Rye Winter: inkcazelo jikelele

Winter rye, kubaluleke kakhulu kwezilwanyana kunye nokutya kwezityalo, equka isixa esikhulu weeproteni (ukuya kwi-15 pesenti) kunye carbon (81 pesenti). Ukongeza, xa njengamasuntsu ayo zineevithamini A, B, kunye E. Ukusuka nomgubo ukubhaka rye isonka, ukuba ixabiso eziphilayo kunye nesiqulatho caloric lidlula alingana ingqolowa. Ukubaluleka agronomic engundoqo kwinkcubeko, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kukuba ngenxa ekukhuleni kwayo ngokukhawuleza tillering eliphezulu liyakwazi ukucinezela ngempumelelo ukhula. Rye bran, ingqolowa kunye nomgubo kuyasetyenziswa ngokohlobo ifidi kanzulu, nto leyo zengca ingaphelelwayo enasilela umgangatho. Ukongeza, ubusika irye kwakhona kusetyenziselwa iinjongo zobugcisa. Ngokucace kakhulu, oko zingenziwa nembeleko utywala kunye starch, kwaye ukusuka enomququ ukuvelisa yintlama kunye acetic acid.

Inkcubeko kwasekwa ukusuka ukhula infests izityalo zengqolowa. Isenokuba yindawo awazalelwa luthathwa mpuma Asia neCaucasus. E Ukraine, ubusika irye yokuqala ukuvela ehlabathini BC nkulungwane yokuqala, kwaye ukukhankanywa lokuqala kulinywa kwi kwintsimi komhla Russia emva kwinkulungwane yesithoba. Ngoku kulinywe yawo ngokubanzi, hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe lethu kodwa kwi-US kunye neNtshona yeYurophu. Nangona oku, kwihlabathi-on-ngonyaka phakathi cereal izityalo nespelete ibekwe kwenye yeendawo yokugqibela. Ummandla indlelo yalo yonyaka malunga nezigidi mabini hectares. Xa sikhula rye kwimihlaba ochumileyo kunye nokuqaliswa mali ezaneleyo isichumiso linika izivuno ezilungileyo (ukuya quintals 20 ngehektare nganye). Ngelo xesha, xa kuthelekiswa ne-ingqolowa eli nani malunga nesiqingatha ngaphantsi.

Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga xa ukuhlwayela rye ebusika. Oku kwenziwa ekwindla, xa ubushushu avareji umalunga neshumi elinesihlanu degrees. Kulo mzekelo, phi kuyanqaba ukuze ndibe zonakaliswe amagciwane, kunye nenkcubeko ngokwayo iEkron ngcono. Zezityalo ukumelana iqabaka degrees 25. Ukuntshula iqala ukuba kwenzeka emhlabeni nokuba ngama-2 ubushushu namahlumela friendly bayazibhijabhija xa Amazinga degrees 10. Ngenxa yenkqubo yayo aphuhliswe kakuhle ingcambu rye ubusika ithwala nokuba entlakohlaza imbalela. Ngaphezu koko, ngelo xesha inkcubeko yabo yokukhula kodwa ifuna kakhulu kwi ukufuma, ngoko kakuhle yaye elide imvula, kunye nobushushu. Asinto uhlobo choosy kunye lomhlaba. Rye, Ngokuqhelekileyo ukhula nokuba kumhlaba oyisanti engazaliyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izityalo kuyo ngokubamba ngcono iphosphate nepotassium ngqo ukusuka emhlabeni.

Zezona lwimi zisetyenziswa sinazo iintlobo tetraploid kunye diploid rye ebusika. Umahluko phakathi kwabo kuxhomekeke inani zofuzo ezakha iiseli somatic esityalo. Eyokuqala kwezi ntlobo esanda kutshanje kwaye zofuzo 28. Njengoko ndawo owesibini, ngoko umelwe zofuzo-14. iintlobo kwanwenwezela diploid. Eyona uthandwayo kubo ezifana Niva, Ziya Boguslavka. Eli qela yaphawula tetraploid Septemba Puhovchanku kunye Drevlyane.