Imihlaba nezikhukhula: abalinganiswa kunye nokubekwa

Yintoni Umhlaba nezikhukhula? Iimpawu kunye nokubekwa kwezi Imihlaba ziya kunikwa sithi kweli nqaku. Igama imihlaba livela kwigama lesiLatini alluvio, gama elo elithetha "alluvium", "ebangela". Oku kuchaza etymology nemvelaphi kwimihlaba. Zidalwa imilambo inwash, ukuba ubunjwe ngamasuntswana zeengxondorha ukuba imilambo zothutho kufika eliphezulu ukuya kuli washiya kweendonga zayo ngexesha izikhukula. Loo nto ibizwa ngokuba alluvium. Yena echumayo ngenxa lomlambo babeke izimbiwa nje kuphela, kodwa iintsalela ngokobugcisa izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ukuhlelwa imihlaba emikhulu nezikhukhula. Ngapha koko, imilambo kufuneka umbuso nemin. Ukususela oko, kwenzeka rhoqo zesiselo kunye efanayo nezinye izinto, oko kuxhomekeke ukuba yintoni umhlaba zibe kwezinye iindawo. Makhe sijonge ezi ntlobo imihlaba ngokulandelelana.

Yintoni na ummandla wezandyondyo Amathambeka

wamanzi ngalinye ukutyhubela iinkulungwane kancane kancane kuyayitshintsha nobume belizwe ezikufutshane. Kwaye okukhona umlambo, iza kuya iqina ngakumbi le nkqubo. Yena ehendwa kunxweme. Ukususela kulo mzila liya livuleka. Kodwa ukongezelela ukhukuliseko lonxweme, yaye kukho inkqubo enzulu. Umlambo esika emazantsi ebhedini yakhe. Le nkqubo ibe kuthelekiswa kunye nesicelo amanxeba liqatywe. Okukhona ukulunywa imela, kokukhona amathuba emiphethweni yesikhumba. Kodwa olu thelekiso lunemiqathango kakhulu. Ukuba ujonga komlambo kweendonga zayo kwicandelo tyaba, ungakhetha ijelo, wezandyondyo Amathambeka. Kunye lokuqala icacile - le yindawo apho amanzi. emazantsi intlenga lwasemoyeni kunye nezinye neetyuwa apho,. Yezandyondyo - icandelo entilini komlambo, nto leyo ivele ngexesha eliphezulu lamanzi. Kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha i-flow ushiya iidipozithi kuyo. Ngenxa yale nkqubo zoqokelelo kuvelisa umhlaba nezikhukhula. Le masimu ukuqonda kakhulu kanye. Kodwa umlambo yakuhlamba nonxweme, baphangalala ukwenza kumathambeka egudileyo. Masimu kunye namathafa unogumbe ayikho yonke imilambo. Ngokomzekelo, xa anamandla imijelo yamanzi ahamba phakathi rock nzima yaye akakwazi kweso kuzo.

Iimpawu imihlaba nezikhukhula

Olu hlobo lomhlaba kuthatha ekhulwini ezintathu kuphela lizwe. Kodwa kucingwa kakhulu echumayo. Emva lomhlaba nezikhukhula - enyanisweni, eludakeni umlambo, esisityebi kwizimbiwa. Ngoko ke, ezi imihlaba ezixatyisiweyo kwezolimo. Khumbula ukuba yonke impucuko bokuqala abantu bazalwa yaphuhliswa emilanjeni: njengoMnayile, Yan Tszy kunye Yellow River, i iTigrisi umEfrate. La machibi wanika abantu umhlaba ochumileyo apho ukukhula isivuno nkqu kwinqanaba abangekaphuhli zokuvuna. Naxa Egypt mihla yonke kwezolimo yelizwe buzinze kuphela kwiindonga zeNayile. Nakwimihlaba nezikhukhula lwemihlaba ibekwe amadlelo, ezo amadlelo zibhetele amadlelo anike iinkomo ukudla ebusika. On masimu umlambo phambili lwediliya. Ngoncedo lwe sokufuna kwiindawo ehlathini isenzo yerayisi ekhulayo. zibalulekile kwi Fishery yezandyondyo. Eneneni, ebudeni imilambo apho sihamba ujungujungu kwaye izale abatsha.

Ukwahlukanisa zemihlaba nezikhukhula

Eyona uphawu kwezi imihlaba kukuba ngokukhawuleza bakhula. Ingakumbi kumayelana iindawo izikhukhula. Abanye konogumbe imilambo kwenzeka entlakohlaza ekuqaleni xa ikhephu linyibilike, abanye - ebusika (kwiMeditera imozulu), eyesithathu - ehlotyeni, ngexesha iimvula elingenazo. Kodwa ke urhulumente yoxinzelelo lwamanzi libonelela liphezulu kwaye (amanzi aphantsi) iirhafu zonyaka lisezantsi kwemali. Apho umlambo wamanzi aphezulu amagqabi awo, yinkqubo esinamandla numbers. Kodwa Imihlaba nezikhukhula wezandyondyo owahlukeneyo kumafa zabo. Xa kufika konogumbe, ukuhamba umlambo akakhawulezi kakhulu kufutshane ebhedini. Ngoko ke, inxalenye yonxweme ezinkudlwana ezifakwe - igrabile, isanti. Xa amanzi iphelile, ngeli xesha kwasekwa kwiilwandle upper. A phambili umganyana evela somlambo ngexesha kancinci. Kukho ezifakwe amasuntswana emihle - yl, udongwe. Kukho iindawo wezandyondyo apho zizaliswe ngonyaka ngamnye, kodwa kuphela izikhukhula. umhlaba sekhombuya enjalo. Ekugqibeleni, phezu masimu kukho Turf, ehlathini kunye nemihlaba engcotyeni iqanjwa kongezwe alluvium.

ngezigaba Dobrowolski

academician ezidume ugxininisa ntlobo ziphambili zilandelayo zomhlaba, akhiwa imisebenzi imilambo. GV Dobrovolsky eyenza emihlabeni ndongeni, alluvium kunye Turf eDibanisa. A bit akude emlanjeni, kwi wezandyondyo esembindini, apho imilambo nasezihlanjeni unako ukufikelela iikhilomitha eziliqela ububanzi, imihlaba engcotyeni ibekwe. Imihlaba nezikhukhula ye nomgxobhozo, zibekwe emazantsi ithala esezantsi, uninzi wamatye gleya. Kodwa uhlelo Dobrowolski wokufunda kusebenza kuphela imilambo Russian aqukuqelayo kuwo ngohlangothi mathafa kunye nemozulu epholileyo yezwekazi. Kwezinye iindawo zendalo ukuya ngokusebenzisa inkqubo zokuxinana kwamanzi kwiindawo ithala.

Ifuthe imozulu komhlaba

Umlambo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi ekubunjweni zemihlaba nezikhukhula. Yinto neetyuwa zakhe ezilalisa kweenxweme plain onogumbe. Kodwa kwakhona kumhlaba nezikhukhula oko kunefuthe kwemozulu, ingakumbi imvula. Kwiindawo kufumile kufuneka kwimihlaba emuncu. Kunye nokuhla imali kwemvula umhlaba ube cala ngakumbi. Imihlaba awana akhiwa kule ndawo eziyimiqwebedu. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba aya kuba nefuthe kumhlaba. Noko ke, impermanent. Kweli xesha yamanzi ephantsi kunye nembalela komhlaba baya nzulu emhlabeni. Kodwa ke ngexesha lemvula kunye neempuphuma, sinaye na isiphumo. I-akhwifa kunokukhokelela zokuxinana kwamanzi ngumhlaba, lubanike amatshe ethile. Ngakumbi kakhulu oko kuboniswa kumbindi kanye ithala le wezandyondyo.

Imihlaba evela kwimithombo ukuya umlomo womlambo

imilambo Ngokwesiqhelo abo bazalelwe kuloo ezintabeni. kusekho umlambo Small akanawo amandla ukuhlamba kude kweendonga zayo. Yaye phakathi rock nzima. Kodwa ke amanzi blurs iityuwa uvelisa dust kunye nezinto eziphilayo, i oxides ka yemanganizi nentsimbi, gypsum kunye netshokhwe, chloride kunye sodium sulfate. In efikelela kuyo imilambo ntaba alluvium erhabaxa, eyakhiwe iingqalutye kunye nesanti irhabaxa. Amanzi aqukuqela yinxalenye omthebelele Russia abe hydrography eyahlukileyo. Bona wazalelwa imigxobhozo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba Kwimihlaba nezikhukhula yezandyondyo, nkqu efikelela kuyo imilambo baphathe inxalenye ebalulekileyo wamatye. Xa sifika phakathi enemijelo nelezihlambo eWild kwaye etshintsha rhoqo iibhedi zabo. Kunciphisa isantya komlambo, nto leyo amanzi iba elingakhuliyo, nzima, kwaye kwimozulu kufumile nalo oxidized. Le mpembelelo ngqo kwi ukuyilwa zemihlaba nezikhukhula. Delta e iingxilimbela zolwelo ezifana iVolga Yenissei, Don, oko branched awele emkhonweni. Xa esezantsi yenkqubo nezikhukhula ibaluleke kakhulu. Kukho ezifakwe wamatye, udongwe, ₃ SaS0 ityuwa, potassium compound, isodiyam, manganese, intsimbi.

Imihlaba isoyi nezikhukhula

Ezi imihlaba ibekwe kufutshane lomlambo, Ugu izidanga. Bona lubonakala ngokuba imali encinane kakhulu nezichumisi ekwakhiweni. Nangona kwezi ndawo ixhaphakile ngonyaka wezandyondyo ngamnye, umlambo walala apho kukho alluvium kuphela rough - wesanti erhabaxa, shingle. Ngexesha izikhukhula kwakhiwa nasentshonalanga, ezithi ke ngoko zihlanjiwe yi kwezulu. Imihlaba nezikhukhula le gleying encinane bazipheka, ubume babo mechanical. maleko Top - esinobukhulu encinane isoyi friable. Ngezantsi kulele wamatye obhityileyo ikhoyo. ububanzi bayo, kuxhomekeke izityalo yonxweme ukufikelela iisentimitha ezintathu ukuya mabini. amafutha Nokuba ezisezantsi amalungiselelo texture ukukhanya. Ngoko abahluphekayo kwimihlaba wamatye azikho umdla kwezolimo.

Yintoni Umhlaba sekhombuya nezikhukhula

A bit ezikude kwebhedi emlanjeni, iintolo konxweme, iinkalo ukuba ixhaphakile nyaka ngamnye, kodwa kuphela igagasi eyomeleleyo (eRashiya - emva ubusika ingakumbi ngekhephu). Ngenxa yoko, nokufumba kumsinga zolwelo of texture ukukhanya (amatye, intlabathi) lo mzuzu ngeengcamba wamatye, nto leyo eyenziwe ukwetyisa utyani engcotyeni. umhlaba sekhombuya nezikhukhula, ngokuchaseneyo emhlabeni Turf, ezinomdla kakhulu kwezolimo. Kwezi nkalo caba kukhukulisa amadlelo abalimi iinkomo okanye ukusebenzisa phantsi hay. Iprofayile sekhombuya nezikhukhula umaleko womhlaba wamatye kufuneka iisentimitha amathathu ukuya amane zamafu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukhule utyani emadlelweni aluhlaza kunye amatyholo. Ezingcwalisiweyo bazipheka lukhona yenkangeleko, kodwa kulo maleko ubhityileyo - malunga ezintlanu cm. Ngezantsi kukho gleyed alluvium sekhombuya. nokwakheka Mechanical umhlaba kwi onzima.

Imihlaba nezikhukhula-engcotyeni

Asezikhundleni ikakhulu Central emazibukweni zizandyondyo. Ezi imihlaba iqanjwa osisivunda okanye obambe sandy neetyuwa slabosloistymi River. komhlaba nzulu kwanaxa feed wembalela ingca uhlaza. Ngenxa yoko, inkangeleko kuyilwa topsheet enamandla olungisiweyo entle wamatye nailivaniya. Akhwifa kubunzulu ongaphantsi ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kokuba imitha, capillary uyawondla utyani engcotyeni. Emazantsi yabucala komhlaba bakubona gleying. Wamatye nezikhukhula-engcotyeni imihlaba ka-amathathu ekhulwini ngaphezu in sekhombuya. Ukuba amanzi omhlaba nzima kakhulu, kwiindawo ezinjalo nokuphuhlisa wezandyondyo iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela solodized okanye zemihlaba enetyuwa. nempembelelo kwi ukubunjwa umhlaba utyani. Imithi namatyholo kwakhiwa uhlobo olunganeno nezikhukhula lomhlaba engcotyeni podzolized.

imihlaba Bog

Le misinga yamanzi, apho ngokuqhelekileyo kuvandlakanywa nearterrace kwindawo entilini lomlambo, kunye nemozulu kufumile kukho ngxi amanzi inkqubo. Ngaphandle akhwifa livela kumathambeka ukuliphuphumalisa kumphezulu. Zonke ezi zinto (amanzi komhlaba, imozulu lweCarribean, uncedo uxinzelelo) kungakhokelela ekubeni ezinjalo iziza ukuphuhlisa imihlaba nomgxobhozo nezikhukhula. Bona luphawulwa texture enzima, esisityebi umgquba, gleying. Ngenxa yesi sizathu phambili izityalo nomgxobhozo, maxa wambi semingculuba. iinkqubo ogleevaniya ezenzeka kunye nezikhukhula. Ukongeza, umhlaba kwandisa ngenxa beqokelela wamatye. Kuba uhlobo enjalo kwenziwa yokusabela inokuba nokuba emuncu okanye okwanamhlanje obrak.

masimu zomhlaba

Asimele silibale ukuba iibhanki ephakamileyo imilambo, kakhulu, isongiwe yodwa nezikhukhula. Kuphela - ezindala ngaphezu uninzi zemihlaba lwemihlaba. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane kunye zeminyaka kwi masimu ayila ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ezinye izizathu - ihlathi podzolic, engcotyeni, umhlaba omnyama. Kodwa phantsi lokhu balala umhlaba efanayo nezikhukhula.