Intranasal - yinto ulawulo iziyobisi? ngezakhiwo intranasal

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo lokufakela ichiza emzimbeni womntu. Ekuqaleni iyeza yokuqala kusetyenziswa iindlela zasekuhlaleni ngohlobo lezicelo, rastirok, Oluma, nangomlomo, kuquka nokudla eziliqela kweefom oyidlayo okanye ukufunxeka sublingual. ziye zasetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa zonyango kunye nokuziswa into esebenzayo ukuya ilungu ekujoliswe iindlela ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo.

Kwakukho suppositories efakwa sangasese (suppository), amacwecwe multi-candelo kunye njengezingxobo, kubandakanywa incindi camera, uyapheliswa okanye esiswini okanye enzyme emathunjini. Iindlela Inaliti: obuvakalayo ongama, intramuscular, efakwa and intra-emithanjeni, ofaka. Ichiza lesitofu kwisisu ezimanyeneyo kunye namaziko.

Nangona indlela elula lolawulo, endotracheal kunye intranasal nemixube ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kutshanje. Kakade ke, lo amathontsi impumlo bezikhona sele noHippocrates. Noko ke, intranasal - oku yenye indlela lolawulo lonikezelo kwamanye amalungu, kwaye akukho sicombululo sazo ukudumba kwindawo ebandayo, nolawulo olunjalo iye yasebenzisa nje kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo.

Amaqela intranasal imixube, ngokubonelela jikelele isenzo (systemic)

izifundo ezininzi lukhombise ukuba ukulwa ingqele eqhelekileyo - akusosizathu kuphela ukuqaliswa ichiza kuloo ndawo ibinomthwebeba ngeempumlo. A Inani lemithi ukuba abe inyathelo systemic, ngokuzolileyo wendele ukusuka inwebu kwiinwebu amarhanana kwaye kufika eYerusalem ngqo.

Ulawulo Intranasal kunokwenzeka ukuba:

• H1-antihistamines (engavumelani);
• a-adrenoceptor agonists (vasoconstrictors);
• imasti cell ekwenzeni ingaphandle;
• serotonergic (ngokubonelela iziphumo ezahlukeneyo - ze vasoconstriction ukuya antiallergic);
• hormone protivogormonalnyh;
• analgesics ezidakumbisayo ;
• immunomodulators;
• correctors yokucolwa of intlala kunye ijwabu bone;
• psychostimulants kunye nootropics.

ulawulo Ingakumbi intranasal kwamachiza

Impela iinkampani ezixuba amayeza ixesha elide baye bazama ukulungisa imisebenzi ezimbini unsolvable ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukuba isakhiwo eekhemikhali kwiproteni. Isikhubekiso ke ukuphazamiseka candelo protein-peptide, njengempembelelo esebenzayo yi juice esiswini kunye nee-enzayim wamathumbu kwindawo yokwamkela ngomlomo. Kwakhona, le ngxaki sele mkhuba sicatshulwa lokuqala esibindini - yokubopha umsebenzi zakhiwo kunye zinomgutyulo yayo.

Ewiliko eyafunyanwa ukusetyenziswa yendlela injectable yolawulo suppositories efakwa. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuqala yahlukile kwezinye ukuntsonkotha yobugcisa, zidibene mizwa ekhathazayo. Nowesibini wayengekho ngempumelelo ngokwaneleyo ngenxa absorbability ephantsi kweli candelo lokugqibela isikali. wasondela I sigqibo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba intranasal - njengokuba ngenaliti, ulawulo olunjalo, apho isiqalo ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza zonyango. Kwaye ngokongeza izinto ezithile obonelelwa le bioavailability phezulu enye, ngamanye uyondelelwano lwee- isithako esebenzayo kuyimfuneko ukubeka isicelo sayo.

Enye ulawulo intranasal ipropati luncedo abasibonisa extracellular (kukufakwa ngokudlula kwi egazini ngokusebenzisa uxakaxa) ukungena kwezinto esebenzayo kwi ebuchotsheni. Ukufumana kwindawo ukuqgiba, ichiza unikelwa Imicu ukuqgiba kunye luvo trigeminal.

Release lakha ngezakhiwo intranasal

Ukuze ifakwe lweHo- ngeempumlo isetyenziswa kakhulu inani eliqingqiweyo iifom amayeza. Owokuqala ngulo, Kakade ke, lo impumlo tsakisi. Mhlawumbi amakha inhalation kunye nesakhiwo esihle. Used ngokubekwa namafutha aqholiweyo. izisombululo ezahlukeneyo okanye decoctions womfuno bahlambe ngeempumlo kweli qela ayikho ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni elifutshane isifo xa isicelo.

Ifom ezingundoqo iziyobisi intranasal release ukuba iziphumo zenkqubo yemfundo mixube ngeempumlo. Bona ziveliswa ngohlobo nomthamo canisters kunye umoya okanye into esebenzayo impompo-atomizer. Ngenxa umthamo ezithile ezikhutshwayo sokutshiza xa sicinezelweyo kanye, kunokwenzeka ukuba idosi controllable ngokwentelekiso ichiza.

Kwakhona, xa usebenzisa isitshizi ngokulinganayo yokunkcenkceshela ngeempumlo isifo. Oku kwandisa kukufakwa ichiza eza kuphucula isenzo yayo imithi.

iingenelo Main wolawulo ngeempumlo

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, kungenzeka ukuchonga iimpawu ezingundoqo yababephethwe imixube intranasal. Ubulula kunye nokusebenziseka kulawulo, nto leyo ayifuni izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zobugcisa kunye noqeqesho ezizodwa, njengoko kunjalo iindlela inaliti zizinto ezibalulekileyo kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwabo sisigulane.

Ngenxa zomzimba Pharmacology of kwizikhundla ezikwi kwindawo yokuqala ithuba amanyathelo engundoqo kubume ebuchotsheni. Elibonakaliswe ukusebenza systemic, esiza ngexesha elifutshane, njengoko kule ndlela isitofu wolawulo, kukwabalulekile. Ngenxa yokungabikho isenzeko sesicatshulwa lokuqala kwesibindi, inikeza bioavailability eliphezulu ichiza kunye imali encinane ngayo emibi.

bobubi

Ukususela imbono legalelo systemic ngxaki iphambili ukugcina inqanaba kwezonyango kwi plasma yegazi yoxinaniso ka iziyobisi. Iindlela of ngokukhawuleza wendele kwaye ufikelela kwincopho amanyathelo ixesha elifutshane, ngoko ke ulawulo intranasal zingasetyenziswa kuphela elifutshane elide nokulungisa iimeko. ukusebenza ixesha elide kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ilawulwa iziyobisi ezinempembelelo kwisakhiwo ebuchotsheni.

Ukongeza, uphuhliso reactions yobulali kwi isifo ngeempumlo kunokwenzeka. Oku kungenxa yokuba a xi olwaneleyo ophezulu esisebenza kakhulu ukwakhiwa isitshizi kunye nomxholo kumacandelo ezongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa indlela ubuninzi kweziyobisi ukusuka kumphezulu isifo ukuya igazi.

Amandla ukufakwa evela lweHo- ngeempumlo kuye ukuba kufuneka ngeranti kuphela inani iziyobisi ngenxa yale propati physicochemical. Isigulana yi xi elingakumbi esisebenza kukhokelela iindleko ebalulekileyo kuthengwe ibhotile.

immunomodulators intranasal

Kwi-off-lonyaka okanye izifo ifiva lokhuseleko kunye nonyango amachiza asetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuba andise ukuzimela lulonke kunye bendawo omzimba.

Ukulungiselela injongo yothintelo olungxamisekileyo ukhuselo isicelo interferon intranasal.

Xa izifundo ezininzi lubonise ukuba indlela intranasal wolawulo lwe immunomodulators igalelo uthintele kwii-iintsholongwane kuphela, amagciwane ngokusebenzisa isifo ngeempumlo. Kwakhona, lukwakhuthaza imikhosi ibakhusela yayo - uqalile okanye ipoti ye imveliso yalo interferon. Ukuze ukuvuselela imveliso kwedijithali unyango yesondlo interferon njengendlela yokusebenzisa iziyobisi "Anandina" intranasal.

interferon kwabantu

Amalungiselelo Umsebenzi ukuba ukhuselo omzimba ezithile nxamnye ezininzi Iintsholongwane ifiva wentsholongwane egazini, "Interferon" ikhutshwa ngohlobo amacwecwe, amalungiselelo injectable kunye emigutyeni nokulungiselela kuncipha. Kuba kuthintelo nonyango, ungasebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo ukukhululwa. Kodwa ukhuselo lwengingqi kukhethwa intranasally. Oku, ibe isithintelo ongabonakaliyo sinokuthintela kwii-mali elininzi yintsholongwane iiseli inwebu kwiinwebu lweHo- ngeempumlo. Oku kuya kunika obunamanani aphantsi kwiimeko bhubhane.

Immunostimulant "Anandina", wamehlo nakumarhanana

Ichiza esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokungabikho phantse epheleleyo ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, reactions ezingalunganga kunye neziphumo ezilungileyo mzimba ukuvuselela. Ukongeza, buye ipropati inxeba-zempiliso iqapheleka ukuba kubalulekile kwisicelo lwalo wamehlo kwi ukwenzakala kwenwebu okanye conjunctival.

Izimo usinike kuphela intramuscularly "Anandina". amachaphaza ngeempumlo akamkelekanga ngalo naliphi na ubudala, ukukhulelwa, lokwaphusa kunye nezinye iimeko nokomzimba okanye izifo.

Ukuba nokuthimliswa komzimba

Amaxesha amaninzi kunokubangela impumlo sirhawuzele, ukuthimla kunye secretion lweenkcukacha yencindi kuba akukho yintsholongwane, kwaye iantigens, ekhokelela non-ngqo omzimba - komzimba. Xa unyango entsonkothileyo kwale ndlela nokuthimliswa, corticosteroids intranasal adla ngokusetyenziswa. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi abantu bathwaxwa iintlobo ngamaxesha nokwaliwa - hay fever.

Xa izityalo ezithile xesha eneentyatyambo izigulane enjalo ngokwaneleyo kuphela isicelo iziyobisi antihistaminic iqela, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi kombisa isiphumo ngakumbi umthomalalisi. Yinto kuvumelekile phantsi ulawulo lwezithuthi, oomatshini yokusebenza, okanye iimeko ukuzikisa ingqondo ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko wabeka isipreyi hormone yobulali ukususa ukubonakalalisa iimpawu ngaphandle nempembelelo ebonakalayo iyonke eseleyo hormone.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Nangona ukufumaneka ngokubanzi nokuthwaleka lula kula machiza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba intranasal - kukuthi, njengaye nawuphi na, ichiza kufuneka ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela ummiselo ngugqirha, xa umthamo elimiselweyo kubo, ubuninzi kunye nexesha yolwamkelo.

Kudla kukho iimeko xa kufuneka ukuba uthathe iziyobisi ezininzi, Rhoxisa nanye kuzo akakwazi. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka ufumanise ukuba kufuneka ukuba xa zidibene nefuthe elibi emzimbeni. Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa inokuquka zonke zabo negazi lakho. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngaphambi kokuba uthathe iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ezifana suppositories, namafutha aqholiweyo kunye isipreyi, wena ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka udibane yincutshe.