolovolo' abe isiseko kunye neempawu ezifana:

• Icebo aqala ivumela isiphumo kabini ukudubula njengokuba kunye ihamile cocked, yaye self-cocking. Ezi nketho kuphela "amajoni" kunye "NCOs" yoyilo pre-mbuso, apho indlela self-cocking ivaliwe ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa emthethweni.
• Monolithic isakhelo esinye-sifuba.
• Door, lokuvula amagumbi gubhu ukujikeleza lateral. Kuphela nje isampuli ye-1910 apho kukutshintshatshintsha ucango emva kunye oyiyekayo igubu, zithambekele ilungelo.
• Umphanda for elakhiwe abazizithulu ziqinisiwe kwisakhelo.
• Ramrod ihleli leHamas isikhundla esqwini isigubhu. Ke yagqitywa sokudubula umsebenzi extractor - Ukubatywa wachitha nemoto.
• Isixhobo yafakwa isakhelo kwaye closable cover nembasa.

Isigubhu kwaye lisebenza engoovimba, kwaye egumbini ngexesha elifanayo. Xa kakhulu kwezi kwisampula 1895 yaye ezininzi iinguqulelo igubu yayo iyawasusa iintlawulo 7. Enyanisweni, isakhelo ngaphambili ifakiwe igubu axis nomgodi ezikhuselekileyo noko shompolnye ityhubhu. Le tube ibekwe phambi kwe igubu: ibizwa iqhotyoshelwe entanyeni stem ukuze spin phezu kwayo, zozibini esqwini. Iisampulu apho igubu zityhalelwa ngaphaya wompu, owayesakuba iyakwazi ukukunyanzela lokubuya, apho ekwakhiweni yi tube igubu kunye emthonjeni.

Icebo lwekeyboard igubu eqhotyoshelweyo kwicala ekunene yesakhelo. umsebenzi wayo lwenziwa yi ucango spring-zilayishwe. Xa ivuliwe (ibheke ecaleni) unako ingagcwaliswa okanye yehle isikhali. Xa luvaliwe ucango - oko ivale ethole, ekuthinteleni kwentlawulo kuwa, yaye ngenxa igubu wakhe akakwazi igeza ebalwa.

"Nagan" Battle kwi igubu iye iindlwane ezisixhenxe zamaqula ezifunekayo emnyango kongqameko kwindawo esekhusini nevulelekileyo.

Ngokubanzi mechanism ivolovolo kakhulu akhiwa amalungu esebenza njengendlela uvala ukujika igubu umphanda ezayo: lwesityibilikisi breech, le pawl umlobothi wakho, 'umnyele kunye mainspring. Ezi ziquka kunye nendlela kubangela.

Kwenzeka, ngelo xesha icebo yayiquka iimpukane kufakwa kwi isabelo buti ngaphambili kunye emehlweni ngasemva, kumngxunyana ejolise kokuba isakhelo phezulu. Iyonke isixhobo ivolovolo ngo-1895 eziqokelelwe izakhi 39.

Le fowuni kubangela

Esi sixhobo ifakwe umnyele umnyele, inyathelo kabini. Ngelo xesha ukwavelisa onobuhle asibambe, inyathelo elinye. Kule fowuni kobethileyo leyo pivotally zixhonywe senyanga, spring leaf combat apha - dvuporaya na ukuphatha.

Le ivolovolo kubhenca kusenziwa kunye adubule. Fuse akakho; kodwa ukuba anithanga ukutsala 'umnyele, kukho into ekhethekileyo avumele pin ukudutyulwa ukuza wawumdibanisa philisi. Ukuba adubule na cocked, usebenzisa indlela ekhethekileyo na utshixo, hambisa igubu izixhobo phambili. Adubule kweli xesha umise igubu ukuze ungabinako uphendule.

iipropati ballistic

Yintoni ukuchana kwi ivolovolo "Nagan"? Le emehlweni isixhobo elijongene imiselwe ku kumgama 25 m. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kumgama ezijolise ingongoma ingqamana iziphumo phakathi. amathuba ezahlukeneyo liyi ukuchaneka ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo hits komlilo;

Umgama m		nesinqe		ngeengalo
11		4.0		7.0
18		5.6		9.0
25		7.2		13
36		11		19
50		14		-

Nangamandla emfazwe

Ngokutsho packet iibhodi ngcu kunye Ebubanzini 2,54 cm kunye amanyathelo amathathu anesihlanu (25 eemitha) lubekw 'esweni umthondo iibhodi-3 - 100% ye iimbumbulu, iibhodi-4 - 70%, iibhodi-5 - 25%. Iibhodi zibekwe kumgama 8 cm omnye komnye. Enye kwakubhalwe ngenqindi mgama ukuya ezingamakhulu amabini amanyathelo (140 m).

production

Russian Izhevsk iingalo mveliso iveza ngoku revolvers kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa Swedish "Nagan" isampuli ngo-1887 yenziwe eBelgium. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo isampuli 9-mm-1878 sele gqi umkhosi yaseBelgium. Oku kube negalelo popularization le mveliso brand "ivolovolo" kwimarike yehlabathi.

Umpu efanayo, wadala 1895, kwakunye ezahlukeneyo zayo, wavelisa izixhobo zocweyo ezininzi kulo lonke ihlabathi, ezizezi Russian iingalo Imperial mveliso e Tula, isixeko Polish Radom, i isiJamani "Enel" e Suhl, Belgian "kulepage", " Frankot "yaye" Bayard "," Arizmendi-Goenaga "eSpeyin kunye nabanye.

"Nagan" ezaxhobela imfazwe Russian

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX uBukhosi Russian wathabatha rearmament omkhulu zomkhosi. Mosin umpu, wakhululwa ngowe-1891, wakhethwa njengoko iingalo standard amancinci. Ngelo xesha, eRussia zimelwe imipu eziphelelwe sample 4.2-linear (-10.67 mm) Smith & Wesson ngompu System III, ziphuhliswe 1880s.

Nkqu neKomishoni ukuveliswa afohlela amancinci-ukuvuleka, nto leyo elikhokelwa uLieutenant-General N. G. Chagin, ujoyine khangela iisampuli isithembiso. Loo nto inika umdla ivolovolo umkhosi omtsha mfuno zilandelayo:

• Isimanga amandla kokuma. Ngaloo mihla, uhlobo engundoqo mahashe ngoko wadubula kwi umgama olusebenzayo (amanyathelo ukuya ku-50) ukuze knock phantsi ihashe.
• "Amandla idabi" kufuneka yanele ukuba atyhudise iibhodi ngcu 4-5-intshi. ubunzima ephantsi (0.82-0.92 kg).
• Ukuvuleka, ulwalathiso, inani, iprofayili ye-rifling le umphanda kunye ezifana kufuneka twatse-line-parameters Mosin umpu. Ngenxa yoko, ukudala revolvers, ungasebenzisa i umpu iziqu alusebenzi.
• Ivolovolo unako mayixhotyiswe badubula self-cocking, kungenjalo ziya kugxagxiseka ukuchana.
• Velocity yokuqala bullet kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi 300 m / s.
• Xa umpu kufuneka abe khona ukuchana esihle.
• Kuyimfuneko ukuba icebo elula zobugcisa.
• Omakhwapheni kufuneka oluthembekileyo, ongenandaba ukungcola iimeko ezimbi yokusebenza, elula ukugcina.
• Enemikhono kufuneka idayi hayi ngaxeshanye kodwa yanjalo.
• indlela ejoliswe ziya kuzotywa ukuze isikhokelo yeflayithi bullet bawele umnombo emehlweni kumgama 35 amakhono.
• Igubu kufuneka abekwe ityala ubuncinane ezisixhenxe.
• Chuck ukuba waba bullet iqokobhe, nobhedu esisangqa umkhono kunye msi powder.

Ngokubanzi, nokuzeyisa cocking ukudutyulwa kunye nokususwa ngaxeshanye neekhatriji bachitha kwaliwa izicelo zabo kuba nzima isixhobo (oku kunempembelelo elibi ukuthembeka kunye nexabiso ivolovolo) kwaye ikhokelela kukutya kakhulu emthethweni.

Ngu zokupapashwa ukhuphiswano kunye nesicelo kunethuba elikhulu ukuba nomdla omkhulu izixhobo basekhaya kunye abakroli angaphandle. Kwakukho models umpu eziliqela & Wesson Smith, revolvers kunye avtopistolety. Ekupheleni umlo kakhulu baqala gunsmiths Belgian Anri Piper M1889 model with "Bayard" uLeon Nagant M1892 kunye. Hi ndlela leyi, umoya ngompu mihla "Nagan Gletcher NGT» yi umfanekiso yemodeli, leyo waphumelela kolu khuphiswano.

Leon Nagant etshintshiweyo imveliso yabo Russian-7.62 mm ukuvuleka. Njengaku-1883, wabubhangisa badubula self-cocking, onakalise umgangatho kwezixhobo ngokungqinelana kunye namabango olu khuphiswano.

revolvers ezintandathu kunye semizaryadnye - iinketho ababini ecetywayo kuphela. imodeli Pieper iye sakhatywa ngenxa massiveness kunye unreliability kwefowuni. Olu khuphiswano afunyanwa yi Leon Nagant, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ukuba amaqhina kwi Russian yoKhuselo Ubulungiseleli ekwakukudala-lusekiwe.

Ivolovolo ukuba ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba ivolovolo iphendukile ixabiso 75 000 engange. Wayengakwazi ukufumana imali, njengoko walelwa. Kwaphinde umdlalo re-ezicwangcisiweyo, kodwa kwemiqathango ezingaqondakaliyo. Ngoku, ukongeza Ipharamitha Prize: amabini amawaka engange ngeyunithi iingalo nganye anesihlanu amawaka kwisakhiwo isigxina. Ukongeza, lowo uphumeleleyo kwafuneka ukuba ukunika usana lwam kubunini ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente Russian, ezifumene ilungelo sivelise, yaye ilizwe labo nakwamanye amazwe ngaphandle nayiphi na intlawulo umsunguli.

Piper kukhuphiswano wabonisa kwakhona hlulwa nge revolvers eyahlukileyo oluzenzekelayo. IKomishoni ingqalelo kubo "ezingafanelekanga, kodwa iminkqangiyelo." Ivolovolo S. I. Mosina kunye neziqu kwezithandathu nazo zingamkelwa. Ipolishi umpu Nagano izixhobo baba kangako. Saqhuba uvavanyo lothelekiso kunye umpu 4.2-linear Smith & Wesson, kwaye samkelwa icebo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, emva kokuba amagosa izilingo ababefuneka ukuba umpu kunye nefuthe kabini self-cocking kunye ukudubula.

Le Komishoni wabuyela uguqulelo self-cocking ye bebekwisampulu, kodwa wabona impumelelo ngokungagungqiyo, ngoko ndagqiba kwelokuba ngemipu Russia Kufuneka kwakhona guns ezinjalo: self-cocking zamagosa kunye zangasese kunye namagosa non-wamthuma - nesamovzvodny.

Icebo wenza utshintsho ezimbalwa kwaye samkelwa kuyo entwasahlobo ka-1895. Holster for "Nagano" lesi sihlahla owenziwe ngelaphu. It Roma yesikhumba nomtya-trenchikom kunye ramrod nokucoca izixhobo.

Meyi 13, 1895 umthetho ka uNicholas II of "igosa" yaye "lijoni" "Nagan" iisampulu umpu zamkelwa yi umkhosi Russian. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isebe wamajoni izixhobo ezo ngoJuni 1896 yamkelwe ngokusesikweni inkonzo.

kokulungiswa

inkathazo enkulu kakhulu ukufumana imvume afohlela - kuyimfuneko ukuba yokucima iiklasi ezininzi. Kwaye abaninzi abakwazi ukwenza, ukuze abantu babe Pneumatic. Kodwa musani kuba yimizekelo kuphazamiseke uluhlu lwe ivolovolo Akumangalisi "Nagan". Nazi ke:

• Nagant M1910 - 1910 isampuli Belgian isixhobo konyaka. It has utsalo ngaxeshanye neekhatriji bachitha.

imodeli Ukulwa:

• Soldier "Nagan" - izikhali-kwinkulungwane yama-20 mihle kunye isixhobo kubangela nesamovzvodny. imveliso yawo yaphela ngo-1918.
• "Ivolovolo", wadala nababhali, ifakwe isixhobo self-cocking kubangela.
• Phambi amagwegwe World kwenziwa amalungiselelo amajoni umda kwi imali encinane: carbine iphoswe integrally kunye ndandisisigculelo kunye nobude Umphanda 300 mm kunye ivolovolo kunye umhlana detachable kwaye umphanda kwandiswa ukuya 200 mm.
• "Ivolovolo" wadala ukuba abathetheli, ukuba ivolovolo ngobuwena compact senzelwe concealable. Isiqu sawo kuyehla 85 mm kunye nomqheba we iyanqanyulwa. Isampulu yasungulwa 1927. Yavelisa ngokwamaqela amancinane de-1932. Total wavelisa 25 000 iziqwenga ezi mveliso. Ngokutsho imodeli kwamagosa abaxhobileyo OGPU kunye NKVD.
• Kuba kwesimo kunye ngabom nomkhosi ngo-1929 yayiyilwe yi ngompu kunye silencer -equipped silencers umatshini "Bram", ngaphandle imbonakalo edangatyeni. abazalwana yenzelwe IG kunye VG Mitin.
• Nagant wz. 30 - izixhobo ezenzelwe ivolovolo ngo-1895, wenza izibonda. Ukusukela ngo-1930 ukuya 1939 wakha serially e Radom kwi-mveliso iingalo. Total Poland livelise iziqwenga-20,000 revolvers 'ivolovolo "iisampulu ezimbini: Ng wz.30 kunye Ng wz.32.

Sport models - isixhobo kwinkulungwane yama-20

Ezi mveliso ezimangalisayo:

• Uqeqesho ivolovolo Nagant-eSmirna uqeqesho, yasungulwa ngo-1926. mqambi wayo A. A. Smirnsky. Ukususela ngowe-1925 ukuya kunyaka 1939 ezi mveliso eyenziweyo iziqwenga 3,500 phantsi rimfire isigxina 5.6 mm.
• "Nagan" ivolovolo idaliwe ukuba lo mdlalo 1953. mqambi wayo VA Paramonov. Le isampuli yaveliswa ukususela 1956 ukuya 1966. Iyonke amaqhosha 8220 MC-4 kunye MC yaveliswa-4-1.
• TOZ-36 - bexhamla iingalo kunyaka isampula 1962. Le modeli yenzelwe EL Haydurov.
• TOZ-49 - isampulu ngompu ngo-1972, kwenziwa kuba mdlalo. Its eyenzelwe EL Haydurov. Kuye anciphise igubu phantsi iCartridge 7,62H26 kwanciphisa mm.
• TOZ-96 yi ukhetho ngaphandle TOZ-49 ngaphantsi kwentlawulo 32 S & W Long Wadcutter. It bokwenziwa ukususela ngo-1996.

Ezemidlalo kunye nemizekelo nokuzingela

Kwaye ngoku khangela izixhobo ezi sampuli zilandelayo:

• Carbine Korea-22 "Ukhozi" ngumzekelo isityholo ukuguquka .22 LR. Le ivolovolo "ivolovolo" zixhotyiswe umphanda elide kwi-500 mm, iinkuni kunye neenkuni ngesa- lempundu integrally uphoswe. Le mveliso ubunzima 2 kg. Ukuze wenze oko kwaqala ngo-2010.
• Ivolovolo "beNdudumo" kukuba imodeli uguqulelo, ziveliswe inkampani Ukrainian "SBM". Le umpu lezemidlalo phantsi isigxina-4 mm Flaubert wadala kuqeqesho.

izixhobo zokhuselo Civil

Yintoni i "ivolovolo" kubuhlungu kunye negesi? Xa kowama-2000, oomahluko eziliqela ezi pistols ababenziwe, ziveliswe ngokutshintsha zilwe "Naganov".

1. In Russian ukuvelisa izixhobo Uyalwa ilandelayo: P1 kwi trauma "Naganych" phantsi isigxina 9 mm kunye R. A. HPE-502 'ivolovolo-M "phantsi isigxina 10H32 mm T phantsi intlawulo yenkonzo RS trauma 10H23 mm T.
2. E Ukraine, irhasi eveliswe umothuko kunye pistols "Brigade", "ngamasondo 1 R", "D-Nagant" ezimfutshane "SKAT 1Rk" yaye "Russian Federation ivolovolo."
3. air ngompu "Nagan Gletcher NGT» senziwe USA. Le gas-cylinder kwiwele ivolovolo kaHomer.

Enkosi iimfuno lwasenkundleni, isixhobo isixhobo, ukudubula iimbumbulu irabha, kwakukho utshintsho ethintela ezase endizixunayo.

Uphawu (umsindo) imifuziselo

• HPE-503 "Nagan-S" ( "Bluff") - uphawu ngompu phantsi le chap "Zhevelo". Made Vyatskiye Polyansky "Molot" isityalo ehlotyeni ka-2006.
• "Ivolovolo MR-313" (Nagano-07). Kwakule sampulu, xa kuthelekiswa ne "Bluff" kancincane isixhobo stem ikepusi (stub entsha y imisele nobunzima kakhulu). Le modeli kufakwa ezincinci-ubukhulu buti, yena engekho kwisakhelo inani lothotho kwi breech yesakhelo yokugaya umphanda hayi zaveliswa.

"Nagan MR-313" lixhotyiswe igubu, inani esiqela lingayifumenanga dibanisa ukuya kwinani kwi kwisakhelo. ivolovolo sleeve phantsi "Zhevelo" nto licinezelwe wandisa emagumbini, kwaye ziqinisiwe kungena umsonto.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngo-2008, i "izando" ukuveliswa kwezi revolvers ajika wafudukela Izhevsk ezingalweni mveliso.

• P-2 - a kweesiginali isixhobo phantsi le chap "Zhevelo", imodeli elandelayo emva "Bluff" kunye MR-313. Umenzi lo Inkxalabo Kalashnikov.

Okokugqibela, ukuba lazy kakhulu ukufumana imvume zokuzenzela (abaninzi abantu abafana tape ebomvu), unako ukuthenga imidlalo "Nagant" phantsi isigxina Flaubert. Ezi mveliso ke ugxothwe elikhulu, ngokugqibeleleyo ezikhusela izinja musa ifuna imvume ukwenzela ukuthenga usinxibe.