Indlela yokwenza ukope in networks computer

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, siyakhubeka kaninzi bathi igama elithi "indlela": imoto kuhola wendlela, indlela intambo. Igama kwakhona isetyenziswa abathungi xa besebenza kunye imizobo, badwelisi benkqubo xa edebugging isicelo, abalawuli lothungelwano computer , njl Loo zisasazwe ngokubanzi ayikuvumeli inkcazelo ecacileyo -., Kuxhomekeka isicelo uneempawu zawo ngokwahlukeneyo elibekiweyo. Ngokubanzi, kulo mzila ngendlela, okanye, ukuba ngaba ukhetha, umgca phantsi kwemiqathango.

Kwinqaku lwanamhlanje siya kugxininisa ubugcisa womnatha: indlela yokwenza, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Kodwa kuqala, makhe sibone ukuba ngubani na kunokuba luncedo umbandela. Ukuba nabalawuli abancedisi zonke kuyaqondakala, kuba umsebenzi wabo ngqo, njani lu dityanisiwe uqingqe i umsebenzisi eqhelekileyo computer? A nesimo abaninzi: elinye (okanye hayi) Point Site owuthandayo kwi womnatha lwehlabathi ayisekho evulekileyo. Le ngxaki kunye udibaniso? Okanye, kumncediswe target ziqhutywa nawuphi na umsebenzi? Okanye onegunya lokusebenzela omnye ukunyusa yasekuhlaleni ngandlel ngokungachanekanga oqhubekekisa isicelo? Iyaqondakala into yokuba wonke umntu ufuna ukwazi isizathu ngokwenene ngokuba kwenzeka ntoni, kunokuba isetshe ukukhangela lwesimo zabo. Kuba oku azizixhobo ezimbini software evumela ukukhangela le sayithi kunye ping umkhondo.

Nawuphi site - ingqokelela amaphepha umbhalo (meta-language), apho ibekwe kwi umncedisi. Le ikhompyutha ezizodwa (host), iwotshi liqhagamshelaniswe kwinethiwekhi. Xa umsebenzisi kwi bar idilesi lweebhrawuza ngenisa site igama isicelo lomncedisi uthunyelwa carrier, kwaye ibuyisela impendulo (isiza iyavezwa). Noko ke, kunqabile ikhompyutha yomsebenzisi elidityaniswe ngqo le migca unxibelelwano ngumncedisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, phakathi kwabo kukho nezinye iiyunithi - iiseva eziphakathi, ngokomkhethe "transparent" ukuba isicelo. Sokulandela kumncedisi inika uhlobo map - indlela apho uphawu idlula. ukubukela ngocoselelo, ungenza bonisa okuba eliphezulu unobangela ukungasebenzi le resource.

Ukwazi ukwenza njani umkhondo, unako ngoko nangoko "kunqunyulwa" isiphoso le uqhagamshelwano ngentambo okanye useto yomkhangeli zincwadi. Njengoko lula emiselwe ingxaki kunye nomboneleli. Ukuze siqonde ukuba ukwenza njani umkhondo, kakhulu nje, ngokuba isoftware eyimfuneko ibandakanyiwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza ezinkulu (Vindous, Linux, Mac OS). Kwimeko yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba "tracert", kunye yesibini - "traceroute". Oku kuchasene, ke ukusebenza data isixhobo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo efanayo.

Masithi kwinkqubo Vindous engaphenduli ukuvula isiza site, nazo zonke ezinye izixhobo web ziyafumaneka. Indlela yokwenza, azafunyanelwa ndawo? Ngokucindezela ukuhlanganiswa "Win + R", silubaleke ilayini yomyalelo. In line ochwetheziweyo "site tracert 'lize lenze (Faka). A window ivela kunye neziphumo yangoku. Bahlale ezahlukeneyo. Kuya kuxhomekeka ixakeke kangakanani esiludumbo iseva kunye protocol iipakethi ndlela data ekhethiweyo.

Ngenxa lwesivakalisi ngasentla unikwa inani elipheleleyo iiseva aphakathi, zabo IP-iidilesi, yaye pinging ixabiso ngamnye kubo. Oversized Ping kuthetha ukulibaziseka ukuvulwa site wetekeni, kodwa lokuphuma umyalezo lekhefu ibonisa eyayicace kwindlela (track). Hi ndlela leyi, ubukho babo akuthethi ukuba isayithi ayithethi ukuvula, njengoko kuphela iingxaki ngokungesosigxina, makungabi kwisiza. Enyanisweni isixhobo tracert inika iinkcukacha zohlobo, nangona ukuthembeka yabo kakhulu eliphezulu. Ukuba ukulibaziseka lwenzeka kwiindawo eziphakathi, kuyimfuneko uphindwe isicelo emva kwexesha - ukutshintsha indlela kunye nesayithi izakuvula. Kodwa ukuba ukulibaziseka kumncediswe target, unobangela kakuhle into izicacele - yinto ezitho ingxaki kwicala lomniki ukusingathwa.