Car "phambene-375": ezizodwa zobugcisa, inkcazelo, injini, abanini real

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi imoto. Kwi yemifanekiso Ayinaxesha uthetha, kuba ukubala engenakwenzeka lokugqibela. Kodwa xa kufikwa iimoto, kufuneka uqonde ukuba iye ukwabiwa okhethekileyo. Ezinye siyazi kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni xa igama waba igama. Loo nto nje lophawu kunye ingqiqo, kodwa kunoko kophawu imisebenzi ethile.

Qala obonisa indlela eliqale

"Phambene-375" - nje enye kwezi yunithi. Ewe, ehlabathini lonke ihlabathi ukuba angaba, andazi, kodwa apha kwi op kunzima ukufumana umntu omdala Ngubani na ongazaziyo ukuba unjani.

Isigqibo avelise imoto entsha yathathwa yi-Central yiKomiti Communist Party yemodeli kwakude kudala 1958. Njengoko omnye abavelisi ezinkulu wakhethwa ixesha phambene Automobile Plant. Sikhoyo ukuza kuthi ga Miass, kufuphi eChelyabinsk.

ekwakheni Kuku olugunyaziswe zorhulumente lizwe, wafuna iindleko ezinkulu. Usukelo kwafuneka nje hlamusela indlela. Kodwa, ukuba ukhangela izithuthi "phambene", sinokuthi yonke laba ayikwazanga kuphumelela ngakumbi.

project

Injongo yale ngokutsha, leyo kancinane okhankanywe ngentla, yimfuneko ukwenza ilori entsha. iimpawu obuthiIe kwisekethe yokuqala, yaye ezo neentsimbi sentsimbi apho ahamba sicwangciso.

Ilizwe kufuneka loli ukusebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo sezwe kokuphazanyiswa. Ukulungiselela le njongo kwagqitywa ukulungiselela yonke iqela weetoni ezintlanu-lori. Kwaye akukho a joke, kuba iziveliso eqala ngo-1961, yaye ukususela kulaa mzuzu endleleni washiya oluninzi iimoto.

Imbali yemoto "phambene-375" iqala kancinane ngaphambili. Emva ngo-1958 AMAGQABAZA ▸ wahamba endleleni. Ngokwenene, bayithabatha nje inxaxheba umboniso kwi kuqhutywa oku kuvezwa. Ukongeza, akubanga iilori ezinjalo.

Imizamo yokuqala

Laba test yokuqala yaba yinto entsha ngokupheleleyo. Eneneni, hayi yenzeka kakhulu. Ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba, ukuba koomatshini kunye nokumakisha ebizwa ngokuba "phambene ZIS Nami-375 'izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi ZIL. Ubuncinane omnye iisampulu yafakwa ngokubanzi kunye ekharejini ukusuka ikhulu elinamanci model wamashumi amathathu.

Ukongeza, ezi nokwakheka iziphako ezinzulu kakhulu ukuba abavumelekanga ukuba sizisebenzise, njengoko yona kwasekuqaleni. Umzekelo, i-injini ( "phambene-375") ukuba "ingqiqo," lowo, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, ayilunganga ngokwaneleyo. Ngokukhawuleza enxibe phandle iinkcukacha, ngamaxesha kwimeko breakage. Ayikasebenzi kakuhle yonke le nkqubo efana bamba okanye wayaphula. Ukongeza, i-scheme bayasilela - iibhulorho, njengoko isiseko salo naliphina imoto, abazange zingqongqo ngokwaneleyo. Le yokugqibela kukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ke ukuba waboleka ndlwana wayengekho ukumelana ngokwaneleyo ukungcangcazela - ngaphantsi ivaleke enendawo isenokuba yinto ebalulekileyo.

Inyathelo lesibini

Ba, njengesiqhelo, nje i "phambene-375". Scheme sakhiwo yayo phantse twatse namhlanje. Nangona yokuba wahlala phantse ngonyaka ku-1959 yaba impumelelo enkulu phambi kokuqala kwemveliso serial. Iqela oluye bayinzala yokuthutha yafakwa kunye ezingontsini nemveliso yayo.

Enyanisweni, i "phambene-375" iinkcukacha imoto nto imbi ngokwaneleyo. Nokuba zoluhlu uvavanyo. Ukongezelela, ngokutsho ulandelelwano ngoko Ministry of Defence, ezinye iinguqu sele zenziwe. Umzekelo, phezu ukuthambeka eqongeni zafakelwa, kwakunye ngaphezu elorini. Glass kunokuba ahlambuluke. Konke oku kubangelwe iimfuno emkhosini.

seriality

Emva kokuba amalinge ngasentla, iinkokheli lizwe sele sivunyiwe yi ekuqaleni yemveliso serial. Iziphumo zokuqala kunokubonwa sele ngoNovemba 1960. Ngoko ke "phambene-375" okokuqala ukubonisa abantu kanye ndlela ekuyiyo ngoku.

Iminyaka yokuqala embalwa nikela kwintsimi izilingo. Phezulu de-1963, zonke iitsheki iye yaqinisekisa technical iparameters amakishiweyo. Enyanisweni, ngokuba lonke ixesha iingcebiso zokuphucula zaphuhliswa. Ezinye iinkcukacha njineli ekuthiwa Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngenxa yokuba ingqalelo kwinto yokuba akukho zimpazamo.

production

"Phambene-375" - imveliso imoto mass. Esitokisini phantsi ikhulu elinamanci ishumi lamawaka iikopi wahamba.

Production kwaqhubeka de kwawa yiSoviet Union, ukutsho oko kude kube 1992.

Ezo wokufika ubungakanani Kulula kakhulu ngenxa yokuba iziyisebenzisayo ngokoqobo kuyo yonke indawo. Eneneni, kwaba nzima ukufumana ilori ezaziqhele ngakumbi. Hayi zinkulu ezinye iimodeli izithuthi KrAZ, yena ngokulula ngemoto ezimbi, ephethe eninzi imithwalo ezahlukeneyo.

"Phambene-375": ezizodwa zobugcisa

I-injini kule lori zonke-terrain isithuthi, kwaqhutywa phantsi ileyibhile "ZIL-375". Uyilo injini ezimilise V-, njengesilinda-anesibhozo. Amandla kakhulu phezulu, ngo-180 enjini.

Ngokwahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula kunye nenkqubo embindini utshintsho elinomoya omcinci. Kuba iilori, ekujongwe ukuba ukuhamba ezimbi, ukuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Nawo, efakwe apha, i-speed ezintlanu. Kwakhona, lo matshini mayixhotyiswe transmission-mbini iklatshi.

Enye kukuthi malunga nenkqubo case transfer. Isibakala sokuba iinguqulelo ezimbini zaye zaveliswa. kwaba nzima ukulawula abadala, kuba ulawulo lever ingathityazwa asi phambi kwenye kwizikhundla ezintathu manual - ukucima kunye. Ezi mabini kuphela, kodwa akwazi ukuba itshixiwe okanye ukuvulwa kunye umehluko iziko. Inguquko entsha ye efanayo kukhuphiswano isakhiwo ngowe-1965, ithathe lula ngezinga elikhulu indlela. Ngoko ke, lo ibhulorho uhlale, kodwa umahluko iziko efakiweyo uhlobo langa, kunye lock yezi zinto.

Isixhobo ulawulo kwakhona ukuba kuxoxwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Ibhokisi esungulayo ifakwe hydraulic ezikhethekileyo - ukuqhuba enjalo umatshini nzima ngaphandle kwakhe. Umsebenzi makwenziwe somelezi waqhekeza, kodwa pneumatically.

nobubi truck

Yintoni i "phambene-375 'iimpawu zobugcisa? Kufuneka eninzi yokuthetha malunga imoto. Kodwa abafezekanga njengoko kubonakala xa efika kuqala.

Okokuqala bonke abanini nje ngokutsha, owaziwa njenge amafutha enkulu, ekuchithwa kwi-injini. Index ibethe zonke iirekhodi emishini le klasi, yaye iilitha ezingamashumi amane anesibhozo nganye km ezilikhulu. Ebusika, eli zinga ifikelele 60 l. Le motor iye ngokubanzi umba enkulu kule lori. Ukulungiswa resource ngokuba yaba phantsi, yaye breakdowns ezenzeka amaxesha ngamaxesha, nje abawathabathayo abaqhubi ngokwabo - ukulungisa into kwakunzima ngokwaneleyo.

Ngowe-1977, inguqulelo entsha ye-isithuthi bonke-yokubona - "phambene-4230". Kwiinkalo ezininzi ungcono kule modeli, kodwa iimpawu zobugcisa "phambene-375" ephawulekayo ngakumbi.

kokulungiswa

Funda ngaphezulu malunga imifuziselo evenini. Njengabanye iimoto ezininzi lwasekhaya, "phambene-375" adla phantsi utshintsho ezahlukeneyo. Yonke kakhulu ubhalo, ingakumbi iimfuno omkhulu kweli lizwe kule ubugcisa.

Into yokuqala ukuqaphela "phambene-375", owathatha ngokupheleleyo oomatshini eqhelekileyo ukususela 1964. Umahluko apha kwi-moya - ukuba kwinguqulelo esemgangathweni kusetyenziswa tarpaulin, apha waba zonke-metal.

"Phambene-375A" yenzelwe ukusebenza ngokubambisana-ezirhuqwayo K-375. Baye bakhululwa kakhulu kakhulu, ukususela imodeli waphuma kakhulu ngempumelelo.

"Phambene-375E" olunye loyamano kwisisu semoto njengoko version yangaphambili. Kuphela kwakungekho ekuloleni kwelinye uhlobo lomzimba. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, nto leyo oko kwenzekayo, enyanisweni.

Umfuziselo "375C" imele a single unit itektala ngenxa yale design.

Ukuze asebenze "375K" wasekwa kwi permafrost - oko kusetyenziswa Far North. Ukulungiselela le njongo izinto zokwambathisa ekhethekileyo elorini, umzimba kunye injini.

Ngelo xesha, ukuba wafumana "375N" ngokubanzi, yenzelwe kuqoqosho lwesizwe. umzimba ngaphandle hlukile (nje kwiqonga elenziwe ngamaplanga kunye okuvula emacaleni), kwakunye nokungabikho kombhobho air otyiwa.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba sikhankanye ukuba eninzi koomatshini ezisetyenziswa omkhosi. Ngokusekelwe kulo, bonke-yokubona truck wakha iindlela ezininzi luncedo. Ezi kakhulu zidlula kunye sondo yokwakha, kodwa kukho nezinye imizekelo - iinkqubo radar, "Terek" okanye ufake sungula ezininzi irula lomlilo "Grad".

isiphelo

Ngokubanzi, le moto yayibalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso koomatshini wonke USSR. Oku kuboniswa izimvo yabanini kunye nabaqhubi anamava. Ukuthembeka kuvavanywe kule minyaka kwaye iqinisekisiwe ncomo ezininzi ezilungileyo, kuba namhlanje uyakwazi ukufumana ezi iilori phezu ezindleleni.

Yintoni ixabiso "phambene-375 '? imveliso Series zaphela, yaye ke ngoko, ukuba ukufumana entsha phantse nzima. Kodwa loo nto sele isetyenziswe ... Kulo mzekelo, iindleko iza kuxhomekeka iqondo wear and tear, kwakunye imodeli ethile. Umlinganiselo udibaniso liya kuba phakathi kolu luhlu - 6-8 amawaka eerandi. imodeli eninzi, evela imveliso kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo.

Ngoko ke, sibonile ukuba yeyiphi ilori yi avtoombil "phambene-375" iinkcukacha kunye nexabiso.