Zempilo, Amayeza
Imigomo Uluhlu ukuya kunyaka abantwana. Ikhalenda ka ugonyo abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye
Abazali Modern ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: okokuqala wakhetha ugonyo lwabantwana, abanye nxamnye, kanti ezinye ngeengcinga. Phambi kufutshane nayiphi na amaqela, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqonde isigama "ugonyo" uze uziqhelanise umbandela thaca. Siza kukhangela kuzo zonke ugonyo eziphambili ukuya kunyaka (eyenza ayisosinyanzelo kwaye izeziphi ozikhethelayo), kwakunye jonga kwi uluhlu lwe zokugonya lwenziwe kuphela emva kokuba bebudala bungaphantsi konyaka omnye.
Imbali ugonyo
Ingxelo yokuqala umhla ugonyo ngasemva kwinkulungwane 8. Nangona oogqirha of ಬಿಂದು uphawu wafumanisa ukuba ugonyo nxamnye ingqakaqa sinazo uhlobo yayo kakhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi malunga neentlobo esi sifo, ngenxa ugonyo wawuyingozi ebulalayo.
Kangangeenkulungwane, izazinzulu abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngomba zokuthintela izifo ngokusebenzisa kogonyo, ukuqhuba uphando, bhala amaphepha ophando. Kodwa kuphela kwenkulungwane ye-19 Lui Paster (engokuthintelwa French) bakwazi ikufutshane ngokwaneleyo nkqubo kuphuhliso ugonyo lwezifo ezahlukeneyo esosulelayo.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, oko yaphuhliswa ngaphezulu kwe-100 izitofu ezahlukeneyo ezikhusela zizifo amane nto leyo ebangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane lenyama.
Yintoni ugonyo?
Ugonyo (ugonyo) - into ngakumbi sifo abangelwa, ngokuthi ekumnikeni ukuba kukho izinto ezizodwa babantu ukuphucula ukuxhathisa yayo zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezosulelayo. Imigomo zizenzayo iinjongo zothintelo ephilisayo.
zokugonya | |||
Yimvelo ezincinane | Xa indlela woveliso | Ngu nohlobo immunogen | |
bacteria | Live kwamagciwane okuncitshiswe | kwemithi izakhi | Aqulathe iimveliso inguqu ulwazi yezofuzo ye zofuzo iiproteni silwanyana kunye RNA |
Chimeric, esiyua lwamachiza, okanye ayifane | Isakhi olawula Yindibanisela iiprothini zokuzikhusela, elungiselwe silwanyana ekhuselekileyo | ||
legciwane | bacterium babulala | Whole-amagciwane okanye zokugonya intsholongwane yonke | Le nkqubo ibandakanya iintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane eziqagcinayo kubume bayo phakathi kwemifanekiso |
rickettsial | izitofu Chemical, toxoids | Kwizinto eziveliswa evela Cya okanye kumacandelo aggregate | |
zokugonya zokwenziwa | Le immunogen i analog eekhemikhali kwiproteni zokhuseleko ezifunyenwe ngqo iikhemikhali yokuqaphela | ||
Iindlela nokugonywa
Ugonyo lwabantwana lwenziwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Inaliti Intramuscular. Indlela kakhulu olufuna zokulawula sokugonya, ekubeni kule meko ako ngokukhawuleza, okukwazi iqalisa ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza, lunciphisa ubungozi negazi lakho.
- Le ndlela ngomlomo. Ngaloo lokugonya ilawulwa zizifo enterovirus, nto leyo ngokohlobo zamathontsana, neswekile okanye cracker iginya sisigulane. Engxakini kule ndlela kukuba lithe waqaphela balawule ethembekile.
- Intradermally. Ngale ndlela, loo amachiza iphathwa BCG TB tularemia ubomi kunye ekupheliseni ingqakaqa.
- Inaliti ongama. Indlela ekhethwayo kwabaninzi inactivated okugonya 'ubomi "(rubella, imasisi, uqilikwane, icesina emthubi, njalo njalo).
- Intranasal. Oku kubandakanya ukuqaliswa sokugonya ngokusebenzisa empumlweni kwaye inikeza indlela yokulwa nezifo zandise indlela obhulowu.
Ugonyo ezifunekayo kunye ozikhethelayo
Ngomhla kummandla isicwangciso gonyo Russian Federation ukuya kunyaka iquka ugonyo ezifunekayo kunye yokuzikhethela.
ugonyo esisinyanzelo - ugonyo nxamnye usulelo kunye nezifo yeentlobo bumandundu. Kananjalo zibandakanyiwe kwikhalenda kazwelonke nawengingqi logonyo zokuthintela. ugonyo olongezelelweyo wenziwa ngesicelo yomguli, umzekelo, phambi kokuba uhambo.
Ixesha lokugqibela kwikhalenda likazwelonke zokugonya zabantwana ukuya kutsho kunyaka omnye ubudala nangaphezulu yavunywa yi IMbasa Ministry of Health kunye noPhuhliso loLuntu 31/02/11, phantsi 51H inani "Xa imvume kwikhalenda yesizwe ugonyo lokuthintela kwi ezibonisa bhubhane." imigomo table eziphunyeziweyo ukuya kunyaka omnye nangaphezulu lilungiselela ukuqaliswa imithi izifo ezinjengamanzi eziqhelekileyo ezosulelayo wentsholongwane egazini kunye yintsholongwane, ezifana hepatitis B, isifo sephepha, ipoliyo, isifo somqala omhlophe, unkonkonko, uminxano, mumps kunye nabanye.
nokugonywa ezifunekayo ukuze abantwana ukuya kunyaka - ishedyuli
Ezantsi apha kukho uluhlu logonyo, leyo ngokuyimfuneko eyenza umntwana ukuya kunyaka.
ugonyo nxamnye | qala akayicingi | imihla revaccination | liphawule | Igama ogonyo | |||
1st | 2nd | okwesithathu | 4 | ||||
hepatitis B | Seeyure ezingama-24 yobomi | Ngenyanga 1 | Kwiinyanga 2 | - | Kulo nyaka | Abantwana abasemngciphekweni | Euvaks B Engerix B Eberbiovak, H-B-Vax II, Gepatekt, hepatitis B lwamachiza, immunoglobulins ezithile zabantu |
- | Kwiinyanga ezintandathu | - | Abantwana isengozini | ||||
tuberculosis | Ubomi-3-7 | Kwiminyaka 7 | Kwiminyaka 14 | Kwiminyaka 21 | Kwiminyaka 28 | Uthintelo tuberculosis Active | BCG, BCG-M |
unkonkonko, ukubola komqala, ngqi | Kwiinyanga ezi-3, kulandele iinyanga 4.5 no-6 | Kwiinyanga 18 | Kwiminyaka 6-7 | Kwiminyaka 14 | Xa wayeneminyaka 18, | iinyanga ukuya ku-18 kusetyenziswa amachiza, kuquka unkonkonko, njengoko kwiminyaka emi-6 - bezkoklyushevye kunye kubekho inani eliphunguliweyo ezisegazini (kubantwana kwiqela lobudala ngalinye) | Dube, Infanrix; Td, TD, d. Adyult T., Imovaks |
haemophilus influenzae | Kwiinyanga ezi-3, kulandele iinyanga 4.5 no-6 okanye Kwiinyanga ezi-6, ngoko 7.5 iinyanga okanye Ukususela kwiminyaka 1 ukuya 5 | Kwiinyanga 18 | - | - | - | Wenziwe ngokwemiyalelo kuphela abantwana abasemngciphekweni | Act-Hib (inactivated PRT-T Ugonyo) |
ipoliyo | Kwiinyanga ezi-3, kulandele iinyanga 4.5 no-6 | Kwiinyanga 18 | Kwiinyanga 20 | Kwiminyaka 14 | - | MMR-II, Priorix | |
Ishedyuli ugonyo ukuya kunyaka ukuze kwatshintsha kancinane, umzekelo, ugonyo ngokuchasene nesifo abantwana ekuzalweni ubunzima ngaphantsi kwama 2,000 grams, wenze kamva, njengoko bazenze zambi isikhumba esibhityileyo kakhulu.
ugonyo nxamnye | ukuze wenze | iinyanga | |||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4.5 | 6 | ||
tuberculosis | Bonke abantwana kweli qela lobudala | 3-7 ngosuku | |||||
hepatitis B | Bonke abantwana kweli qela lobudala | Okokuqala, ukufumaneka pref | PE nokugonywa | re-kwakhona ugonyo- | |||
Abantwana abasemngciphekweni | re-kwakhona ugonyo- | re-kwakhona ugonyo- | |||||
usulelo Pneumo-coccal | Bonke abantwana kweli qela lobudala | nokugonywa lokuqala | re-nokugonywa | ||||
nonkonkonko | Bonke abantwana kweli qela lobudala | nokugonywa lokuqala | re-nokugonywa | re-kwakhona ugonyo- | |||
umphimbo | |||||||
ngqi | |||||||
Ipoliyo-myelitis | Bonke abantwana kweli qela lobudala | Inactivation-virovannaya sepoliyo ipoliyo nokugonywa | Inactivation-virovannaya sepoliyo ipoliyo nokugonywa | yipoliyo Oral sepoliyo nokugonywa | |||
Abantwana abasemngciphekweni | Off-virovannaya sepoliyo ipoliyo nokugonywa | ||||||
usulelo Hemo-philous | Abantwana abasemngciphekweni | nokugonywa lokuqala | re-nokugonywa | re-nokugonywa | |||
umkhuhlane | ngonyaka | ||||||
nemigomo ezongezelelweyo
Uluhlu ugonyo lokuthintela mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, ngoko apha ezikhankanywe kakhulu eqhelekileyo.
ugonyo nxamnye | iqela ubungozi | Igama ogonyo |
hepatitis A | Abantwana abafunda eziguqulweyo, izikolo, iinkampu, aye kwenye idolophu nelizwe | AquaPhone 80, Havrix 720 Waqt 25 |
izifo Pneumococcal | Abantwana babo bonke ubudala | womoya 23 |
isifo meningococcal | Abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1 ukuya 5 ngenxa ukungakwazi umzimba ukwenza wokukhuselwa usulelo | Le lugonyo sifo meningococcal A, A no-C, kwenwebu A + C |
kobuchopho uphawu-ndiyizalele | Abantwana babo bonke ubudala, ngokufuthi ahlale kwindalo |
FSME-Immune junior Entsepur, IGOs Viry, immunoglobulin FSME-Bulin, immunoglobulin nxamnye kobuchopho lwethikh-ndiyizalele |
Yintoni imithi umntwana wakho wenza unyaka sithe
Emva kokuba ugonyo ebanzi xa kweenyanga ezi-6, umntwana bagonywe ekupheleni konyaka-1. Oku kuquka ugonyo-rubella, imasisi unoqwilikana.
Imasisi - isifo viral ekusasazeni amathontsi ngendlela (ngexesha incoko, xa ukhohlela, uthimla, njl ...). Le ubushushu 39-40 C. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo: ukunxila, irhashalala, izitshanguba na isifo ngeempumlo kunye kwingqula (coryza, ukukhohlela, uthimla, photophobia).
Rubella - isifo virus. indlela kwamathana Distributed. Abantwana basemngciphekweni ngaphezu abadala ukuba ubunzima esi sifo. Iimpawu: hayi ngumkhuhlane sinxilisayo, irhashalala, iindawo nkovu idumbile. Ukuba umntwana uyagula kunye rubella esibelekweni, kukho ingozi ephezulu yeziphene kwesisu okanye ukuzalwa yophuhliso lwayo.
Onoqwilikana - yintsholongwane ebangela mumps sifo. Xa ingena umzimba usempilweni emoyeni amathontsi indlela futhi izinto uyosuleleka, iqala zande ngokukhawuleza kwamadlala amathe. Iimpawu: umkhuhlane, wawandisa kwamadlala amathe, umkhuhlane, ukungabi namdla.
It is a ugonyo ebanzi ngonyaka phantsi igxalaba. Revaccination kwenzeka kwiminyaka emi-6. Ukuchumisa unyaka 1 kuvelisa ukhuseleko omzimba lwemasisi, mumps kunye rubella kwiminyaka eyi-25.
Ngokungafaniyo isimo logonyo ahlawulwe
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amatyala xa iikliniki oogqirha zinika abazali njengelizwe ugonyo simahla kwaye ihlawulwe. Ngelo xesha linye imvume ikhulu ekhulwini ehlawula sokugonya ngcono, akukho.
Amaninzi ihlawulwe abantwana akayicingi phantsi konyaka omnye lokugonya leyo iquka la macandelo eziliqela izifo ezifana isifo somqala omhlophe, pertussis, hepatitis B, ipoliyo, umkhuhlane uhlobo B. Ukuchumisa Free Eboniswe kuloo macandelo enye okanye angekhoyo ngaphezulu. Oku akuthethi ukuba uza kuba kuphumelele. isimiso ugonyo phezulu, inika izitofu ngeendlela ezininzi, umzekelo, ugonyo ipoliyo kwenziwa ngokwahlukileyo (hayi intramuscularly kwaye ngomlomo).
Kwakhona, ngenxa izixa ezikhulu ogonyo emva kogonyo erhafelwayo ikhona inani amathuba ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, leyo nto isenokungenzeki kubo Ukuchumisa eqhelekileyo. Onke amachiza wahlawula urhulumente zifakiwe kuluhlu ecetyiswayo kwaye mvume yi-World Health Organisation (WHO).
Izimo babase kwisitofu
Le Izimo zilandelayo babase kwisitofu:
- Liyinyaniso elokuba, oko kukuthi, abo bungqinelwa izifundo ezahlukeneyo yaye adweliswe nemimiselo esemthethweni Russian ngamazwe.
- Sibubuxoki wamela zisigonyelwe.
- Absolute - are Izimo okwenyaniso apho ugonyo iyapheliswa ngokupheleleyo.
- Olunemiqathango (isihlobo) - ezi Izimo oyinyaniso, apho isigqibo sokuba aqhube no- kuthatha ugqirha kuxhomekeka kwimbali lwezonyango imeko ikhadi kunye bhubhane lwangoku yesigulana.
- Okwethutyana, oko kukuthi, ubukho isigulane ngexesha ugonyo ezi mpawu zilandelayo: nangecesina, iziphumo engamkelekanga igazi nomchamo neemvavanyo, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi izinga lwezonyango, ukutyhafa, ubukho iinkqubo arhabaxa.
- Abasisigxina - ezo ayisuseki emva kwexesha elithile.
- Izimo zabucala zinxulumene isitofu ethile.
Ulwazi oluninzi malunga Izimo inokufunyanwa ngokuhlola theyibhile ingezantsi.
lokugonya | Izimo ezikhoyo |
nayiphi kugonywa | Postvaktsionalnoe kama kwi ugonyo lokuqala okanye indlela abukhali ukusungulwa |
Onke amachiza live | Immunostaining oluthile kwi olu gonyo yokuqala ngamathumba amabi ukukhulelwa |
DTP | Ezi zifo luvo asakhasayo, yombono febrile |
BCG | Umntwana ekuzalweni enobunzima ngaphantsi kwe 2000 grams siva Keloid, kuquka emva kwexesha lokuqala |
Against hepatitis B | Hypersensitivity (komzimba) ukuya nagwele yombhaki |
Ugonyo DT, BP-M M-AIDS | indlela Strong okanye post-ugonyo iingxaki ukuba olu gonyo yokuqala Immunostaining oluthile kwi olu gonyo yokuqala ezinezigulo ukukhulelwa |
yimasisi yesitofu Live kunye uqilikwane, rubella, indo- ezidibeneyo MMR | hypersensitivity ezimandundu (engavumelani) ukuya aminoglycosides asabela Anaphylactic ukuba iqanda protein (ngaphandle rubella lokugonya) |
Ngaphandle uluhlu Izimo kuyaphela ukwehla. Oku kungenxa kukuphuculwa ugonyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Amacebiso: phambi, ngexesha nasemva yokumilisela
Ukuze ukuba sogonyo sele izalisekile injongo yaso yaye akazange abangele ukuba imbi, yaye umntwana akoyiki yale nkqubo kwixesha elizayo, ezi zincomo zilandelayo:
- kufuneka wenze igazi nomchamo uvavanyo;
- afumane uluvo luvo yabantwana kunye aleji;
- musa ukondla usana phambi ugonyo ukutya kwakhe;
- ukuba ukugxotha usana gonyo, nokuba yinto luhlobo kwinqakwana;
- Vuyisa yokudlala oyithandayo ukuba agonye umntwana kunye ilweyile ecocekileyo okanye iphepha ibhedi le;
- musa ukulibala isiqinisekiso gonyo (ukuba ikhona);
- uxoxe nogqirha wakho yonke imibuzo kunye namathandabuzo;
- ngomhla ugonyo ngokwayo, linganisa iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni wosana olo;
- Zama ukuba bangakhathazeki ngeziqu zabo kwaye ukubonisa ixhala wakhe umntwana;
- ukuba ngexesha ugonyo umntwana waqalisa ukukhala, andule ke kukhala, aze ke usana ukuba enzonzobila, umoya kade.
Emva kogonyo, khumbula oku kulandelayo:
- ukuhlala ekliniki kangangesiqingatha seyure ukuzinzisa imeko yomntwana;
- kwimeko Dube ugonyo ngexesha ashushu, anike antipyretic umntwana;
- ngomhla ugonyo ukuthintela unyango amanzi kunye ukuhambahamba elide.
Kwakhona musa ukulibala ukuba ukutshintsha otya usana kuba iintsuku ngaphambi kwe-3 emva kogonyo. iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga musa ukuba kwenzeke ngoko nangoko, abanye bade kwenzeke ngomhla wesi-5.
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