Iintlobo zeememori zekhompyutha

Zininzi iintlobo zememori ziya kugcinwa kwikompyutha. Kukho izixhobo eziqulethe ulwazi lwexeshana, ezinye ziyakwazi ukucwangciswa, kwaye kwisithathu, ulwazi lunokugcinwa ixesha elide. Ukugcinwa ngokusisigxina kolwazi oluninzi, ungasebenzisa iidiski ezinzima kunye neidiski ezibonakalayo zefomathi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zangaphandle zixhaswa ngeemodyuli zeememori ezidibeneyo kwi-motherboard.

Kukho iintlobo zeememori zekhompyutheni: iROM, i-RAM, idiski ekhuni, iidiski ezibonakalayo kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba.

Njengomzekelo weyodwa yeentlobo zeememori ezifundwayo ze-ROM kuphela, ungabhekisela kwi-BIOS. Olu hlobo luyakhelwe kwibhodi ye-motherboard kwaye lisetyenziswe kwisigaba sokuqala se-computer boot. Le memori iqulethe isethi yesofthiwe ebaluleke kakhulu, ebeka uxhulumaniso lokuqala phakathi kwezixhobo ezijoliswe ekufakeni igalelo kunye nemveliso yolwazi. I-Bios idala ibhulorho phakathi kwe-microprocessor kunye ne-hard drive, equle inkqubo yokusebenza yekhompyutha. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-boot.

I-ROM - ezi ziintlobo zeememori zekhompyutha ezihluke kakhulu kuzo zonke ezinye, njengoko zijoliswe ekufikeleleni kwi-speed speed. Olu hlobo lusetyenziswa kuphela ukugcina idatha. Ngendlela ebonakala ngayo, iROM iyinkqubo edibeneyo, edlalwa yinto engaphenduliyo. Ukwahlula phakathi kolu hlobo kunye nabanye kukuba kufuneka kube ne-speed-speed access, kwaye umjikelezo wayo wokufunda kufuneka ube mncinci, awunayo nayiphi na into ehambayo, ngoko ke loo misebenzi yaba yinto enokwenzeka. Le ngcamango ihluke kwinto yokuba ulwazi lugcinwe kuyo kwaye ngexesha apho ikhomputha igqityiwe.

I-RAM yisisombululo sememori esiphezulu esisetyenziselwa ukugcina ulwazi ngelixa ikhompyutha isebenza. Kule fomu, ukugcinwa kolwazi kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ikhompyutha ivuliwe kwaye isebenza. Imemori yekhompyutheni yenziwe ngokuqhelekileyo ngamaseyile, anokususwa okanye ukutshintshwa xa ifunwa. Injongo yalolu hlobo kukugcina idatha ephakathi efunyenweyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-microprocessor. Ixesha lokufikelela kule datha kufuneka libe lincinci, ngoko ke, iimfuno ezithile zifakwe kwiimodyuli ze-RAM.

Kukho neentlobo zeememori zekhompyutha ezivumela ukuba ugcine ulwazi malunga nexesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, i disk ekhuni yinkqubo eyenzelwe ukugcina isigxina ulwazi kunye nedata engacinywa xa ikhompyutha icinywa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokusebenza kunye nesofthiwe yesicelo efunekayo ifakwe kwi disk ekhuni . I disk ekhuni ixhunyiwe kwibhodi ye-motherboard kwaye isistim sokugcina sangaphandle.

Iintlobo zeememori zekhomputha kunye nokusebenzisana kwazo

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho imeko apho ubona umyalezo kwisebe: "Inkumbulo encinane". Kule meko, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ikhomputha ngexesha losebenziso lusetyenziswanga nje kuphela ukusebenza, kodwa kunye nememori yekhompyutheni, ngoko ke ukuba kukho ukungabikho kwe-RAM, ibhekisela ekulahleni kwememori, ubukhulu bayo buxhomekeke kwisethingi sekhompyutha. Umsebenzisi unokunyusa ngokuzimela lo mqulu, oya kubakhokelela kakhulu umsebenzi. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufake izicwangciso zenkqubo uze ufumane into ethi "Intsebenzo", apho wenza utshintsho olufunekayo. Kumele ukhethe idisk ngefayile eguqulekileyo kunye nobukhulu befayile ngokwayo.

Olunye uhlobo olubalulekileyo yimemori yokugcinwa kwekhomputha yekhompyutheni, esebenza njengoluhlobo oluthile lokungenisa ulwazi phakathi kweprojector kunye ne-RAM. Olu hlobo lwenkumbulo lukhawulezileyo, oluyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kokuphazamiseka komgangatho wekhompyutha. Ngokwesiko, inani lememori linjalo phakathi kwe-128-512 kilobytes.