Ivesi Free - ntoni na? Anthology of Russian Vers mahala

Eli nqaku liza kuthathelwa ingqalelo into efana ivesi free. Yintoni na, ziziphi iimpawu zayo, imbali kunye umahluko ukusuka iimilo ezikufutshane - konke oku kuya kuxoxwa. Siqala inkcazelo.

Iimpawu ivesi free

Russian ivesi free - simanga ukuba ivelisa eninzi mpikiswano. Abahlalutyi loncwadi kunye iimbongi ingxoxo malunga apho kukho ivesi free koko "yobudala" lakhe ... Kukho nkqu mpikiswano malunga nokuba ukusebenzisa eli gama kanye kufanelekile. Noko ke, kwinzululwazi mihla, sithembele umsebenzi wenzululwazi iminyaka 1910-1920, ubukhulu becala Tynyanov (umfanekiso wakhe eboniswe ngezantsi), kukho indlela ocacile-cut ukuya ukuqonda oko vesi simahla kule ncwadi.

Olu uhlobo oluthile yesihobe, esibonakala yi uyalahlwa engqinelanayo naluphi na uhlobo yaba "iimpawu yesibini" uphawu intetho zemibongo: imitha syllabic, imvano-siphelo, izosillabizma, isotonicity kunye rhoqo izitanza. Akukho zimpawu data kusinceda sibone ivesi free. Yintoni na, uya kuqonda kakuhle ngokuthelekisa kunye neefom ezikufutshane, nto leyo inikwa ekupheleni.

Ukuvela vesi free

ivesi Free, ngoko kakuhle, ukuba kuvela kuphela kweli lizwe apho inkqubo element yesizwe yaphuhliswa ukuya kwiqondo eliphezulu. Lawo ngenkulungwane ye-19, ivesi ye isiFrentshi kwakunye nesiJamani, kwaye ekuqaleni ezayo - IsiNgesi abathetha kunye Russian. Xa ufana iintlobo preliterate le vesi, uninzi molitvoslovnogo, ivesi yanamhlanje simahla, umntu kufuneka uvume ukuba ngezenzeko ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ngokweemeko ezimalunga nezembali. Iintsomi, "predverlibr" ngomlomo wabonakala yesithethe, "non-free" vesi kwilizwe lethu. Eli siko sele esebenza kangangeenkulungwane ezintathu. A mihla wabumba "predverlibra". Wabonakala ngokuthi ube sowuyisusile ababhali abo okanye ezinye iimpawu zangaphandle ndinyana ngokuthi yayingasafuneki ukuba iimbongi ngokwabo, yaye abafundi abo babe nobunzima kakhulu.

Kufuneka wathi, "efanayo" ukuze imisebenzi vesi ezamahala ngamnye 19 yaye ngenkulungwane ye-18, afumaneka izibongo yesizwe. A. Sumarokov (umfanekiso wakhe ezinikwe apha ngentla), umzekelo, ngo-1747 wapapasha imibhalo 19 wadala incwadi, apho babekwa ebhaliwe Iindumiso. Izihlokwana, leyo baxhotyiswa ezi ndinyana, ezi zilandelayo: "kanye njengokuba lesiHebhere". Zibonakala kuba ngumphandi mihla kakhulu ivesi ezamahala ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa.

Russian ivesi free kwinkulungwane ye-19

imibongo emininzi ngaphandle imitha, isingqisho kunye nezinye iimpawu zemveli ezifumaneka iimbongi kwenkulungwane ye-19, ngubani liguqulelwe ababhali isiFrentshi okanye German kwaye ngokukhululekileyo waxelisa kubo, ngendlela wendlela ngelo xesha. Phakathi kwezi ababhali bungabonakala Ivan Turgenev, AA Fet, Mikhailova. Ekugqibeleni, uNikolay Yazykov (umfanekiso wakhe ezinikwe apha ngentla) ngo-1840, kumbongo wakhe kwinqakwana ebizwa ngokuba "Xa kusetyenziswa inkosi Parnassian ..." kuthwalelwa phandle experiment, eye zithandwa kakhulu njengoko wabathetheli le vesi simahla, kwaye (ingakumbi) abachasi bakhe 20 leminyaka. UNikolay Yazykov ibhalwe ngohlobo yiRhymed iprozi inxalenye metric isigidimi sakhe, yaye "kwikholam" - lowo ukuba inazo iimpawu ezendeleyo kwindinyana, oko kukuthi, yaba ivesi mahala (oko kukuthi, sele ukwazi). Le mizekelo, kunye nabanye nje, ke, into enye efanayo. Sergey Kormilov, stihoved mihla, wacela ukuba ukubiza marginality yakhe. Isibakala sokuba eli izibongo (vesi ezamahala) luhlobo "kuphela kwabo bangenazimvo zihoyiweyo" uncwadi - iinguqulelo, parodies, ebhaliwe, imihobe ezihlekisayo.

Ukuphuhliswa Russian vesi simahla kwinkulungwane yama-20

Le ngasentla ikwasebenza amava yokuqala ivesi simahla kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. E M. Kuzmin, bona K. Balmont kunye Bryusov kuvela ubukhulu becala ngohlobo mbumbulu simahla neembongi amazwe. Kwaye Kuzmin enye, kwakunye kwi L. Semyonov kunye Dobrolyubov - ekwimo a ngokulinganisa ngqo yabantu abanam ivesi ngokomoya. Ngokunxulumene Roerich, ivesi yakhe free - lo mbongo, nto leyo eba ubulumko baseMpuma. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha elifanayo kwilizwe lethu apho, kunye iisampuli yokuqala akanayo marginality, Vers ehlambulukileyo mahala.

izibonelo esiyifumana imisebenzi Gippius, Block, Kamensky, Sologub, torsion, Guro, Khlebnikov ... ndiyaqonda ukuba kulula ukuba ngokuba iimbongi ye-Silver Age, ngubani engazange ivesi simahla ngaphezu kwabo babesenza kuye.

ivesi khulula ivalwa

Russian ivesi simahla kwi 1920-30s. Wabe isiphelo eqhelekileyo ukuba ezininzi iziganeko zoncwadi yesizwe. Okokuqala wamemezela ekuthiwa imbono yobu art sabasebenzi. Thile emva, kule minyaka 'ukufunda ezakudala, "yena kuthathwa yimveliso yokubola zobugcisa yamaphephandaba. Ngoko ke, eneneni, wabeka le vesi free ivalwa. Ababhali, ngubani phakathi kwinkulungwane umsebenzi umdla kunye neziqhamo nale oluqwetyiweyo olwenziwa njengemibongo (G. Obolduev V. Mazurin, Neldihen S., D. kulimaza) ziye bawela kule ncwadi.

kwimeko yesiqhelo

Kuphela 1950 ekupheleni - 1960 yokuqala, weza ivesi free kwakhona apho zizimele. Noko ke, ukubuya kwakhe akuzange kube kudala, kubonakala ukuba imsuse kokuvalwa esemthethweni kweyabo kodwa incasa, umqobo isihloko (hayi ngaphantsi ngqongqo) yaqhubeka ukusebenza. Vers Iimpapasho Rare ezamahala Rylenkova N., K. Nekrasov V. Soloukhina V. Buric ngabafundi kukhatshwe kakhulu embi evela kurhulumente. Kodwa ke, kwangaxeshanye, ngaphandle kwentengiso, ivesi yakhe free apapashe iinkosi ezinjalo yesihobe Russian njengoko I. Selvinsky, Ushakov, Vinokurov, uKonstantin Simonov, Boris Slutsky kunye nguDmitry Samoilov L. Ozerov, Voznesensky , Yashin, V. Bokov, A. Shestinsky - ababhali, ezinxulumene kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ubuchule zoncwadi.

"Free vesi Ixesha"

Ngowe-1980-1990, apho kuza "ixesha Vers mahala." Eli gama sathathwa kulo mbongo enye Tatiana Danilyants, imbongi eMoscow (ingasentla). Ngeli xesha, imibongo ngaphandle imitha kunye nemvano- ngesiquphe baqale kupapashwe zonke amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini, anthologies kunye ingqokelela copyright. Kwaye ngoku, ungquzulwano omtsha phezu Vers basekhaya mahala. Abo babhala kubo amashumi eziliqela, wavuma ukuba anilwele i "ukusulungeka uhlobo." Baqala ukuba balwe ezahlukeneyo iintlobo polymetric gqith apho vesi eyona mahala (umcimbi ingasonjululwanga) ecaleni ukuya metric, zandi kunye nezinye iintlobo 'ezinzima ".

Ukwahlula of "ivesi ezamahala" yaye "ivesi free"

Ababhali kokuthumela wave entsha, leyo akunyanzelekanga ukuba umatshini womxhuzulane, kuvuthwa oze wazimela phantsi kwedyokhwe ukhangela vesi kunokuba owomileyo laconic ezamahala V. Kupriyanov, A. Mets, V. Buric, phezu koko, kufuneka ukubiza kwifom ezamahala polymetric. Zono bakholwa (ukususela kwinqanaba imbono yokuba nengqiqo, Kakade ke, hayi isigama), ukuba nasiphi na isithintelo wenkululeko, kuquka ukulahlwa angundoqo vesi ezayame athathwe ngokwemveli - akukho inkululeko. Ngenxa yoko kwabakho umahluko phakathi "ivesi ezamahala" yaye "ivesi ezamahala," nto leyo bedidekile ngokupheleleyo njengoko ababhali imisebenzi, kunye neencwadi zokufunda. Enyanisweni, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, xa inzululwazi vesi namhlanje, kukho inkqubo engqongqo iingqiqo. Kwivesi yakhe mahala (Vers libre) - into echazwe kakuhle zoncwadi. Njengoko kokufaka, polymetric, gqith kunye nezinye iindlela ezifanayo, kuba ezabo, nawo amagama ngendlela engqongqo kunye ezithile. Noko ke, inkoliso iimbongi, uyakuqonda oko. Uninzi iingxoxo kuqhutywa yentengiso kunye nezinye iinjongo extra-zoncwadi.

Imisebenzi K. Dzhangirov

"Anthology of Russian Vers libre" - ingqokelela ezaziwayo-kakuhle, yaqulunqwa Karenom Dzhangirovym. Kuye yapapashwa ngo-1991. Le ngqokelela iquka indinyana mahala neembongi mihla Russian. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ngenxa yokuba omnye yokuqala elolu hlobo. Hi ndlela leyi, Karen Dzhangirov ingqalelo womculo of Russian vesi free. Ngowe-1980 walitshintsha indawo yale oluqwetyiweyo olwenziwa njengemibongo kwilizwe lethu, ukuba democratize oko, ukuba enze kufumaneke zombini ababhali readers.

Kunye nezinye iintlobo ivesi free

Ngenxa yoko, kukholelwa ukuba vesi free - igama uncwadi, nto leyo luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo: oko ongenaye isicengcelezo okanye ubungakanani yaye zicwangciswe imikrozo yayo ecaleni ubude. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba kuchazwe ngaphezulu ncam, yala magama alandelayo kufuneka kubambana: ivesi ungenanto, ivesi free, iprozi zinqunqwe, isihobe iprozi.

iprozi bacanda

Ngandlel 'ithile, kukholelwa ukuba xa umba umbhalo ezincinane kwi iprozi ngohlobo lwelayini zale, ufumana ivesi free. Oku kungenxa ukusuka kwindawo esesikweni ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile kakhulu kwaye into ezahlukahlukeneyo yahlulwe omnye kunye neyona nto ukubhala. Onjalo "iprozi zinqunqwe" Ngokufuthi njengoko ivesi free. Imizekelo yemibongo, nokuba free, kodwa yahlukile iprozi, nangona okubhaliweyo lokugqibela kunokuba kakhulu emnandi. Kunjalo, akakho vesi simahla, ngokuba umgca ivesi ayi veli nenqubo yokubola.

Imibongo e iprozi

Imibongo e iprozi (akukho rhyme) - phantse iprozi efanayo wagawulwa, kodwa livusa ngakumbi. Lubonakala yi emnandi, imvakalozwi zizityebi. Iqulethe evumelanayo, izinto ezinesingqi. Ngaphandle ilayini ukopuka lo mbongo kufuneka kukhutshwa. ivesi mahala kule nkalo ingqamana imilo phambi kwethu. Izitanza yemibongo xa iprozi kukho okuqhubekayo kwisicatshulwa. Yinto kakhulu isixhobo ezintle kwimibongo, kodwa umhla odolo. Iimbongi abathandi kule mihla badla abhenele kuyo ukufihla iziphako - yobugcisa okanye esemantiki.

ivesi blank

ivesi Free ukuba zingahlukaniswa ivesi ungenanto, nto leyo nayo uhlobo lwe bezrifmennogo versification. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka ibe isingqisho langoku kunye nobukhulu, kwi imiqolo efanayo. Itekisi wadala kwisitanza. Ukungabikho rhyme yinkolelo kuphela. Nngokobuchwepheshe, le nto kakhulu liqhinga elula, kodwa ke isihobe, apho kukho "ingqiqo sublimated." Ifom ivesi ezingabhalwanga zonke izibongo amandulo yonke yakhiwa ngokuthi isiko zesingqisho umbongo ngelo xesha awukabi imilo. Namhlanje, ivesi blank amaninzi isitayile intsomi yeqhawe. Imvumelwano indiva ngabom.

Ngoko ke, ivesi free - ibinzana zoncwadi ekufuneka zingahlukaniswa izakhono ezinxulumene. Oku nelithi elithi "ivesi mahala."