"Ivolovolo" (ivolovolo): nokubalulwa kunye nokulungalungiswa mihla

Xa bengqondo, kukho uvavanyo ebizwa ngokuba "uluhlu associative" - oku xa kukho umntu uthi igama okanye ukubonisa umfanekiso, yaye oko kufuneka ngokuba ilizwi elo inxulunyaniswa ukumelwa yakhe into. Umzekelo, "nembila" - "Wolf", "imvula" - "sidibanise '. Yaye yintoni na umbutho kwenzeka xa abantu elithi 'umpu "? Xa ngaba umbuzo wacela abahlali US, impendulo zinjani, "Smith kunye Wesson", yaye ukususela abantu elalisakuba yiSoviet Union uyakwazi ukuva impendulo enye kuphela - a ivolovolo. Ivolovolo - The Legend of kwizizukulwana ezininzi. Zonke bhanya osemqoka malunga lokuQala Second World Wars, malunga zamaqela emigulukudu kunye nee-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho - zonke wasebenzisa ivolovolo. Onke amakhwenkwe, abafundi, ubaxelele ivolovolo cishe, akazange litsole elokuba esi ivolovolo, kwaye adubule kunjalo wabuza.

Yonke le nto yaqala iimfuno iimpawu yokusebenza ivolovolo

Ngokwembali, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba umkhosi Russian akazange avumele gunsmiths zasekuhlaleni iingalo mfutshane kufihlwa ngophatho. Ngelo xesha, wasebenzisa ivolovolo "Smith kunye Wesson", nto leyo baqhuba kakuhle emfazweni Russian-Turkish, kodwa ubunzima bayo kunye nokusebenza enamandla eyashiya ukuba ezinqwenelekayo. Kuba ilizwe libe rhoqo ungquzulwano, ukukhusela imida yayo bangaphathwa wemikhosi yotshaba, sase self-cocking le isixhobo nomlilo kwi imigama emifutshane. bamabutho Russian emkhosini abaqalise ithenda elikhulu ixesha zonke izixhobo ngumyili eYurophu. Lo msebenzi kwakungelula, kodwa ngenxa yokuba lo ivolovolo (ivolovolo) ibe yeyona ndawo inkulu ehlabathini kwimveliso ehlabathini waza wafumana ilivo phakathi iingcali yezixhobo. Kwakukho abo phakathi kwawo:

1. Ivolovolo inento abaneemitha 35 ukumisa ihashe, nokuba kumgama efanayo Babesinqinda ezinesiqingatha nesithandathu iibhodi intshi.
2. Velocity kuwugcina ngokuwubopha kufuneka ingaphezulu kwe 300 intshizi ngesekondi.
3. ivolovolo mass kufuneka ingadluli kilograms.
4. Ukuvuleka kufuneka imigca emithathu - 7,62 mm kwimigangatho ezintsha.
5. umthamo Drum kufuneka ibe ngaphezu umgangatho ngexesha kwimijikelo emithandathu.
6. wasetyenziswa msi wompu, yaye njengoko izinto emalifakwe ngobhedu kwisingxobo.

Kubavelisi ukubeka phambili inani elikhulu iimfuno, kodwa ubukhulu becala echaza iimpawu yokusebenza izixhobo ezikhoyo, nto leyo eye isetyenziswe yi umkhosi wamajoni Russian.

gunsmiths ubuqili unekhono Belgian immortalized kwendalo yazo kangangeenkulungwane

gunsmiths Belgian Leon kunye Emile, Nagano, lo gama sele liphuhlise ivolovolo. Noko ke, ivolovolo yabo bodidi kwaba 5,45 mm, kwaye ezintandathu kuphela imijikelo waye igubu. Abazalwana baya iqhinga - ukwenza revolvers zokuhlola ezimbini, wazinika ukuya Russian Tsar, bonke abalungiseleli kunye neentloko zomkhosi. Ithenda kuba gunsmith ukhetho iphelile, kwaye yaqala. Nokuba kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ukuba niyinikele revolvers gunsmiths yaseYurophu ayikwazanga beat inkqubo gun, "ivolovolo".

Ukuze azalisekise zonke iimfuno zabathengi, le abayili kwafuneka ukwenza igubu entsha imijikelo ezisixhenxe nokunyusa zizicatshulwa bullet, esebenzisa iziqu indlela emithathu shotgun. Ukuzaliseka yonke imiqathango yesivumelwano, abazalwana Nagan iminyaka emithathu abapapashi amabini amawaka revolvers umkhosi Russian yaye yaqinisekisa ivolovolo imveliso kwi Tula Arms Plant.

gunsmiths Belgian likwabonelele iinguqulelo ezimbini indalo yakhe. Kancinci ukutshintsha isixhobo ivolovolo, zenza ukuze ivolovolo babeza kuba kunye indlela self-cocking, kwakunye manual usethe kubangela. Olu tshintsho ngayo ixabiso ivolovolo. Ngoko ke, lo joni esiqhelekileyo wayefanele cocking ngomnwe ngexesha umlo, kunye namagosa bafumana self-cocking esi sixhobo.

ludumo World iminyaka eliqela

Emva kokufunda sokuzoba Patent Naganov umpu, nayiphi gunsmith na lokuyivelisa ngaphandle umgudu omkhulu. Emva kokuba ivolovolo isixhobo 'ivolovolo "lula nayiphi okhuphisanayo efanayo. kweminyaka eliqela kamva, imimandla US, Umzantsi Melika naseYurophu yaqala ukubonakala enegama elifanayo nge iimbumbulu ukuncipha ivolovolo abanjalo. Noko ke, yonke indlela iyafana kakhulu Tula umpu - ivolovolo. Iifoto ezithathwe abezindaba kwenkulungwane, kungqina oko:

1. indlela aqala Self-cocking, wazithwala ihamile batsale adubule.
2. Monolithic, hayi yokusonga isakhelo ivolovolo.
3. Shompolnye ityhubhu kwi indawo ukudutyulwa kubuyiswe ngaphakathi esqwini isigubhu.
4. Kwiglasana ebethelelwa kwisakhelo kwi umphanda elakhiwe vuphukuphuku.
5. Indlela yonke badubula imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwisakhelo livale iqweqwe asuswayo.
6. msi powder Used.

Kwelinye icala, ngenxa ukuthandwa ngasekuphumeni ivolovolo kwihlabathi yaye, ngokunjalo, imveliso ngobuninzi, kananjalo holster yesikhumba enkulu ukuba ivolovolo. amaxwebhu Historical zibonisa ukuba kumaxesha ombuso holster wayengekho. Noko ke, ukuba sithethe ivolovolo yemveliso e Serbia, kwabonakala kuye holster, kanye loo wasebenzisa Red Army.

abaphangi Sixhobo uhla and Red

Xa sijonga imbali, nokuba incwadi, imovie okanye video documentary kwindawo yokuqala, unako ukuzoba ingqalelo yokusilela neentlobontlobo enkulu kwezixhobo ezivela belligerents. Machine gun "Mxim", Mosin umpu, kanye ethandwa isixhobo - ivolovolo. Ivolovolo nokubanjwa amajoni ababebandakanyekile imbambano. Nayiphi emkhosini waqinisekisa izixhobo ezincinane emfazweni, kokukhona ukufumana izixhobo eziyimfuneko izixhobo zakhe ukulwa. Ukuphelisa kufuneka izixhobo, izinto kulo nokuqina kwayo. Xa ucinga ukuba wokucoca disassembling umpu "ivolovolo" senziwa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, oku isizathu sokuba ebethanda bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwembambano.

De ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kakhulu kwaye ethile kuphela ukuntsonkotha ivolovolo ngokunqakraza umnyele le shot imveliso. lula kombisa lokudubula ngezandla ezimbini ngaxeshanye bubuxoki ngelo xesha. Jonga indlela ofanayo zibe film "Ngekati abaphindezeli".

Le isixhobo best for SMERSH

Ukususela ekuqaleni Second World War ukuya Cuba enomjukujelwa nengxaki ka-1962 gunsmiths Soviet inani elikhulu labantu pistols kunye revolvers zaye zaphuhliswa, bazama phambili ngezangqa zomkhosi. Kuqikelelwa misfire ngexesha uvavanyo zokudubula kuluhlu, ngoko Tula Tokarev 7.62mm ixesha ndingaziwa elide waxinga kwiilebhu ezingalweni mveliso. Noko ke, akuba wabonakala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, a TT ngompu 7,62 mm iye isixhobo othandwayo-mthetho, ngenxa ixabiso layo liphantsi, nokuzingisa egqwesileyo kunye namandla kakhulu eyingozi.

Iinkokheli kurhulumente, le amagosa obungqondi GRU, iintlola kwakunye NKVD wasebenzisa kwabo ivolovolo ngcono ehlabathini. Gun "ngompu" unenzondelelo iinguqulelo ezininzi. On belingana ngompu aqhelekileyo kwiMyuziyam zinokufunyanwa a ivolovolo kunye silencer nelangatye arrestor kubasebenzi Smersh kunye GRU. De kube ngoku, abaqokeleli izixhobo bafuna ngompu-carbine, nto leyo ibiya amajoni umda aze avunyelwe ukuba kulwa kuluhlu elide.

isixhobo oluthandayo imfazwe ngexesha loxolo

Ekupheleni Second World War zonke izixhobo ezisetyenziswa amajoni mu lupwa kuthinjwa lutshaba, apho ibekwe kwiidepho zomkhosi of ezininzi eSoviet. Eli lizwe ukwakha nokuphuhlisa ngokomoya kunye nezemidlalo. Kuyinto ngenxa kuphuhliso lwemidlalo kwi-USSR iingcamango umpu 'ivolovolo ". Izimvo ex-ekuliwa njengandoda owandixelelayo ukuba kujoliswe wadubula ngompu engcono akukho ngaphezu kokuba ivolovolo. Xa ucinga ukuba kule banesifo sele phantsi uphuhliso ivolovolo ukuvuleka 5.6 mm (ngaphantsi amandla atshabalalisayo), kwaye wakhululwa inani elithile. Ukuvuleka 5.6 mm armourers Russian kwakungekho entsha, njengoko livela kwi ivolovolo "Smith kunye Wesson", iinjengele Russian kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuze benze into entsha saye satshintsha kuphela imiphanda namagubu. Ngoko kwakukho ukuze ezemidlalo ngokudubula iiklabhu revolvers 'ivolovolo ", kunye bodidi ka-5.6 mm. Ke bona trehlineyki, aguqulwa yi zizicatshulwa 5.6 mm, ifumene mveliso ukumakisha TOZ, ekuthiwa yi ngabantu "melkashki". ukuchana High, bahlehla ephantsi kakhulu, ukugcinwa lula kwaye uluhlu abalibona enkulu - iimpawu ezenza ukuba ivolovolo (ivolovolo) amancinci wamzalela ingathengwa kufunyanwa kuzo amaqela ezemidlalo kunye nezixhobo eentloko ezaxhobela zangaphakathi.

Tshintsha ibhokisi yokukhangela kwi umpu ngexesha lokwazisa

It is akwaziwa ukuba ingcamango endaweni iflegi ekuqaleni lencinibakazi weembaleki kwi edubuleyo evela ivolovolo, kodwa ngompu eqala kuzo zonke kukhuphiswano wasebenzisa ivolovolo. Uphuhliso imi--30 ngaphantsi zizicatshulwa 5.6 mm sibe luncedo apha. Le iCartridge kutshintshwe ngokupheleleyo Zhevelo, leyo amandla ngokwaneleyo ukudlala shot elikhulu. System usebenzisa Zhevelo zaguqulwa nokudubula ezithile, ngoko kwakukho uphawu gun "ivolovolo". izakulahleka ukusuka emarikeni phambi ekuweni yiSoviet Union zibe ngokupheleleyo bakholelwe abantu ngelo xesha revolvers ngaphambili. Kodwa ivolovolo lula bakhuphisane indawo kwi yingqokelela labucala.

Ukuba ukhangela, kangangenkulungwane kokuba yavelisa inani elikhulu zokuguqulwa le ivolovolo, leyo, ukuba iimpawu yokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke isetyenziswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela aqala ezendeleyo ivolovolo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kade, ayitshintshanga kwaphela.

izixhobo ezibuhlungu njengenyathelo ubunzima ivolovolo

isixhobo Zobungangamela, uzuza kuphela amavo, kodwa ufumana abalandeli abafuna ukuthenga ngokwam babe izixhobo odumileyo ngokusemthethweni. Yiloo nto kanye yenziwe traumatic umpu "ivolovolo". Ukuvuleka Iimbumbulu irabha lehla ngokomlinganiselo 5,45 mm, njengokuba 7,62 mm rubber kwibhulethi ngokulungileyo ejolise nangoku ukuba ayeke ihashe. Kwakhona, ukunciphisa amandla kokuniswa ndiyindla ivolovolo ukunyamezela kakhulu, kwaye ukusuka umpu ivolovolo waya kungena nshila imipu smoothbore. Loo ukuguqulwa ngezikrweqe edume akazange ayithande abalandeli, kodwa ngenxa yokunqongophala analogue kwafuneka ukuba sanele zizinto esinazo.

Athandwa ivolovolo lakha yokusebenza nangoku eliphezulu kakhulu. Ukongeza, umpu esibuhlungu, efana lokuqala, nangoku luphinde ludubuleke iimbumbulu ngeendleko iigesi lomgubo, nangenxa abalandeli umlo izixhobo ivolovolo kolu guqulelo lubaluleke ngaphezu umpu ukuba imilibo ngomoya. Ngexesha wabonakala ngexesha elifanayo umpu "ivolovolo" womoya zibe abathengi akazange nakancinane alibale ngezinto ezi zixhobo kaHomer.

Shoot - ukuze adubule

I Izhmash Inkxalabo odumileyo, nto leyo eyaziwa Bulelani ehlabathini ukuya kwimveliso Kalashnikov afohlela, ukususela 1942 inxaxheba kwimveliso kunye Ukuphuculwa umpu 'ivolovolo ". Enyanisweni, ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II Tula Arms ifektri bakhutshwe ku Izhevsk. Yaye ebudeni kwawa yiSoviet Union, ngenxa nokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle, inkampani ukwanda umthamo wayo.

Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngexesha namhlanje waba ithandwa kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa imipu emoyeni. Womoya gun "ivolovolo" ngokukhawuleza wafumana kubathengi bayo kunye nabalandeli. Ngaphandle ifana kakhulu ekupheleni yokuqala kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Kodwa uviwo eneenkcukacha kunokubonwa ukuba umqheba integrated segesi ukwazi. Iindonga umphanda, ngokuchaseneyo eludongeni yokuqala obhityileyo kakhulu unawo uphawu ivolovolo 'ivolovolo' efanayo kwelinye iinguqulelo ngaphambili.

Musa ukulibala malunga abaqokeleli

Imfuno ukuba ivolovolo, kufutshane kangangoko neloqobo, akuzange kulunciphise phakathi kubaqokeleli. Ngoku asikwazi kuthi ncam kutheni lasungula umpu uphawu "ngompu MP-313" kwinginginya, ngaphandle kokuthetha kunye nabaqokeleli owaziwayo. Enkqonkqoza besila namba, ebangela phezu lweenkobe ibala laser yokumakisha "izimvu" zesityalo, umenzi wenze yabulibala gun ixabiso zembali, yayimdimaza umqokeleli ukuba abe ivolovolo. Ukubona indlela imarike ye-isixhobo esitsha, i-Group iye yatshintsha ubugcisa bemveliso. Ngoko kwakukho uphawu gun "ngompu P-2". Ukushiya inombolo lokuzalwa mshini serial, logo mveliso ifumaneka kwi ngasemva umpu.

Emva kokuba befunde ncomo umthengi esibi wazala umphanda, umenzi akazange ukutshintsha ubukhulu lwangaphakathi isicheme umphanda. Ukonakala ivolovolo ukuze izikhusele zokudubula iimbumbulu live wadubula ngeendlela ezimbini - igubu ongabanga ukuya kwi-10 mm, esongeza phantsi Zhevelo ukufaka kwaye Umphanda ngokusebenzisa isakhelo kwicala lasekunene kwaye ifakwe big kugrunjwa. Isikhonkwane sangqa 8 mm welding, ukuba umzimba sanded ngocoselelo phantsi ecaleni buthelezi.

Kodwa yintoni Flaubert?

Flaubert ukuvuleka iCartridge kunye 4 mm ocacisa pool ukukhawulezisa amandla iigesi powder angabhalwanga baziswa kwi FSU. Xa mntu yokuqala bakholelwa ukuba akukho mfuneko phantsi iCartridge Flaubert bukaThixo mvume, ngoko 4 mm ukuvuleka wavuswa ehleka. Kodwa sijamelene neengxaki ukunyusa isantya lokuqala bullet e ngemipu womoya, apho mhlawumbi u xi cylinder iphantsi, okanye emthonjeni ayinakugobeka ngokwaneleyo, abathengi bahlawula ingqalelo izinto ezintsha. Ke ukubonakala kwenkqubo gun, "ivolovolo" zawo ukuba Flaubert negalelo ekukhuleni kwemfuneko umpu omkhulu onjalo kwimarike ezingalweni.

Yaba umpu idabi oko ukuvumela ukuba ukubulala okanye yenzakalise umntu, ukudubula iimbumbulu ngeendleko amandla iigesi ibe luthuthu ayifuni imvume nabasemagunyeni. Yinto nje liphupha. ukuthenga Zobungangamela - ngokuba yingqokelela zasekhaya kwezixhobo, ngokunjalo izinto yaphandle.

Nagan and Modding

Xa sijonga lo mkhuba zenkulungwane yama-21, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba phakathi abanini umpu ukuguqulwa ethandwayo iimveliso, zombini abangaboniyo nokuphucula iimpawu yokusebenza. Ukuphuculwa lokuqala wabhenca ngesiphatho ivolovolo. Njengoko izinto ezisetyenziswa iinkuni oqingqiweyo, PCB, iglasi eziphilayo ngeepateni dummy okanye metal nonferrous. Kuba ngobuciko elungileyo kunye nokuchaneka lokudubula ivolovolo unako mayixhotyiswe umhlana ukusonga. Le isisombululo akayi batole emoyeni, yaye kugxininiswa, njenge umpu, nto leyo luncedo ngethuba uqeqesho ukudubula.

Ukuphucula iimpawu yokusebenza esekwe yi-laser, woqondo okanye collimator izinto, kuyanceda ukuphucula ukuchana. Esiqwini enyusiweyo muffler, nto leyo ukhonza nokulingana obalaseleyo ngexesha zokudubula, ukunciphisa impembelelo ku nothi. Nangona iinguqulelo kwi umxholo yotshintsho umpu lukhulu, akukho nto iya eclipse sampula yokuqala ivolovolo edume "Nagant" kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba emva kwexesha.