Iphunga le-acetone emlonyeni

Olunye utshintsho lwangaphandle emzimbeni, olunjengokubonakala kwento yokugqithisa, ukuguqulwa kwamanzi, i-sputum, ukubonakala kwevumba emlonyeni, kuye kwagqithiswa ixesha elide ukuba ugqirha lwezifo ezithile. Ukubonakala kwe-acetone engathandekiyo ye-urine, isikhumba okanye emlonyeni kunokusebenza njengezibonakaliso zezifo ezahlukileyo: uhlobo lokuqala okanye lwesibini uhlobo lweswekile lwesifo sikashukela, i-acetonemic syndrome, iingxaki zentliziyo, izifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nezinye iimpawu zokugula. Iphunga le-acetone emlonyeni womntwana okanye umntu omdala uchazwa yindlela ebonakalayo eyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuqhelekileyo ayixhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala. Oku kubangelwa ukwanda kwimizimba ye-ketone yegazi: i-acetoacetic acid ( H3C-CO-CH2-COOH ) kunye ne-β-hydroxybutyrate ( H3C-CHOH-CH2-COOH ).

Umbuso wokuxilisa, ngenxa yexinzelelo ephakamileyo yamalungu e-ketone eyenziwe ngexesha lokuphuka kwama-acid acids, kuthiwa yi-ketoacidosis. Iimeko ezixhamlayo zeenkqubo zokuxilonga zenzeka ngenxa yokuba umzimba awukwazi ukulawula ngokwaneleyo ukuveliswa kweetoni, ngenxa yoko, i-keto acids iqokelela kwaye i-pH yegazi iyatshintsha. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-ketoacidosis ingaba yingozi. Urhulumente wesibondlo oqhelekileyo kwi-type 1 yeswekile yesifo sikashukela.

Ngokusetyenziswa kotywala ixesha elide, i-ketoacidosis enxilisayo yenzeke, kwaye kukho iphunga le-acetone emlonyeni, obangelwa ngumxholo we-acetone emoyeni okhuphekileyo, owenziwa ngumkhiqizo we-acetone decomposition of acetoacetic acid. Idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengephunga le-lacquer.

Kuxinaniso oluphezulu lwe- glucose egazini (hyperglycemia), obangelwa ukungabikho kwe-insulin (uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela) okanye ukungakwazi kwamaseli ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwi-insulin (uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo sikashukela) lukhokelela ekunyuseni okwandayo kwi-acidity yegazi. Kubantu abaphilileyo, oku kudla kwenzeka, kuba i- pancreas ivelisa ngokwaneleyo i-insulin, okanye iiseli zisabela ngokufanelekileyo kwi-hormone eveliswe ngobuninzi ngokwaneleyo ngamaphancreas. Ngenxa yoko, i-glucose ingena kwiiseli (abalambileyo), ukuxinwa kwegazi kwi-bloodline ayikhuphuki, kwaye akukho ukunyuka okuqhelekileyo ekugxinineni kwigazi lamagumbi e-ketone. Ngoko ke, kubantu abaphilileyo (abanengxaki yesifo sikashukela), akukho phunga le-acetone emlonyeni.

Kwizigulane zesifo sikashukela, i-ketoacidosis ihamba kunye ne-hyperglycemia (isishukela segazi ephezulu kwi-serum yegazi) kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwamanzi. Ukugqithisa kwe-glucose kunokukhokelela kwimveliso engalawulekiyo yamalungu e-ketone (nge-metabolism of fatty acids), imeko apho kukho iphunga le-acetone emlonyeni womntwana okanye umntu omdala. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukugqithiswa kweentso, kumchamo, kukho i-glucose (into ebizwa ngokuba yi-glucosuria), ebonakalayo emzimbeni ophilileyo igalelwe iinjongo kwaye ibuyela kwigazi. Ukungena kumchamo we-glucose ngenxa yokunyuswa kwengxube egazini kunceda ekulahlekelweni kwamanzi. I-diabetes ketoacidosis inokubangela ukongela ubomi abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu kwizigulane ezine-type 1 zeswekile, kodwa kungathi, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, zenzeka kubantu abane-type 2 yeswekile.

Kwi-ketoacidosis yobunxilisayo, utywala obunxilisayo bubangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kwaye uvimba isigaba sokuqala se-gluconeogenesis, umzila weendlela ezikhokelela kwisizukulwana se-glucose kwi-substrates engekho ye-carbohydrate, njenge-lactate, i-glycerin kunye nabanye. Le enye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswe ngumzimba womntu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ukugcina amanqanaba e-glucose egazi, oku kunceda ukuphepha ukuwa okuphantsi (imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia). Ezinye iindlela zokugcina i-blood glucose level yi-glycogenolysis - ukusetyenziswa kwe-glycogen (gcina i-carbohydrate). Ukuba akukho okwaneleyo i-glucose emzimbeni ukubonelela iiseli, kukho ingxaki yamandla, ngenxa yempendulo ye-metabolism yeacids e-fatty, imizimba ye-ketone yenziwa kwaye kukho iphunga le-acetone emlonyeni.

I-acidosis enamandla ingaba ngumphumo wokutya okude okanye i-ketogenic (ukutya kukuquka iimveliso eziqulethe ipesenti eziphezulu zeeprotheni kunye namafutha anomxholo ophantsi we-carbohydrate), ekwasetyenziselwa kakhulu ukunyanga ukulawula ukuhluthwa kwabantwana, izifo ze-cardiovascular, isifo esingapheliyo Kwaye nezinye iimeko. Izidlo ze-carbohydrate eziphantsi ezimiselwe ukulawulwa kwesisindo kunye nokunyanyiswa komzimba kunciphisa intlawulo ye-carbohydrate. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukutya okunjalo kwendawo yokugcina i-glycogen kwanele, malunga nomhla. Emva koko umzimba usebenzisa imithombo yamandla eminye (amafutha kunye nama-proteins), ekuhleni kwamalungu omzimba we-ketone, kwaye iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni livela.