Indawo yomlilo kwindawo yokhuni: iimpawu zokufakela, izixhobo kunye nokuhlaziywa

Indlu yokhuni ininzi kakhulu kunomlilo kuneyona eyakhiwa kuyo izakhiwo okanye izitena ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, abaninzi abanini bezakhiwo ezinqatshelwe ukufaka indawo yomlilo, ngamanye amaxesha bafuna ukuhlala ebusuku. Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkxalabo zingabizwa kungekudala, ukuba ugcina iteknoloji yokufaka kunye nemigaqo yokukhusela umlilo. Iingcali ziphuhlise ubuchwepheshe bokukwakha umlilo kwizindlu zokhuni. Ngokulandela imiyalelo, unciphisa umngcipheko womlilo ubuncinci.

Ukufakelwa komlilo

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokufaka indawo yomlilo endlwini yokhuni, kufuneka ufunde kabanzi malunga nezixhobo zayo zokuyila. Ziya kuphazamisa ubugcisa bokwakha. Ngaloo ndlela, indlu yokhuni iza kuhlawulela iminyaka emininzi emva kokugqitywa kwemisebenzi ekwakheni kwayo. Ukunikezelwa kwezi zixhobo, kufuneka uhambe kwindawo ethile phakathi kwelayili kunye nomlilo. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, lo mgangatho kufuneka ulingane no-30 cm. Iminyaka emithathu indlu ingahlala kwi-15 cm.

Xa uceba ukwakha indawo yomlilo, kufuneka ulungise iintlobo ezininzi zezitena. Umzekelo, ibomvu isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwe-main massif, ngelixa iimveliso ezikhankanyayo ziza kuseka isiseko somlilo. Ityhimpe iya kwenziwa ngeeshicilelo zetsimbi. Kwintliziyo yomlilo isiseko, esibekwe kwindawo yomda. Umgca wokugqibela uzaliswe ngophuthi, emva kokuba emva kokupakisha kuhlanganiswe. Ukuqhubela phambili, ithululelwa ngesitya se-sement, esilungiswa kwisilinganiso se-1 ukuya kwe-3. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubeka itena, isiseko sihlanganiswe nokuphahlazeka okanye ukuphahlazeka, ezi zinto zenza njengokungena kwamanzi.

Umgangatho wangaphakathi wendawo yokucima umlilo awunakutyhulwa nge-plaster, ngoko le ngqimba ingatshatyalaliswa kwinkqubo yokusebenza ukusuka kwimpembelelo yobushushu obuphezulu. Isisombululo esiphezulu ngaphakathi kubumbano kufuneka sisuswe kwaye sitshekishwe. Indawo echanekileyo yekhenkce kufuneka ihlolwe nge-plumb. Ukuba amashalofu aphantsi kwendawo yokucima umlilo, ke umthi ophethe unyango wokulwa nomlilo kufuneka usetyenziswe oku.

Imithetho yokufaka indawo yomlilo

Ngaphambi kokufaka indawo yomlilo endlwini yokhuni, kufuneka uhlukanise udonga lwangaphakathi. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa izinto zokwakheka kweefilitha, ezichazwe yindlalifa. Olu liseko lunokuthi lube yintsimbi okanye i-aluminium. Ukukhuselwa kwesilwanyana kwimiphumo yokushisa ephezulu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa ibhodi ye-gypsum, ehlanganiswe nesitya sokuncibilika kwesinyithi njengokhuseleko.

Isigubungelo esingaphantsi kweso sakhiwo kufuneka senziwe singenakutsha. Njengazo zinto, ungasebenzisa iileyili zeteri, ishidi lesitye, kunye nelitye. Kuba ilungiselelo lesitshini licetyiswa ukuba lisetyenziselwe ukusebenzisa iipaneli ezingenamlilo.

Ukulungiselela izixhobo kunye nezixhobo

Ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe indawo yokucima umlilo kwindawo yokukhuni, kufuneka ulungiselele zonke izixhobo ezifunekayo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, phakathi kwazo:

• Uluhlu;
• Nqanaba;
• Cement;
• Sandla;
• Isitya sokuxuba isisombululo;
• Bob bob;
• Izitena ezingenawo umlilo;
• Iphepha leFayili;
• Ruberoid.

Ukuba indawo yomlilo ikhulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye isiseko sayo sikhulu, ngoko, mhlawumbi, i mixerkriter iyadingeka. Kukho nawuphi na, ubukho balo abukwazi ukubizwa ngokuba buyingqungquthela. Umsebenzi ngoncedo lwawo uza kugqitywa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.

Ukuphonononga malunga neempawu zokufaka indawo yomlilo

Umlilo ngaphakathi kwindlu yeenkuni, ngokweendawo zabanikazi bezindlu zangasese, kufuneka zidalwe kwizinto ezikhethekileyo kunye nomdaka. Iimveliso zomzimba ezipheleleyo zihlala zisetyenziselwa oku, kodwa ezinye izinto ezinokushisa zingasetyenziselwa. Ngaphambili, isitena somgangatho ophezulu sisetyenzisiweyo, efana nombala kunye nobukhulu. Isisombululo, njengoko abakhandi bekhaya bagxininisa, kufuneka babe nesamente, udongwe nesanti. Ngenye inxalenye yesimente kufuneka ibe yiziqatha zesanti ezisibhozo. Okokuqala, isanti kunye ne-samente zixutywe, ngoko unokongeza udongwe. Kwinkqubo yokuxuba umxube, kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa ukuhlalisana okupheleleyo kokubunjwa.

Ukubhekisela

Xa indawo yomlilo yakhiwe endlwini yokhuni, umgangatho wezithako ezisetyenziselwa isisombululo kubaluleke kakhulu. Isantyambo kufuneka ihlanjwe ngesihlunu esihle, udongwe kufuneka lukhululeke kwii-inclusions zangaphandle, lugxininiswe ngaphambi kokuba ubisi lobumba luvele.

Izixhobo zokufakela isiseko

Isiseko somlilo kufuneka sihluke kwisakhiwo esingaphantsi kwesakhiwo esikhulu. Okokuqala, njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, umgodi ucutshulwa, ubukhulu obufanele bube ngaphezu kwe-perimeter xa kuthelekiswa nomlilo ozayo nge-10 cm. Ubunzulu bokufunwa kufuneka bube malunga no-70 cm. Ukuphakama kwayo kufuneka kube ngaphezu kwezinga elingaphantsi kwe-5 cm. Kule fomu kunokwenzeka ukuba ubeke amatye enqabileyo, atyathelwa ngamatye . Isiseko sesiseko siqingqiwe, kwaye umgangatho wayo uphelelwe ifilimu ye-polyethylene. Kule meko, isakhiwo kufuneka sishiye ngeveki.

Iingcebiso zokufaka indawo yomlilo

Ngaphambi kokuba uzakhelwe indawo yomlilo kwisitye, uphantsi komgangatho ophantsi kwimiqolo emibini ukufakwa kwamanzi kubeka, ke isiseko senziwe, izitena ekufuneka zifakwe kumda. Xa ubeka iindonga zeemveliso zithe cwaka. Ngaphambi kokufakela, izitena kufuneka zifakwe emanzini imizuzu embalwa, oku kuya kuthintela izinto ezibonakalayo ekuthineni umswakama kwisisombululo. Ukuba ubuncwane bobugcisa buye bafunyaniswa, ukungenakucatshulwa okanye izitenxo zezitena zifunyenwe, umgangatho wangaphandle wesakhiwo unokutshaywa okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwesininzi lungasetyenziselwa. Oku kuza kufihla amaphutha ngaphandle kokuguqulwa.

Sebenza ngokugqithisa

Ukuba ucinga ngombuzo wendlela yokufaka indawo yomlilo endlwini yokhuni, kufuneka uzifundele ubuchwephesha bokubeka ilitye. Oku kuya kubumba ulwakhiwo olupheleleyo. I-Topo i-overo ingaba yindumiso yangempela, ifanele ibekwe kwizitena kwimigca engqambileyo. Njengesisombululo esinye singenza ukubunjwa kwe-arch. Izinto ezihlobisayo zinokuba ngamatye, imabula okanye imithi. Inkcazo iya kukhangeleka, i-wedge okanye i-jumper jumpers, ebonakalayo. Xa isakhiwo somlilo sakhiwe endlwini yokhuni ngezandla zakho, unokwenza ibhuloho enemibala yezitena ezibekwe phantsi kwaye zilungelelwe kwifom. Oku kuya kudala iisundu ze-wedge-shaped seams ene-3 mm. Ukususela ngaphezu kobukhulu bamajoyina kunokufikelela kuma-25 mm. Iibhuloji zamarida kunye neengqungqelo mazibekwe kwifom yomsebenzi, umongo ohambelana neenkcukacha ezichaziweyo. Ubumbano kufuneka bugqitywe ngezitena eziphambili, ezibekwe ngokubhekiselele kwisithando somlilo.

Ngokukhusela umlilo

Ukufakwa kwesimo somlilo wesitofu kwindlu yamaplanga kufuneka kuhambisane nokugcina imigaqo yokukhusela umlilo. Nangona udonga oludibeneyo lwenziwe ngezinto ezinokutsha, akuvumelekanga ukuba ufake i-oven kuyo. Kuya kubakho ukwenza ukongezwa olongezelelweyo lwe-thermal insulation. Ukuba udonga lendlu yokhuni lenziwe ngamaplanga, ngoko ke kukho okufunekayo ukumisa udonga lwekhonkrithi okanye itena.

Isiphelo

Ukuba ujamelene nombuzo wokufaka ifuni yomlilo kwindawo yokhuni, kufuneka umntu aqwalasele iimpawu zendlela yokwakha ityhuna. Ukuba le nxalenye yesakhiwo yakhiwe njengesiqwenga, ke ukugxininiswa kwayo kufuneka kwenziwe kwinqanaba elixhasayo lomhlaba kunye nodonga. Ngale ndlela, ukudibanisa phakathi kombhobho kunye nomlilo kufuneka kuguquguquke kwaye kwandiswe, kuba ukunyuka kwendlu kungenzeka.