Inkcazo injini iimoto iimodeli ezahlukeneyo

Zonke ihamba izixhobo zobugcisa, izithuthi, izixhobo zokwakha, watercraft kunye nangaphezulu. al., baxhotyiswa kunye neenkqubo basafunda iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, ngokwaneleyo enamandla kwaye olusebenzayo, ixesha-yasekwa njengendlela ethembekileyo ngokubonelela iindlela injongo umsebenzi.

inkcazo ngokubanzi unit

Uchazo iphepha photo injini zokuqhubekeka komsebenzi. Image motor yecandelo ivumela ukuba bafunde ezalathelwe ezisisiseko kunye namacandelo. Emazantsi na impompo oyile crankcase, esilawula kude kuzakuthothisa lamajelo ezizodwa, ngokuqala crankshaft nomxokelelwane isiphelo camshaft drive. Kuqhubeka ngenxa imiphantsi crankshaft, uxinzelelo ioli emoyeni ezine lubricates i iibheringi okanye ethwala zemveli kunye crankpins igeza nendlela. Kwangaxeshanye, igrisi ukuba itshizwe uguqulwe yenkungu oyile, nto leyo evumela ukubunjwa kwefilimu esipilini njengesilinda. Le Pistons slide ngokukhululekileyo, kunye phantse zero kunobunye. Ngamnye kubo omnye ukuya kwemithathu amakhonkco oyile, ibekwe ngaphezu ucinezelo engundoqo. Injongo yezi amakhonkco kukususa ioli abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye nokuthintela ukuba singaweli kwigumbi yokutsha. Namafutha ungena injini ingxoxo eliphezulu, apho ukusifaka ixesha, camshaft, lifters nokufakelwa zokuxhathisa. Enye inkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze coverage - a gear nomxokelelwane kabini kunye tensioner. Apha, i oyile zisasazwa womxhuzulane, oko kutshizwa ejikelezayo iindawo. Ngexesha nokusebenza microparticles metal oyile injini yesithuthi ingcolisekile. imoto nganye izinga mileage, emva koko kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela lesithambiso. Ukuba umgama layigubungela akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubala, kufuneka athile khangela oyile injini kwi elubala. Xa ekufuneka indawo mnyama ngokukhawuleza.

inkcazo injini ingaqalwa ukusuka kumthetho-siseko ukusebenza kwawo. Nezingenayo yokutsha ezi ndidi mbini: ipetroli nedizili, umsebenzi wokuqala kumgaqo iigesi ukwanda eveliswe ngexesha ukutshiswa ngomxube enokutsha ibangelwa i iintlantsi zombane. Uxinzelelo asakhulayo ebangela ukuba piston ukuba ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwindawo esekugqibeleni, indlela igeza iqala ku gqiba, oko kuvela umjikelo umsebenzi. Inani uqhelekileyo cylinder - ezine, kodwa kukho iinjini emithandathu-asibhozo anesibhozo. Ngamanye amaxesha inani cylinder egqitha elinesithandathu, kubangel Motors enamandla, zisebenza kakuhle, intsebenzo yabo eliphezulu. Ezi injini efakwe izithuthi Luxury motor.

injini Diesel sisebenze mgaqo, kodwa umxube enokutsha egumbini yokutsha ayikho ilangatye ilunyekwa kunye ucinezelo phantsi amanyathelo.

iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi yahlulwe amabini anesine ngesibetho-. Umahluko phakathi kwezi migaqo ezimbini amanyathelo kubalulekile. iinjini ngesithuthuthu ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza kwimo push-kume, imoto yonke phantse - ezine-stroke.

ingxubevange lula

inkcazo injini iyasebenza ipetroli, kufuneka uqale ukusuka mzuzu xa isiBeki okanye injector wafumana iinxalenye umxube ezinokutsha. Kwegumbi yokutsha lombhobho ifu umxube bokuhlala emoyeni umphunga ipetroli. Kuyinto umxube amafutha phantse sewulungile, kodwa kusafuneka compress kwaye phemba. Ucinezelo kwenzeka phantsi yintshukumo piston, ukuvuka kubo ngezantsi, yaye xa iphezulu, uya yintlantsi wombane isithuthi xa wokhela umxube, apho kuya kubakho ukunyuka elibukhali uxinzelelo, kwaye piston uya phantsi. Xa oku kwenzeka amandla rotation, nto leyo amandla ukuqhuba.

Xa injini izithuthi kunokuba ukusuka Pistons ezintathu ukuya elishumi elinesithandathu. Ngamnye kubo yenza umsebenzi wayo aze alandele inkqubo engqongqo a yophawulo, nto leyo idala ixesha, indlela ukusasazwa zerhasi kulo matshini. Ngoko ke, kukho umjikelezo oqhubekayo ujikelezo le crankshaft, nto leyo ekugqibeleni idluliselwe kweevili.

Inkcazelo injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ngokwamanqanaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• kukufakwa umxube ezinokutsha (piston uya phantsi);
• ngokuveza kwaye ukubasa umxube enokutsha (i-piston na kwiziko top kwabafileyo);
• stroke (i piston ihamba phantsi);
• Exhaust umxube (piston ihambisa phezulu);

Izibetho eziphambili zinokudityaniswa kunye neenkqubo ezongezelelweyo nomlindi ixesha elifutshane.

Inkcazelo injini diesel

Olingene - izibaso jikelele apho Unazo kwiqela lokulungileyo, kodwa umgangatho walo kuxhomekeke kwinani octane, efunyenwe ngexesha kuqhutyekekwe. Kodwa ke indleko yolu hlobo fuel phezulu ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko ke, kubunjineli izithuthi zilangazelelwa iinjini babesebenzisa iyasebenza diesel.

Inkcazelo injini diesel ebalekayo diesel, kufuneka uqale kancinane pre-imbali indlela yadalwa le yunithi. Ngowe-1890, injineli waseJamani uRudolf Diesel wadala kwaye enelungelo imoto yokuqala, osebenza kumgaqo ucinezelo umxube ezinokutsha. injini Diesel Okokuqala alukhange yamkelwa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, yaye kuba ulwakhiwo mechanism kunye nocikizeko iinjini umphunga obuphantsi. Kodwa emva komzuzwana iinjini Diesel zithe zafakelwa izitya emlanjeni nolwandle, apho kungafumaniseka kakuhle.

Inzuzo ephambili injini entsha xa kuthelekiswa injini yaba kukuba lo yunithi ukusebenza kwi carbon, phantsi isithuba kumgangatho isiqingatha ndawo emkhombeni, lo gama enye isiqingatha yanikwa phantsi namalahle. YOBOMI injini stokers wabacimi lonke nezixhotyana. A injini diesel waba compact, bahlaliswa kunye netanki yamafutha kuphela nje ezimbalwa square metres. Kuba ukusebenza kwaso Umkhandi enye kuphela. Ngokuthe ngcembe injini diesel indawo zomphunga zaye zasasazeka kuyo yonke imikhombe yolwandle kunye neklasi umlambo. Kwabakho imfuneko yemveliso mass ukuba kungekudala kwasekwa entsha ababephila Rudolf Diesel kukuthatha kwakhe ngqo.

Le Pistons ye injini diesel abhalwe nakumphezulu elitywinwe yokusebenza enegalelo ukuba sophazamiseko egumbini yokutsha. Kuba nokusebenza injini kufuneka ube mnye imeko - umxube kwamafutha kuba shushu. Kule nkqubo, sele isebenza motor ukufudumeza kwenzeka ngokwalo. Kwaye ukuba uqale icandelo nkqu kwixesha efudumeleyo kufuneka shushu le nkqubo. Ukwenza oku zonke injini diesel wakha ezizodwa kukhanya.

Universal TSI injini

Winner le "wenjini Year" ngo-2006, 2007 no-2008. Injini eziphambili kakhulu kutshanje. TSI injini, ukuxelwa kwalo ingathatha iphepha ngaphezu kwesinye, yenye ye iinjini isebenzayo ixesha lethu. Umgaqo ukusebenza kwawo ngenxa kwisicelo ezimbili technology inaliti amafutha kunye nokufumaneka a isiguquli, ezisa umxube amafutha phantsi koxinzelelo.

TSI injini - onovalo ezixhobo mihla, kodwa umatshini kufuneka ingqalelo ngokucokisekileyo. Xa inkonzo injini, sebenzisa kuphela izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokusebenza kwayo hlengiso kwangethuba. Le nxalenye ebalulekileyo TSI injini - isiguquli, mayixhotyiswe gear olukhethekile, leyo kwandisa isantya yayo amawaka 17 ngomzuzu, nto leyo enika uxinzelelo kuqinise eliphezulu.

I TSI Injini, ukuxelwa kwalo okuya abuyonto ngaphandle wakukhankanya zintsingiselo zantswelo ngexesha abandayo seliphantse ukugqitha kancinci kakhulu. Dlala umatshini kunye injini TSI engqeleni akanakuba kwiiyure salon unokuma kwamaqondo ngezantsi zero. Kwaye ixesha efudumeleyo yi olunoqoqosho ephantsi ngesantya injini nokusebenza kakhulu.

"Volkswagen", iinjini

"Imoto yabantu" isiJamani ngo-2000 wakhetha ukuba imifuziselo imveliso Motors zabo iveliswayo technology TSI, ngokunjalo FSI. Le nkampani German namhlanje kuphela eyakha lwehlabathi ukunikela iinjini TSI kunye FSI njengoko esisiseko phantse yonke imifanekiso yalo. sele wenziwe Inkcazelo iinjini "Volkswagen", kuzo zonke kwinjini TSI ethile ngasentla. Iimpawu ngokubanzi, kodwa kakhulu ulwazi.

Injini Inkcazelo FSI ingcono ukuqala ezineempawu ibambelele walo phakathi kwemini 120-140 l. a. Motor boqoqosho ubomi inkonzo ende. FSI (iSibasi Inaliti wakubo) liguqulelwe ngokuba 'inaliti wakubo ".

Umahluko omkhulu ukusuka injini FSI nezinye izityalo amandla kwinkqubo loop-emibini a xi ephantsi ophezulu. circuit xi Low luquka itanki yamafutha, impompo amafutha kunye filter. yesiphaluka High-xi ayinaxanduva ngokuthe ngqo elekhtrons. Umgaqo ukusebenza isekelwe kwi-injini FSI esokuba naliti enemitha zepetroli yi kwimpompo amafutha. Iidosi ayilungiswanga ngokuzenzekelayo usebenzisa transducer xi eliphantsi. Isixa amafutha ixhomekeke kwinani yeenguqu. Le namafutha namafutha akufuneki kakade umgaqo, nangona igcinwa emotweni.

inkcazo injini Volkswagen FSI unako yongeze nge data kwi-ngempumelelo iindleko kahle eliphezulu.

Motors 'akwazile'

abavelisi ngezimoto German ahlala kukhuphiswano kunye nabanye. brand imoto "Opel" zithembekile kwaye lula. Ukuthandwa iimodeli with "imibane" kwi ukwesona lixhaswa intengiso ophakamileyo. Ukuba umthengi uza kuthenga i kangako, kulula ukugcina umatshini, ukhetha "akwazile". Zokucinga, inkcazelo yayo ifakiwe kuxwebhu zobugcisa yesithuthi zihlelwa igama model. Umzekelo, motor "Opel ngemoto" zixhotyiswe Opel ngemoto BC 1,2 16v Ecotec 3. Ngelo imoto enyusiweyo motor Astra Opel z19DTH Astra III 16v 150k. Kodwa, kunye nalo, kukho inani lezityalo amandla standardised, okuyinto ingafakwa kungakhathaliseki index kunye negama.

Togliatti plant

Inkcazelo injini Vaz entsonkothileyo ayikho - kukho iindidi ezimbini kuphela. Iinjini kuqhubo lingena-wheel iimoto Vaz-2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106 no 2107 - licandelo-itankana ezine malunga amandla nokupakishwa. Kunye iinjini njengezibonelo phambi-wheel Vaz-2108 kunye Vaz-2109 nokulungalungiswa yayo.

Zonke ii-injini Vaz zinokuthenjwa kunye nabalulamileyo zisebenza. Ukulungiswa ucinezelo ixesha kunye ukucoca vana sifikelela kakhulu ukuba umqhubi, kufuneka nje ukwazi scheme kunye nolandelelwano yezenzo. iinjini Vysokooborotisty kunye nempendulo umcephe wokunyusa. Resource ayikho inkulu kakhulu, kodwa ukulungisa kunye ukutshintshwa amakhonkco piston kunye ethwala, intonga ezingundoqo kunye nezihlanganisi, akukho ngxaki.

Inkcazelo injini "Toyota"

Motors eyaziwa Japanese umenzi indawo,-itankana amane, ekukhethwa ukuba ibe lungiselelo emnqamlezweni, kunye nokusebenza eliphezulu kakhulu. iinjini Inaliti olingene asebenza kwi-siseko isitofu ngqo. valve amane isilinda nganye ukuvumela vana ukuba inkqubo bafezeke.

Injini uphawu ngendlela "Toyota" baziwa ngokubanzi, ngaphandle umenzi odumileyo ibonwe isiqulatho CO2 eliphantsi yeegesi zeemoto flue. Iimoto Uthotho okhethwe iseti oonobumba abakhulu Latin kunye Amanani Arabhu. Akukho magama added.

injini Resource "Toyota" Ivela ku amawaka 300 km, yaye emva koko akazange nokuba kufuneka ulungiso olukhulu, ngokwaneleyo ukukhulula amakhonkco piston ntshunxekile ze icoce inkqubo sokupholisa. Emva ekunqandeni ngempumelelo motor ezincinane iyaqhubeka ukusebenza.

powerplant BMW

Uluhlu iinjini kwenkampani isiJamani "eBavaria Motor Werke" kakhulu ebanzi ngaphezu koko kwezi abenzi Japanese. I-asethi ye BMW - ngokufaka esemgceni kunye iinjini-cylinder emithandathu, V ezimilise "ezisibhozo" yaye "ezilishumi", njengoko lishumi-langoku, ingakumbi iinjini ezinamandla. Uninzi iinjini BMW zakhiwa format SOHC kunye DOHC.

Motors ezinophawu ngokuphindaphindiweyo baba bawine ukhuphiswano 'wenjini Year ", umzekelo S85B50 uphawu bafumana amabhaso 11 kwisithuba ukususela 2005 ukuya ku 2008.

Izixhobo "BMW", ukuxelwa kwalo kunzima ngenxa yenani elikhulu zokuguqulwa ukuba ingachazwa superreliable, lokubolekwa ngokugqibeleleyo elungeleleneyo.

Iinjini Zavolzhsky injini izityalo

Uluhlu powertrains, ZMZ olwavezwa kwelentshona ye-iVolga, zako uNothozamile. Isityalo uvelisa kuphela kokulungiswa ezimbalwa ukuya kunamandla aqhelekileyo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula inani khorwisaka iimveliso. brand injini "ZMZ-406" likhuphe uthotho enye iikopi nesiqingatha sesigidi. Injini efakwe kwi iimoto, "GAS" Gorky zezityalo. Phakathi kwabo, "Ibhadi", "iVolga-3110" yaye "iVolga-3102".

Yintoni 406 injini? Ochazwa apha ngezantsi.

Le motor ifumaneka kunye injector phantsi isiqu 406-2.10 kwaye isebenza ipetroli AI-92. પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi 406-1 uguqulelo yenzelwe ipetroli kunye octane olungu-76 Omnye petrol injini, 406-3 iyasebenza aphezulu amafutha-octane, ipetroli AI-95. Zonke iimowutha baxhotyiswa ngothotho 406 elektroniki Bosch kunye jiko ezimbini ucinezelo.

Ukulungiswa kwe itheyibhile ephindaphindayo

uyilo injini yemoto kufuna yolondolozo lwamathuba lokunqanda leeyunithi ngamnye okanye kuncendile ukulungisa yonke iyunithi xa iyonke. I-injini iquka cylinder block, crankshaft, iintonga izihlanganisi, Pistons amakhonkco ucinezelo kunye ize oyile, i ibhloko entloko kunye camshaft kuquka camshaft drive chain kunye lwezivalo.

Xa ukonakala kwiiyunithi ngamnye okanye lonke motor xa iyonke enza izabelo replacement Asinakusebenziseka. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "ukulungisa injini." imoto imisebenzi yesiqhelo nkcazelo enikwe kule ncwadi, kunye imiyalelo eneenkcukacha. ukulungiswa Minor kungenziwa ngokwabo, yaye ezintsonkothileyo, efuna izixhobo ezizodwa, kungcono ukubamba Centre Technical.

Xa ukungcitywa yokuvutha kwangaphakathi injini kufuneka kuqala bajonge iqondo kukuwohloka iinyembezi. Oku kufuna isifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa kufuneka xi oyile ezifakelwa iingcambu replacement crankshaft connecting iibheringi ngentonga. Ukuba iijenali crankshaft zigugile, kufuneka wakrolwa phantsi ubungakanani yokulungisa kwaye ufake ifaka efanelekileyo. Xa kunjalo, ukuba ezigugileyo iyunithi cylinder isipili zapresovyvayutsya iCartridge omtsha okanye omdala wakrolwa phantsi ubungakanani yokulungisa kunye ufakelo elandelayo Pistons ezintsha namakhonkco ezintsha. Kunye nokunatyiswa encinane utshintsha nje amakhonkco kunye ucinezelo luyagcinwa kwakhona. Kukwanjalo ke malunga ifaka senditshilo. Ukuba imveliso amaphephancwadi crankshaft incinane, ungakwazi esikhundleni kuphela zokubhala wenze ekruqulayo. Kulo mzekelo, uxinzelelo ioli eziqhelekileyo, kwaye injini oluhlaziyiweyo kuza kuba ukulungele ukusebenza.