Isiqithi okuhlola e Italy: edume? glass yelo

Okuhlola - sisiqithi Italy, apho uvelisa iglasi odumileyo, imfihlelo leyo walindwa yesandla seengcibi zendawo kangangeenkulungwane. Le ise emntla-mpuma ukusuka kwisixeko yaseVenice, kweli ichweba yelo xesha. Okuhlola - yesithili encinane, ummandla nje kwiikhilomitha nesiqingatha esinye kunye. Kodwa ke udumo lwakhe lwaya kufikelela ngaphaya eVenice, nkqu Italy. Imfuno iglasi, nto leyo nangoku enziwe apha, ubuhle obumangalisayo iimveliso zayo bathanda kwisiqithi okuhlola, amashumi amawaka abakhenkethi.

kwiindawo ekude yaseVenice

Le dolophu yakhiwe ziziqithi ezahlukeneyo elinesibini. Phakathi abaninzi kubo ibhulorho, ukuba bahlukane yi imijelo. Kodwa abanye - kwaye mikhulu - imimandla sixeko bakude ngokwaneleyo kude embindini. Bona abathe saa, ebahlanganisela ichweba, kunye iibhulorho kubo akukho namnye wakha. iindawo ezinjalo ziquka kwisiqithi okuhlola e Venice. Kodwa kukho ezinye iindawo ezifanayo. Kuyinto isiqithi Burano, San Michele, Lido kunye Torcello. Eyokuqala kwezi eyaziwa yenaliti abafazi bayo, ingakumbi oyimfakamfele kunye ntambo, kwakunye nezindlu enemibala eqaqambileyo. San Michele - emangcwabeni yelo xesha. Lido idume kumanxweme kunye nemibhiyozo. Yaye isiqithi Torcello kakhulu ngokungafaniyo kwezinye iinkalo kulo mzi. Yena a cwaka, encinane, esinendawo eluhlaza, iicawa yamandulo ebhanyabhanya baseByzantium. Kodwa okuhlola - othandwa kakhulu kwaye kakhulu batyelela zonke iziqithi yelo xesha. iglasi Yakhe "vutshila" yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Indlela ukufumana ku okuhlola?

Apha uyakwazi ukufikelela shuttles emlanjeni wodwa, okanye abizwa vaporetto. Indlela ukusuka eVenice ukuya okuhlola? Kufuneka uhlale kwiindlela 41-42 okanye 51-52 kwisikhululo sikaloliwe ka Santa Lucia kunye zankomo engundoqo Piazzale Roma (kufuphi Palace i Doge leyo). Vaporetto kumka malunga yonke seyure. Ngaphandle koko, kukodwa uhambo kule "esiporweni ulwandle" - uhambo ngokwenene. Okokuqala encircles Venice vaporetto evela entla, uze ime kwi Fondamenta Nuove. Ngoko endleleni enqanaweni phantse ulwandle evulekileyo - yelo Lagoon. Wayiwela, vaporetto yenza kwindawo emangcwabeni odumileyo of San Michele, apho, ngokuzenzekelayo, efihlakeleyo iosif Brodsky. Endleleni nani niya kubona iqela oqingqiweyo umdla "wabe and Virgil", ifakelwe ngqo emanzini qho isikhitshane. Yokukhwela ukusuka embindini siqithi malunga imizuzu engamashumi amathathu okanye amashumi amane.

Infrastructure and sabantu

Okuhlola ngenene leziqithi. Oku ziqithi ezisixhenxe abancinane, evela kumacala onke yi-yelo Lagoon. Noko ke, ukusuka kudaladala, bathi amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yi iibhulorho, ngoko yokuba ziqondeka xa iyonke. I siqithi a self-ekhokelwa yelo Thethani District. Kuye eyakhe iziseko, iivenkile, ulawulo, isibhedlele yayo. Uhlala kwisiqithi abantu abane ukuya kumawaka amahlanu. Kwaye ngexesha layo - Renaissance - apha selilos abantu okuninzi. sabemi siqithi, ngaphezu amathathu amawaka waba ngaloo minyaka. Kodwa ngoku ngabakhenkethi kwi okuhlola ingaphezulu kunoko bendawo. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala akukacaci le intwana encinane zomhlaba ukuba zibekwe abantu abaninzi kangaka. Island imele "iVenice efinyeziweyo". Ngokuba kuye, nawe, ungasa kuphela ngeenyawo. Yena, efana engundoqo Venice, yahlula ngo ezimbini Grand Canal, apho kukhwela gondola.

indaba

века до н.э. Okuhlola yaba Limi ngabantu ukususela BC ngenkulungwane V It watyelelwa ngamaRoma, nezizwe ezahlukeneyo ukulungele. Ibisekwe isixeko apha kunye nothotho lokuloba kunye nombindi kurhwebo yetyuwa. веке сюда переселяются монахи ордена камальдулов. Kwinkulungwane XI yeqondo apha iimonki Camaldolese Order. Ekuqaleni uluntu yayincinane. Emva koko wasimisa woonongendi of San Michele di okuhlola, owathi kamva waba iziko bokushicilela ncwadi. столетия. Kodwa ke ukuba ngexesha le yindawo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIII. Ngowe-1291 yaseVenice, urhulumente ugqiba ukuba sifudukele kwisixeko bonke oomasifundisane iglasi-bevuthela. Ngokutsho kwimilinganiselo aphakathi yokhuseleko lomlilo belilinye ishishini uhlala loyikiswa abahlali ezingqongileyo. Esi sixeko rhoqo kwabaneka umlilo, kodwa xa ucinga ukuba izindlu ezininzi ngaloo mihla zazenziwe zomthi, unokuthelekelela umlilo lomonakalo.

iglasi island yelo

Enyanisweni, oko kukuthi, Kakade ke, okuhlola. Kwisiqithi zocweyo mass apho ungabona ngawethu inkqubo zemisebenzi yezandla. Ingxelo evela abakhenkethi, le mbono umdla yaye nje omlingo. Xa ezivenkileni unako ukuthenga izinto ezahlukeneyo - namajikazi, izacholo, izincedisi, imihombiso zangaphakathi - apho kukho ... Kwaye konke oku umbala kuphela emangalisayo, indlela emangalisayo kunye noyilo emangalisayo. Nje khumbula okokuba kunilungele ukuba wonke kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemaphandleni, kungekhona embindini siqithi. Amaxabiso lingaba ngaphantsi. Kodwa ke ukuba awunayo imali nanceba, uchitha isiqingatha suku ke nje ukuqwalasela iifestile nje ukuba okubangelwe omnye komnye. Kukho kwi siqithi kunye Museum of Glass, apho amawaka abakhenkethi nomhlambi yonke imihla. Kunye nasezitalatweni neentendelezo kufuneka kwayo eNtofontofo e isimbo lwanamhlanje. Nabo, kakhulu, zenziwe ngeglasi.

amahlebo yokuvelisa glass

Inkqubo imveliso iminyaka emininzi kufihlwa mfihlakalo. iglasi yelo wayengomnye imithombo yengeniso esi sixeko. It elalenziwe iteknoloji okhethekileyo, omashini abenziwe iingcibi zasekuhlaleni. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba urhulumente - iBhunga Elishumi - azazi wakhulula iinkosi yale siqithi. Glassmakers azinza apho, bonke apho ukuze bahlale. Ukuba inkosi enjalo ukuba aphume siqithi, nto babacokisela ngumngcatshi, ngasese kuyo bafunwa, wambulala, kungekho naphi na apho yena. Kodwa ezinjalo zenkohlakalo iglasi yokwambathisa wafumana amalungelo enkulu. iinkosi Ntombi ukuba batshate basebukhosini kunye nabantwana babo igcinwe izihloko patrician.

Into eveliswa kwi siqithi?

Iveliswe ikakhulu kwi nezipili okuhlola kunye iiglasi, kwakunye amanani ezahlukeneyo. Kangangexesha elide, ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye eYurophu ukuba enze njalo nako. Emva koko neentlobontlobo imveliso yandiswa kakhulu. Products ngaphandle frills zazo, kwabonakala ikhaphukhaphu kunjalo, ngokungathi ngokuhambisa emoyeni. Le yabhalwa ezincwadini, kunye yobuciko zeglasi kubonisiwe imizobo. Isiqithi okuhlola waba idume kakhulu ukuba glassblowers iimveliso wanika iindwendwe i Doges kunye nabantu eliphezulu ezahlukeneyo. Xa eVenice kwakungu yokunika imbeko Sultan of Turkey, uthunyelwa ntlawulo ezinye yobuciko iinkosi zabo. веку. Kwincopho uzuko glassblowing lobugcisa ifikelela kwinkulungwane XVI. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka engamakhulu, ezi mveliso aphume fashion. столетии венецианское производство стекла приходит в упадок. Xa imveliso yeglasi yelo kwinkulungwane XVIII na ukuhla. Yaye ke kokufika imikhosi uNapoleon zaye batshatyalaliswa bonke mveliso. Kodwa ukususela ngenkulungwane XIX, ekuthandazeni ukuba imbuyekezo zeglasi uyabusa nangoku. Igqwetha evela Vicenza ngoncedo abarhwebi aseBritani wakha mveliso odumileyo yaye waqhubeka imveliso.

museum

iiholo mboniso, ebonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iglasi, avuleka kwi Palazzo Justinian ngo-1861. Ngaphambili, yaba yokuhlala Priste Torcello - kwibhotwe patrician ukwakhiwa isimbo zwe. Esi sakhiwo iye kwiholo yedolophu elide. Apha uyakwazi ukufunda imbali indlela zavela kwaye iphuhlise yobugcisa emangalisayo, waba kwisiqithi adumileyo okuhlola. Ukongeza, i-museum iqulethe imiboniso, ezo iimveliso iglasi ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nezizwe ukususela eYiputa yamandulo. Hamba uye myuziyam kukuba ngeenyawo, elandela yonke imiqondiso ukusuka kwisikhululo vaporetto omkhulu ebizwa ngokuba "okuhlola Faro". Kwinkcazelo ivaliwe ngoLwesithathu. A myuziyam ehlotyeni ukusuka kwishumi mna ukuya ezintlanu emva kwemini, yaye ebusika - kane.

izinto

Isiqithi odumileyo yelo okuhlola ukongeza kwiglasi wayo odumileyo? Kakade ke, ngezakhiwo. Kule Renaissance, kwisiqithi waqalisa ukulungisa basebukhosini, nabagwebi sisityebi. Ngelo xesha yaba kusefashonini, njengoko kumaxesha amandulo, ukuhlala kufutshane indalo. Yiloo nto abantu abane mali kunye nokulunga baqalisa ukwakha Villas, ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo nemizobo loo. Kwaye ngexesha abangenzi nto ke wamema ngeenkwenkwezi, iingcali zefilosofi kunye iimbongi ukucokisa apha ukuthetha ngayo ubugcisa kunye nobugqi. Kukho izindlu ezintle amabandla yamandulo. века. Umzekelo, ukuba Cathedral ka Santa Maria e Donato yaziwa ngokuba esekelwe yayo mihle kwinkulungwane XII. Le yenye iicawa ezininzi mandulo kulo lonke Venice Lagoon. It is eyakhelwe kwi isimbo yaseByzantium - emgangathweni, iindonga kunye amaceba ebhanyabhanya zizityebi. века. Kwakhona umdla Uyenza iwotshi kwenkulungwane XIX. Le yenye yeendawo ezininzi watyelela. Nakoovimba kakhulu kwi siqithi - yiyo Palazzo de Mula. - XIII веках, и ему удалось избежать обновления, как другим красивым виллам. Yakhiwa XII - XIII iinkulungwane, yaye wakwazi ukuphepha uhlaziyo nezinye Villas ezintle. Kungenxa yoko le nto apha ungabona iifestile Lancet Gothic iipanele kwi indlela lamaByzantine.

Apho ukuze baphile?

Isiqithi okuhlola eVenice ubukhulu becala isisulu uhambo imini. Uninzi abakhenkethi apha iiyure ezimbalwa. Kodwa kukho abo bafuna ukuchitha nokuba imini enye phakathi yonke le ubuhle; ngokuba njengoko nice kunye ngoxolo kwi siqithi kusasa kunye nasebusuku xa izihlwele ezingapheliyo kuthotha. Kuba abo abathandi kuphela okuhlola na ezihotele ezisixhenxe. Bathi mancinane, kodwa ke abiza imali eninzi kakhulu, kunjalo, njengoko nayiphi na indlu eVenice kwaphela. Iindleko zokuphila yahluka ukusuka euro 75 ukuya 200. Kuphela hotel Ulwahlulo neenkwenkwezi ezine - "La Gare Wanted Venice - MakGelleri Kollekshen". Ezinye yehotele ayikho oluhle kunjalo, kodwa romantic kakhulu.

Okuhlola Island: ncomo

Abahambi bathi noba eyabelwe eVenice iintsuku ezimbini, omnye wabo uya kuchithwa ukuhlolwa kwindawo ezingqongileyo. Choice wena umane nje. Kungenjalo akuyi uqonde into Venice yokwenene. Kwaye imini yonke kufuneka nje ukuba abele ezityeleleyo okuhlola. Uya kuze ndiyilibale loo mzuzu xa niya kwambatha izitulo eziphakamileyo, iti ezinikwayo okanye iwayini kwaye ubone indlela wobugcisa elilandelayo ziya kuboniswa phantsi kwezandla imilingo ye glassblower. Endless ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye emibala yale iglasi ungaziphumeza na, nkqu ukuyila craziest amagcisa kunye nabayili. Likhangeleka elikhulu, zombini phakathi izacholo okanye nendlu izinto, kwakunye nayiphi na elingaphakathi. indawo Best ukuthenga iglasi okuhlola ezivenkileni ezisemthethweni okanye ezivenkileni, okanye ukuthenga inkohliso Chinese. Nangona yonke into encinane apho kuya kuxabisa kowethu, kungekho ngaphantsi kwe ezimbini, kodwa zonke ezi mveliso zinzima, eqaqambileyo, yemibala ukuphuphuma. Kwakhona Akumangalisi ukuba ezinjalo izivatho abuthathaka - nangona ubukhulu - zigcinwa ngqo kwi ezitratweni, yaye akukho abonakalisi beprophathi abo babengekayi abhalelwe.