Inkcazelo, iimpawu, iifoto Orinoco

Orinoco - enye iinkqubo lomlambo likhulu ehlabathini. Le umlambo kunazo zonke nezinomtsalane eMzantsi Merika. amanzi ayo eminyaka umdla kubahloli, nangona uhlobo yingozi kwaye iyingozi.

History of izovela

Ukususela kuvulwa lomlambo South American Orinoco ukuba ingafikeleleki ixesha elide ngenxa yokuzimela yayo ehlathini, ngenxa ezingaziwayo. Sisihlandlo sokuqala ingafunyanwa kwiirekhodi Hristofora Kolumba ezinxulumene ngohambo lwakhe lwesithathu. Discoverer wabona kuphela ogudle le Orinoco, kodwa wavula picture wawaxabela ubuhle bayo.

Kulo mlambo enxulumene igama yaseSpain Diego De Ordaz, oye wachitha isiqingatha ubomi bakhe bezama ukufumana indawo twisisaka Eldorado. Yaba nguye lowo kuqala unako ukufunda zasendle le Orinoco. Ngowe-1531, abaphandi ukusuka Germany Ambrosius Ehinger wagqiba ukuhlola emlanjeni. Ngelo xesha, amanye amaphulo zophando ezininzi umlinganiswa alenzileyo. Ngelishwa, le inkcazo lomlambo Orinoco Ngaloo maxesha zange makangehli aye kuthi.

Malunga inkumbulo yakhe kuphela kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa nomhloli waseJamani Alexander von Humboldt ebekwe ukufunda uhlobo Umzantsi Melika. Yaba nguye lowo wachaza izityalo eyavela ecaleni lomlambo Orinoco River, kwakunye nezilwanyana bahlala amanzi alo. Umthombo kwechibi sele ifumaneka kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Indawo esikuyo emlanjeni kunye nobukhulu bayo

Orinoco River, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ifumaneka eMzantsi Merika. umthombo wayo siyakhuthazeka kumda eVenezuela naseBrazil. Umlambo ivela entabeni kufuphi Delgado Chalbaud Guinea.

Phantse zonke i Orinoco aqukuqela Venezuela, kodwa ezinye iindawo kuyo ulale Colombia. Bedlula inxalenye esemntla lizwekazi, umfula ugeleza kungena Gulf of Paria, yaye ukusuka apho waya Atlantic Ocean.

Ubude Orinoco River - 2736 km, okwenza ukuba enye amadama inde eMzantsi Merika. ngamalungu ezahlukeneyo ububanzi ukusuka km 250 m ukuya kwi-10. Ngexesha ekukhukuleni i Orinoco ukuze kuphalala ukuya km-22 ububanzi. Ubunzulu lomlambo le nto inkulu - Indawo yayo ephezulu ifikelela 100 m.

Nohlobo Orinoco River

Ukuhamba kwe Orinoco sinqongophele kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu. River izithuthi kumphatha kuphela kwindawo elifumileyo ogudle. Lo ngumlinganiselo oyimfuneko ngenxa Ukwahluka kwechibi umlinganiswa. Apha, zonke iiyure 6-7 ezi tide kakhulu, nto leyo ethintela iimpahla ukuhamba. Nombuso komlambo Orinoco, kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kunye lonyaka. Kwixesha elomileyo lonyaka, oko iba inkqubo amachibi kunye imigxobhozo, kwaye lemvula - endlala.

Ngexesha umlambo Orinoco kwi umthombo - wasemzantsi-ntshona. ngcembe eziqhelekileyo baphikele i arc. Emva koko, le ulwalathiso Orinoco River iyatshintsha. Ayajika ukuya emantla emntla-mpuma. Apho, umlambo ungena kulo Atlantic Ocean. Izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi gqolo zilala phezu lonke ubude, ngaphandle kwendawo umthombo. Ekubeni lo mlambo asuka ezintabeni, kuloo ndawo ayajika ngokukhawuleza kunokuba emathafeni.

Uncedo amadama

Xa efikelela kuyo Orinoco River linani elikhulu seengxangxasi zabo bonke ubukhulu. Oku kungenxa kumphezulu enamatye kwaye ezimagqagala le ndawo. Xa kutshona kwezisezantsi kwaye kumbindi Orinoco River mmandla uthe tyaba.

Ngakumbi Orinoco Delta sele branched ngamandla, ukwakha iqela elikhulu nemingenela kunye namachibi. Enkosi kubo, le ndawo kakhulu sithi ndijonge. Omlambo lomlambo ezikhethekileyo, kuba, nangona mthombo ofanayo, ngamnye kubo une umbala ngamnye kunye nokwakhiwa amanzi ekhethekileyo. Inqanaba amanzi kuwo naye njalo njengoko kuxhomekeke kubungakanani ye kwezulu. Kule nokungena lonyaka elomileyo koma ngamandla okanye ibe namachibi amancinci

Enye omlambo i-Orinoco - Casiquiare inxibelelanisa kuyo umlambo edume kakhulu futhi elibaleka ngokupheleleyo-eMzantsi Melika - Amazon.

Izilwanyana i Orinoco River

Izilwanyana nkqubo Orinoco umlambo yahlukile. Kuye 700 iintlobo eziphilileyo. River amanzi igcwele iintlanzi. Ulikhaya eels zombane kunye catfish, iikhilogram ezimbalwa, nto leyo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi ndawalusa ngazo nabantu basekuhlaleni. Noko ke, simele sibe ungaboyiki piranhas kunye iingwenya ezifumaneka apha eninzi. indawo Orinoco - likhaya kumawakawaka iintlobo zeentaka. Ulikhaya ibises nebomvu, flamingos, izikhwenene ezimibalabala. On the zinako ukuhlangabezana amafudo ezinkulu kunye nezinye izirhubuluzi. Emazantsi omlambo kumiwa hi nkawu ezininzi - capuchins, Afrka, macaques, kwakunye nabameli entsapho cat - ocelots, jaguar, puma kunye nabanye.

abakhenkethi abaninzi zihamba i Orinoco River ngethemba lokubona anacondas enkulu. Kodwa apha unako ukufumana iintlobo ezinqabileyo kakhulu - pink kunye dolphins lomlambo gray, iilynx emlanjeni omkhulu, manatees imfuyo kunye nezezirhubuluzi zazenziwe ehlabathini - Orinoco Crocodile. Namhlanje, ezi ntlobo ngeliso ezisengozini kwaye kuthathwa phantsi nokhuseleko.

Le flora omlambo

Ihlathi ezikhula ecaleni komlambo igcwale. Ngoko ke, ubomi bezityalo nto iluhlaza kwaye zahlukene. Xa esezantsi kuyo umlambo nezihluma lexinene ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yenani elikhulu imidiliya ezenza iindawo zasekuhlaleni ivaleke. Noko ke, abo ukulawula ukuhamba emahlathini Orinoco bayabanjwa bromeliads ngokugqithiseleyo lokudubula kweentyatyambo neentyatyambo.

Phakathi imithi esilawulwa imangrove. iingcambu zabo uye phantsi ngqo emanzini, apho walungisa ukutya. amahlathi ezininzi mixed izakwandisa kukhule imithi emide, imithi ezahlukahlukeneyo iziqhamo.

Ixabiso esemlanjeni ubomi bezoqoqosho babantu

Zokuhlala kufutshane kunxweme Orinoco phantse namnye. Noko ke, kukho kwakhona kukho izizwe zomthonyama, apho umlambo iye yaba umthombo wokutya nje kuphela, kodwa ingeniso olongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, friendly Indian izizwe Warao basekuhlaleni waphila apha iminyaka emininzi. izindlu zabo encinane eyenziwe ngomthi yasekelwa, abuye avuke ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ukongeza nokuloba, ukuba benza ukuthuthwa nabakhenkethi Orinoco River. Igama elithi "Warao" lithetha "abantu iphenyane", ngokusondeleyo unjalo isizwe abangekaphuhli exhuma ubomi bakhe ngamanzi.

Eyona projekthi inkulu kwiidolophu ezimbalwa kwi Orinoco River - oku Ciudad Guayana. Kwaba ecaleni kwakhe phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela baqalisa ukwakha kumazibuko. Oku kwaba sisiphumo ekufumanekeni yentsimbi ekrwada kunye nezinye izimbiwa. Okwangoku, umsebenzi processing ekrwada kuyaqhubeka. ichibi Kwakhona phezu komlambo kwamanye amalwimi ezifakiweyo ephehla ugesi ngamanzi.

Kutshanje, amathafa engca olunzulu yetropika le Orinoco isitya sisetyenziselwa okutyisa imfuyo. Oku kuthetha sibuye nomkhwezeli, njengoko imihlambi izilwanyana unyathele ingca udle inani elikhulu izityalo, kwakunye ukuthotywa umhlaba kanye echumayo.

Tourism kwi Orinoco komlambo

isiseko woKhanketho Orinoco River waqalisa ukuba kutshanje kuphela. Namhlanje le ndawo ubenomtsalane izama ngokwenene. Abakhenkethi angabona uhambo isikhephe umdla, ivumela ukuhlola zonke imiphantsi omlambo, ukuze uqhelane kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana, ukuze azichukumise inkcubeko wemileniyam ye bendawo.

Iindawo ezinika umdla Orinoco ekunokuthiwa ezithandwayo namhlanje, ulwalathiso njengoko nokhenketho olujongene nokusingqongileyo. iindawo ezininzi apha zingabanjwanga yaye yamandulo. arhente ezinika ngeenkqubo ezininzi ukuze zilungele bonke Ukuthanda. Kuxhomekeka ozithandayo, ungathatha ukubhukuda, iphenyane, intlanzi (ingakumbi ezithandwayo nepiranha), uhamba ehlathini atyelele ilali Warao. Kukho zombini iinkqubo imini nobusuku.