Incopho Dinosaurs: iintlobo, inkcazelo, imvelaphi

Ngokutsho paleontologists mihla, izirhubuluzi bamandulo isigebenga eqala ukuhlola element enamanzi ekupheleni kwethuba Permian ubomi bakhe emhlabeni. Izazinzulu zithi izinto ezirhubuluzayo bamandulo ubomi bakhe njalo emva emanzini. Isizathu sokuba loo - intabalala yokutya zasemanzini, kakade, ukhuseleko.

Iilwandle neelwandlekazi

Exakayo, ukuze ubomi kwiilwandle kunye neelwandle akufuneki yafuna izirhubuluzi yamandulo uhlengahlengiso angundoqo umzimba: umntu nje ukukhumbula izinto ezirhubuluzayo mihla ezihlala emanzini, kodwa abaliqela imilo ilizwe. Ngokomzekelo, iingwenya okanye iguana zaselwandle.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba intshukumo kunye namandla iidayinaso emanzini - sayo iindleko zamandla akhawunti ukuba ikota kuphela iindleko eziyimfuneko intshukumo yabo nokondla ngqo phezu kwelizwe! Ngakumbi lula babuyela amanzi ukuze ngokuba iidayinaso zamandulo - ekupheleni abafileyo izinto zazivelela. Kodwa elo lelinye ibali.

I Dinosaurs yokuqala sibhabhe - oobani noobani ke?

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba amanzi enyaniso iintlobo iidayinaso baye Permian Mesosaur emele subclass anapsid. Kakade emva kwawo emanzini babuyela abameli Diapsid ebizwa njalo-bakudala: tangozavry, hovazavrusy kunye klaudiozavry.

Bonke fanele ku eozuhy odolo kwaye ufikelela ubude cm-50 kuphela. Kuphela phakathi kweli thuba Triassic, i iidayinaso eziphaphazelayo "abadala" iimitha ukuya ezimbini ubude, ajike ekugqibeleni ibe ezirhubuluzayo kakhulu kwaye iyingozi.

Ngaphandle yayifana namhlanje leenewt kwiklasi eziphila: eozuhii amanzi nomsila elide, atshabalalisa emacaleni kunye Crest, udlulayo buyela umntla. I Triassic kweli hlabathi akukho manzi amaqela ngaphezulu kwe-5 izirhubuluzi. Omnye wabo thina nje kuxoxa - oko eozuhii amanzi. Makhe sihlole iinkcukacha, kunye nezinye iintlobo dinosaur eziphaphazelayo.

placodont

Ngaphandle, le izirhubuluzi afana itywina elincinane ixesha elide-tailed. ubude wabo ngaphantsi kwe-1,5 m. umzimba owenziwe Placodont yaye imilo yokuluka. Shona, imilenze ezincinane mfutshane. Iindlela bequbha Dinosaurs yelo placodont iqela zange kwahluka iintlobo ezikhethekileyo: izirhubuluzi kusolula nje ihamba umzimba imilenze yakhe nzima ezifutshane wahamba ngathi torpedoes kancinane.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, inyaniso lonke malunga iidayinaso-placodont nezinye izirhubuluzi abaninzi emanzini, ligutyungelwe bubumnyama kunye mfihlakalo. Izazinzulu uthambekele ukukholelwa ukuba le - inzala ka ethile anapsid yamandulo. Sekunjalo, lo placodont ubudala mfutshane - ezi zidalwa intsukaphi ekuqaleni Triassic, kodwa ukuphela kwayo extinct ngokupheleleyo.

nothosaurus

Oku kungaphezulu iidayinaso omnye etshisayo, ukuba wayehlala Triassic ngexesha. ubukhulu awo m 4 ubude, kodwa uninzi babo baba kakhulu ngaphantsi. ezirhubuluzayo ezitya unawo umzimba iimeko, umsila elifutshane, intamo kunokuba bhetyebhetye, lingana ne ukuya ubude lomzimba wabo.

Baye intloko encinane umlomo axhobe namazinyo abukhali. Ezi edalwe waya emanzini esebenzisa yeentshukumo kokuphindaphinda umsila odala amatshantliziyo, ngokunjalo phakathi kweenyawo zayo okwedada.

Nothosaurus xa kwavela imfuneko, baba lula ukhwela elunxwemeni kwaye basking elangeni. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ezizingelayo kwakukho iintlobo Crossopterygii yamandulo yeentlanzi. Kunika umdla ukuba kwisiqingatha sesibini kwexesha Triassic, aba bantu udale isebe elahlukileyo amarhamncwa zasemanzini ngoku eyaziwa-kakuhle - plesiosaurs. Ngokwabo nothosaurus extinct yi ekupheleni Triassic.

Tallatozavry

Abameli beli qela kufana nothosaurus ngentla, kuphela intamo intloko elifutshane nolukhulu. Iindlela bequbha dinosaur eli qela alinakuphelelwa ngokuba ezizodwa: ukuba nezingasetyenziselwa ukwenza Ngelixesha kwakwuse kumnyama ezihamba ngamathupha azo, waza watsala nje ecaleni emzimbeni placodont.

Izazinzulu uthambekele ukukholelwa kukho ukuba kubekho ezi zidalwa esithile anapsid wamandulo kunye nobu-, abadala ngaphezu eozuhii amanzi okhankanywe ngaphambili. Bafa yi ekupheleni Triassic, njengoko nothosaurus. Akukho nenzala emva kuye ekhohlo.

ichthyosaurs

Eli qela yokugqibela, apho zimelwe yi yeyona idumileyo ehlabathini lonke eziphaphazelayo iidayinaso - ichthyosaurs. Ichthyosaurs kunalo naliphi na iidayinaso zathi zamkelelwa nabaphila kwiilwandle kunye neelwandle. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba la marhamncwa - Diapsid inzala, yaye yintoni kanye - ayaziwa. Ichthyosaurs wabonakala kwixesha Permian, nangona iintsalela zindala kwezi izirhubuluzi abala ixesha Triassic osezantsi.

Ngaphandle ichthyosaurs uphinda imilo iintlanzi yanamhlanje. intloko yazo yonxantathu esebenzisa imihlathi eyoluliweyo yayifana dolphins entloko. Atshabalalisa yokuxazulula umzimba nkqo umsila yakudubula kunye ezihamba ngamathupha azo ibe amaphiko, ukwenza abahlukeneyo ukususela ngamalungu amanzi alo onke.

Giant lencopho phakathi dinosaur

Igama liopleurodon naye. Yeyona ezizingelayo inkulu emanzini zonke xesha, lelona iintlobo ezininzi ngaye. imilinganiso yalo nangoku ngesihloko abayeni zengxabano zenzululwazi. Uninzi iingcali, liopleurodon ubude unako ukufikelela-25 eemitha, nobunzima - ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-150! Ngokutsho kwabanye, kuba umhlaseli likhulu wakha waphila emhlabeni. Hi ndlela leyi, u fanele kwabo sele kuchaziwe, kunye plesiosaurs wayephila kwithuba സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe.