Injini ngokwayo i-steam: inkcazo ecacileyo, imidwebo

Injini ye-steam yaqala ukwanda kwayo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kwaye sele sele ngelo xesha akukho kuphela iiyunithi ezinkulu kwiinjongo zoshishino, kodwa nezakhiwo zokuzihombisa. Ngokona nxalenye, abathengi babo babezizityebi, abafuna ukuzondla bona kunye nabantwana babo. Emva kokuba iiyunithi zengxube zingene ebomini bentlalo, iinjine zokutyelela zaqala ukusetyenziswa kwiiyunivesithi kunye nezikolo njengemasampula emfundo.

Iinjine ze-steam zexesha lethu

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukufaneleka kweenjini ze-steam zaqala ukuwa. Enye yeenkampani ezimbalwa ezaqhubeka zivelisa i-mini-injini ziyi-British firm Mamod, ekuvumela ukuba uthenge isampuli kwezixhobo ezinjalo nanamhlanje. Kodwa iindleko zeenjini ezinjenge-steam zihamba ngokugqithiseleyo ngamanqaku angamakhulu amabini ama-pounds angama-pterling, ayingekho encinci kwiintlinketshi ezimbini. Ngokukodwa kwabo bathanda ukuqokelela zonke iintlobo zeendlela zabo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukudala injini ye-steam ngezandla zabo.

Isixhobo senjini silula. Umlilo utshaya i-cauldron ngamanzi. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokushisa, amanzi ajika abe yintlambo, ephosa ipiston. Ngelixa itanki linamanzi, i-flywheel exhunywe kwi-piston iya kujikeleza. Le yinkqubo efanelekileyo yesakhiwo senjini ye-steam. Kodwa unako ukuqokelela umzekelo kunye noqwalaselo oluhluke ngokupheleleyo.

Ewe, masihambe kwinqanaba lezinto ezithandekayo. Ukuba unomdla wokwenza okuthile ngezandla zakho, kwaye ke iimoto ezingonakaliyo zikumangalise, ke le nqaku ikuyo kuwe, siya kukuxelela ngokuvuyisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlangana kunye nenjini injini. Ngexesha elifanayo inkqubo yokudala umbane unika uvuyo olungaphantsi koyilo lwayo.

Indlela yoku-1: injini ye-mini injini ngezandla

Ngoko, makhe siqale. Siza kuqokelela i-injini ye-steam elula ngezandla zethu. Imidwebo, izixhobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nolwazi olukhethekileyo alufunayo.

Okokuqala, sithatha i- aluminium ezinokuphuza . Cima isithathu esezantsi. Ngenxa yoko siphumelela emacaleni, ngoko kufuneka zifakwe kwiipelisi. Senza ngokucophelela ukuze singanqumanga. Ekubeni iinqanawa ezininzi ze-aluminium zinezantsi le-concave, kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa. Kwanele ukunyanzela umunwe wakhe ngokusondeleyo nxamnye nayiphi na indawo elukhuni.

Kwimitha eyi-1.5 cm ukusuka kumgca ophezulu we "galasi" ephumela ekubeni kubalulekile ukwenza imingxuma emibili. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-punch kule nto, kuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ifunyenwe kububanzi obungama-3 mm. Ngezantsi kweebhanki sifaka ikhandlela lokuhlobisa. Ngoku thabatha i-table yesikhombisi, u-mnem yona, uze uyifake nge-mini-burner yethu.

Imizi yomsila

Emva koko, kufuneka uthathe ucezu lobhedu obude be-15-20 cm. Kubalulekile ukuba ungaphakathi ngaphakathi, njengoko oku kuya kuba yindlela yethu ephambili yokuzisa isakhiwo kwisinyathelo. Inxalenye ephambili yebhubhu ihlanganiswe ngeepencil 2 okanye amaxesha amathathu, ukwenzela ukuba i-spiral encane ifumaneke.

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukubeka le nto ukuze indawo ephilileyo ibeke ngqo ngaphaya kwekhandlela ikhandlela. Ukwenza oku, fakela ityhubhu kwindawo yobhalo "M". Kule meko, sichaza amacandelo awela phantsi kwimingxuma ekhoyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ityhubhu yobhedu igxininiswe ngokugqithiseleyo phezu kwe-wick, kwaye imiphetho yayo iyimibhobho ekhethekileyo. Ukuze isakhiwo sijikeleze, kuyimfuneko ukugoba iinjongo ezichaseneyo ze "M-element" kwii-90 degrees kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Injini ye-steam ikulungele.

Ukuqala injini

I-can ingeniswa kwisitya kunye namanzi. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuba umda we-tube ungaphantsi komhlaba. Ukuba amaqabunga awanelanga ngokwaneleyo, unokongeza ubunzima obuncinci kumgangatho we-can. Kodwa qaphela - musa ukucima yonke injini.

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuzalisa ityhubhu ngamanzi. Ngenxa yoko, umda omnye unganciphisa emanzini, kwaye enye ingayifaka emoyeni ngepayipi. Sinciphisa i-can kumanzi. Sitshabalalisa i-wick yekhandlela. Emva kwexesha elithile, amanzi ekuvuthayo aya kuba yintlambo, ephantsi koxinzelelo iza kuphuma kwiindawo eziphambene nemiguphu. Ibhanki iya kuqala ukujikeleza itanki ngokukhawuleza. Yile ndlela esenza ngayo injini kunye ne-steam yethu. Njengoko ubona, yonke into ilula.

Imodeli yesitampu se-steam kubantu abadala

Ngoku siza kuluhlukumeza umsebenzi. Siza kubuthela injini eyingozi ngakumbi kunye ne-steam yethu. Okokuqala kufuneka uthabathe inqaku lokupenda. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ihlambulukile. Ngodonga lwe-2-3 cm ukusuka ngasezantsi, cima itekiti kunye nobukhulu be-15 x 5 cm. Icala elide libekwe ngokufanayo kumgangatho we-can. Ukususela kwintsimbi yentsimbi sasiqhekeza isiqwenga se-12 x 24 cm. Ukususela kumacala omabini kwinqanaba elide silinganisa u-6 cm. Sigoba la macandelo kwinqanaba lama-90 degrees. Sifumana i-"table-table" encinci kunye nommandla we-12 x 12 cm kunye neenyawo ze-6 cm. Sikulungiselela ukwakhiwa okubangelwa phantsi kwe-can.

Ngomlinganiselo wekhava, kukho imingxuma emininzi kufuneka ibekwe kwaye ibekwa kwifom ye-semicircle kunye nesiqingatha sesiqhekeza. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba imingxuma ibe nobubanzi obuyi-1 cm. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukungena kweendawo zangaphakathi. Injini ye-steam ayiyi kukwazi ukusebenza kakuhle ukuba akukho moya okwaneleyo ukufikelela kumthombo womlilo.

Into ephambili

Ukususela kwibhubhe yobhedu kuhamba. Kuyimfuneko ukuthatha malunga neekhilomitha ezili-6 zesitampu esilubileyo sobhedu esinomlinganiselo we-1/4-intshi (0.64 cm). Ukususela ekupheleni kwesinye silinganisa i-30 cm. Ukuqala ukusuka kweli nqaku, kubalulekile ukwenza u-5 ubude bujikeleze kunye nobubanzi be-12 cm nganye. Eminye i-tube ithambile kwiincinci ezili-15 kunye nobubanzi be-8 cm. Ngaloo ndlela, kwenye indawo ekupheleni kufuneka kube ne-20 cm ye-tube ye-free.

Ezi zimbini iziphumo zigqityiwe kwiimvenge kwi-lid. Ukuba kuvela ukuba ubude becandelo elichaneleyo alanele ngokwale nto, ke ukuphendulwa komnye ukuvulwa kungabhaliswa. Kwiqonga elifakwe kwangaphambili, gcina amalahle. Kule meko, ukupasa kufuneka kufakwe ngaphaya kweli qonga. Amalahle ahlelwe kakuhle phakathi kwekhoyili. Ngoku ibhanki iyavalwa. Ekugqibeleni, sinomlilo oza kuqhuba injini. Ngezandla zakhe, injini ye-steam iya kwenziwa. Ihlala isincinane.

Itanki yamanzi

Ngoku ufanele uthathe enye ingcambu phantsi kwepeyinti, kodwa sele isincinci. Ephakathi kwendawo yokubopha, bhoxa umgodi u-1 cm ububanzi. Ngasecaleni lesingeniso, ezinye izimbobo zenziwe ezimbini-enye ibe ngaphantsi, yesibini-ngasentla, kwisibonda.

Thatha i-crusts ezimbini, phakathi kwendawo apho imingxuma eyenziwe kwi diameter yethubhu yethusi. Ngomlinganiselo owodwa, faka i-25 cm yepayipi yeplastiki, kwenye - 10 cm, ukwenzela ukuba i-plug yayo ingabonwa ngaphandle kweeplagi. Ekuvukeni okuphantsi kwamancinci amancinci, i-crust nge tube long ende ifakwe, ephezulu-ityhubhu emfutshane. Sifaka intombazana encinci kwibhodi enkulu yokupenda ukuze umgodi osezantsi uphelele kwicala eliphambene neengcingo zokungena umoya.

Isiphumo

Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka kulandelwe ulwakhiwo olulandelayo. Kwidiza elincinci, amanzi athululelwa kuwo, apho, ngomngxuma osezantsi, ugelela kwibhubhe yobhedu. Ngaphantsi kwemoya, umlilo uvuthayo, ovutha isitsha sebhedu. Ukufudumala kweshushu kuphakamisa ityhubhu.

Ukuze i-mechanism igqitywe, kuyimfuneko ukufakela i-piston kunye ne-flywheel kwisiphelo esiphezulu sebheyibhile yethusi. Ngenxa yoko, amandla omshushu omlilo aya kuguqulwa abe yimpembelelo yokujikeleza kwevili. Kukho amacebo amaninzi ahlukeneyo ekudaleni injini enjalo yomlilo, kodwa kuzo zonke izinto zihlala zibandakanya-umlilo kunye namanzi.

Ukongezelela kulo mhlaba, kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlangane ne- injini ye -steam ye-Stirling ngezandla zomntu, kodwa eli nqaku liyinqaku elihlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.