IJapan: AmaPolitiki okuQala

Kwiminyaka eyi-80-yokuqala yeXIXX. EJapan amaqela ezombusazwe oomhlaba wabanini-mhlaba kunye nabanxininkulu baqulunqa. La maqela avulekile kwiimeko zabo zobupolitika. Abanini-mhlaba be-liberal bafuna "inkululeko," bagxeke urhulumente ngenxa yerhafu yomhlaba ephezulu ngokwehla (eyanciphisa imali yeergrarians) kunye nenqwelwana elinamandla elinamandla lonke lobukhosi kunye nomkhosi.

Iingqungquthela ezigqithisiweyo zenkxaso-mali ye-liberal-maxesha ngamanye amaxesha zenze ukuba libe yindawo ebhenkisayo kubantu abanganelisekanga ukusuka kwamanye amacandelo abantu: ama-Samurai ayengaphambili, abaqeqeshi kunye nabasimilayo. Umkhankaso olwachasene noorhulumente okhokelwa yi-party-landing party Jyuto (i-Liberal Party), esekelwe ngo-1881.

Ngowe-1882, kwachaswa inkcaso ye-liberal-bourgeois, eyayiqhutywa yiCaisinto Party (i-Party Reform), ifuna ukuba inkqubo yayo ibonelele ngokukhawuleza ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okudibanisa izikhundla zolawulo lwe-bourgeoisi kwezoqoqosho. Iingxowa-mali zazifuna ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yemali , ukukhuthazwa kworhwebo lwangaphandle, ukuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza kokungalingani kwemigaqo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle, okokuqala, ngowokuqala kuyo yonke imigaqo-nkqubo yokunqotshwa kweenkoloni kunye nokunqotshwa okuza kuvula iimarike zangaphandle kwi-capitalist yaseJapan.

Iqumrhu le-liberal-bourgeois lalingenakudlulela kwiinkcazo zalo malunga noorhulumente kunabanini bempahla. Oku kwachazwa ngokuqhagamshelana ngokusondeleyo kweenkokheli zayo kunye nolawulo lwarhulumente. IJapan: imibutho yokuqala yezopolitiko ...

Amaqela omabili agxininisa ekuqalisweni komgaqo-siseko.

Ngokukhula kwenani lembumbano kwizoqoqosho lwelizwe, umsebenzi walo wezopolitiko ususebenze ngakumbi . Ukubonakaliswa kwalokhu kwakukuhamba komgaqo-siseko. Akukona kuphela inkcazo yokuchasana yeeklasi ezilawulayo ezidibeneyo kule ntshukumo, kodwa kunye nabameli beedemokhrasi ngokwenene. Intshukumo yomgaqo-siseko yayihamba phambili. Ukugxeka komkhosi; Urhulumente wajika waba ngumzabalazo wokulwa nokulawulwa kwamacandelo e-feudal kwisixhobo seburhulumenteni.

Iingqungquthela zentando yesininzi yaseJapan (inxalenye yesikhululo esincinci sedolophu kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni, i-petty-bourgeois intelligentsia, i-single-proletarians evela kwiphatlalathi) yanikela umgaqo-siseko unomdla wokulwa nxamnye nempembelelo yokuthintela amaqela ase-bourgeois-landing, ngokukhokelela ekukhombiseni ukuhamba - iDziyuto neKaisinto. Ngowe-1884, kwimimandla emininzi yeli lizwe, umzabalazo uthathe uhlobo lwembambano ezikhuselekileyo zikarhulumente. Umgaqo-siseko waseJapan wabizwa ngokuthi "iMinkenundo" (ngokoqobo - ukuhamba kwamalungelo abantu).

Urhulumente unxinezele ngokugqithiseleyo imisebenzi ye "Minken Hlehlisa". Ukukhawulelana nokunikezelwa kwamancinci, i-oligarchy yokulawula yayifuna ukulondoloza ukugcwala kwamandla ezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ezikude kakhulu zobukumkani baseJapan zaqaphela ukuqaliswa komgaqo-siseko ngenjongo yokugubungela ulawulo lokunyanzeliswa kwintlupheko yesigqibo kunye nomqondiso wesiseko somgaqo-siseko.

IJapan: amaqela ezopolitiko yokuqala