Iintlobo hormone oluntu kunye nemisebenzi yazo. Cazulula hormone

Umzimba womntu - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, nto leyo yenza inani elikhulu imisebenzi. A indima ebalulekileyo kumbutho eyiyo umzimba womntu hormone operation umdlalo. Ngaba zokuthundeza iinkqubo kwemichiza, leyo ziveliswa kwamadlala yonyango. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo iihomoni, yaye ngamnye kubo umsebenzi okhethekileyo.

ngezigaba hormone

Kuxhomekeka isakhiwo imichiza, ukwahlula ezi ntlobo hormone. Iqela protein-peptide idibanisa iimfihlelo ezi amadlala njengoko yebhinqa, ngxenye, iihomoni pancreatic kunye parathyroid. Lo hlobo, endingowakhe, calcitonin, nto leyo yenziweyo kwidlala lengqula. ahlobene acid acid zibandakanyiwe iqela lesibini (norepinephrine kunye epinephrine, thyroxine, njalo njalo). Kukho iindidi hormone steroid. Bona kuhlelwe kakhulu kwi gonads, kunye nobubovu adrenal (estrogen, dlala). Iihomoni amaqela amabini zokuqala wathatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo pathways emzimbeni wethu. iihomoni steroid ukulawula iintlobo ezifanayo zophuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nenkqubo ukuzala. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela ukudluliselwa umqondiso iiseli secretion, ukwahlula iihomoni lipophilic kunye esibamba. Eyokuqala kungaba lula ukungena phakathi kwiseli inwebu ibe yaseburhulumenteni. Le yokugqibela unamathela receptors phezu komhlaba isakhi, ngokuqala Yindibanisela ekuthiwa-mediators eziphilayo. Akumangalisi ke, iihomoni esibamba bathuthwayo egazini ubanxibe kwiiproteni yayo lipophilic njalo zithutha.

inkqubo yonyango

Ngoko ke isethi yonke amadlala kunye ngokwamalungu omzimba yoluntu cell ukuba izakhi ezithile eziphilayo esebenzayo - iihomoni. inkqubo yonyango linoxanduva iinkqubo ezininzi, lo gama kuqinisekiswa uphuhliso eqhelekileyo eziphilayo. Ilawula indlela abasabela yemichiza nokungenisa amandla kuchaphazela imeko yengqondo-ngokweemvakalelo lomntu. Xa inkqubo yonyango ziquka ndlala, parathyroid, injeke, yebhinqa kunye nobubovu pineal, adrenal, yobuchopho. Kukwaquka kunye namaziko afana amatyhalarha, zamaqanda. Zonke hormone benza ngqo kwi egazini okanye nkovu. Nayiphi ukungasebenzi le nkqubo yonyango kungabangela kwezifo (seswekile, iinkqubo ithumba, ukutyeba, ehleliyo kunye hypothyroidism
).

Lolwabo iihomoni, iintlobo zazo kunye nemisebenzi

Olu hlobo hormone ancedisana emzimbeni, kunye nefuthe lazo idla zasekuhlaleni. Ngamanye amaxesha, le amadlala ungakwazi ukungena egazini. Histamine - into leyo edlala indima enkulu xa kukuvela negazi lakho. Xa esebenzayo, yenza vasodilation kwaye kwandisa permeability zabo. Histamine kunceda ukwehlisa isihlunu yethumbu, ingabangela inkantsi kwi bronchi. Serotonin has isenzo: constrict neempahla, permeability yabo kunciphisa. Kwakhona ngokuba hormone yolonwabo. Ukuba uphuhliso yawo eqhelekileyo, indoda ithe imo elungileyo, uvakalelwa kwakhula amandla. Kwaye histamine, serotonin, kwaye babandakanyeke ukudluliselwa amaza ebuchotsheni. Kinins - enye hormone zeethishu. iintlobo zazo kunye nemisebenzi zezi zilandelayo. Nanopeptid, kallidin, T-kinin, bradykinin (kwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi) - bonke ukuba ungene egazini, ebangela iimpawu komtshiso oko. Ezi hormone inxaxheba ekumiseleni nokuhamba kwegazi. Olunye udidi iimfihlakalo zeethishu eziphilayo esebenzayo - prostaglandins. Bona kuchaphazela umsipha kakuhle amalungu, ukunciphisa secretion yejusi esiswini. Control division cell izinto ezifana chalones. Olunye uhlobo hormone zeethishu - gastrin, secretin.

Ndlala ndlala. Iintlobo hormone kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Le umzimba imilo ebhabhathane kwaye ibekwe entanyeni (ngaphambili). Ubunzima omncinane - malunga 20 grams. Ulawulo umsebenzi ngokwesondo (ukuzala), inkqubo yokucola ukutya, iinkqubo pathways ukugcina imo eqhelekileyo ngokwasengqondweni-iimvakalelo - konke oku ilawulwa hormone. Iintlobo yabo. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine - kakhulu iimfihlelo kubalulekile kwimpilo yabantu. Kuba ukuba kwasekwa, kufuneka inani elaneleyo iodine. Isenzo kwezi emzimbeni ezifanayo, kodwa triiodothyronine esebenzayo ngakumbi. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ezi izinto bazibandakanye nethe kwamandla. Kwakhona kuchaphazela intliziyo kwezihlunu, emathunjini, inkqubo luvo. Kwakhona, ezi ntlobo zamadlala bathatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso yonke ephilayo, nokuvuthwa kwenkqubo zokuzala. Calcitonin inoxanduva kwinqanaba ikhalsiyam egazini, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngamanzi-electrolyte ukutya. Imveliso elingonelanga ihomoni kukhokelela ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza yabantu, silale, zonke iinkqubo yokucolwa ukuba behlisa phantsi. Ukuba bathe ziveliswa kwemfuneko, kunokwenzeka ukuba bagcine umsebenzi kunye excitability ngokugqithiseleyo.

Uhlalutyo hormone kukhutshwe lengqula

Ukuba umntu owakha wambona utshintsho ezifana ukuhla ubunzima (okanye iseti kabukhali ilahleko ubunzima), iingxaki sinqwena yesini, ukumisa sexesheni, uphuhliso ukulibaziseka (ngokwasengqondweni) ebantwaneni, qiniseka ukuba ukumisela uvavanyo kwegazi emzimbeni eziveliswa kwidlala lengqula. Kuba zayo kufuneka ilungiswe ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Kungcono ukukhawulela umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni imini phambi kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba ukuphelisa utywala, ikofu, icuba (nokuba ngenye imini). Blood yesampulu kwenzeka kusasa, ungatyanga. hormone kungenziwa akhiwe kule meko ebotshiwe ukhululekile. Ngoko ke, ebudeni izifundo ukufumanisa isixa thyroxine ezamahala, triiodothyronine free, thyrotropin, kwaye umgangatho antibodies lengqula peroxidase, thyroglobulin. Njengoko umthetho, uphando uthatha ngenye imini. Kuxhomekeka iziphumo ezifunyenweyo singathetha malunga nesifo ethile.

ndlala Parathyroid kunye ezifihlakeleyo yayo

Phezu esingasemva kwidlala lengqula mincinane, ekwabizwa ngokuba parathyroid. Bona abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo ngokutshintshiselana calcium phosphorus emzimbeni. Kuxhomekeka umntu othile, intsimbi inokuba i-uhlobo enemingxuma, alveolar okanye enobunzima esiqinileyo. It synthesizes hormone parathyroid, leyo, ngathi calcitonin inxaxheba calcium ukutya. Ichaphazela kuyo kunye nenkqubo skeletal, amathumbu, kunye nezintso. Ukuba imveliso hormone parathyroid yaphulwe, kusenokubakho ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, iingxaki ithambo, calcification amalungu angaphakathi, imithambo yegazi. Xa gipoparaterioze kuvela amahlaba kwezihlunu, izinga intliziyo ophilisayo, kusenokubakho yintloko. Ukuba ngaba une ezi mpawu ungafuna uvavanyo igazi hormone parathyroid. Uninzi lwazo umxholo kwandisa inqanaba icalcium egazini, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ebangela ubu ithambo.

Le hormone olwenziwa yi adrenal

Adrenal - iperi imizimba leyo akalahlwa Emphezulwini nezintso. Ezi ntlobo hormone kunye nemisebenzi yazo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. amadlala neuron kuvelisa izinto ezilawula ukutshintshiselana izondlo kunye neetyuwa. Kwakhona, le hlobo hormone ukulawula kwinqanaba glucose. Brain Ball adrenal synthesizes epinephrine kunye norepinephrine. Izihlandlo ezininzi, adla ziveliswa kunye bekudla strong ngokweemvakalelo (ukoyika, ingozi). Xa hormone data faka igazi, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi, izinga intliziyo ophilisayo, kwandisa amalungu excitability receptor kukuva. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba lilungiselela imfuneko ukusa simo. Le adrenal ukuvelisa iihomoni glucocorticoid (cortisol) elawula ukutya ekudleni. ingqondo yabo ixhomekeke ixesha losuku: zesixa cortisol elifana neli malunga 6 nentsimbi. Hormone mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) ulawule exchange ityuwa. Enkosi kubo, kulwelo bazondelele kule emzimbeni. Kwakhona bodwa androgens adrenal ezifana androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Bona nokulawula amadlala sebaceous ibe yobuntu. Ekuhlalutyeni yegazi iihomoni adrenal level kuphanda DEA. High yayo lwekhontenti nokufumaneka gland ngamathumba. Ngaphezu koko, agqithisile kwale hormone kukhokelela kwintlekele ngexesha lokukhulelwa (kwesisu, ukungondleki kwabantwana, iingxaki ngumkhaya). Ukuba kukho izikhalazo malunga ukunyusa ukukhula iinwele phambi ekufikiseni, ukuphazamiseka sexesheni, ukuba buthathaka kwezihlunu - kusenokufuneka uvavanyo igazi cortisol.

Pancreas. Iintlobo hormone kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Ngaphandle yokuba lo injeke ubesoloko ethatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ze ukwetyisa, kwakhona uvelisa emzimbeni ukuba kubalulekile ukuba umsebenzi umzimba eqhelekileyo. Bonke bephela kuwa ngqo igazi lomntu. Le umzimba uvelisa ezi ntlobo hormone: insulin, c-peptide, glucagon. Umsebenzi ophambili insulin - ukutshintsha umgangatho yeswekile. Kwimeko zokugxojwa iinkqubo zayo kuyondelelaniswe angase seswekile. Insulin ikwachaphazela imveliso iikhompawundi akhutheleyo phecana zesisu, estrogen yokuqaphela. Kusenokuba kumzimba ifomu simahla, wabopha. Ukuba isixa-insulin asanelanga, inkqubo yokuguqulwa glucose asemzimbeni kunye glycogen yaphulwe. Ngoko ke umzimba asinakukwazi ukulandisa ubuthi (umz, acetone). Glucagon - naye nto ibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Oyenza isebenze inkqubo lipolysis, kwandisa kumanqanaba iswekile egazini. Kwakhona nalo sehlise izinga icalcium Phosphate egazini. Iintlobo pancreatic inyathelo ihomoni zihlobene zihlobene. Ngenxa impembelelo yabo idibene kuqinisekiswa umgangatho elilelona glucose.

Imisebenzi hormone yebhinqa

Yebhinqa - nobubovu yonyango, nto leyo iquka ngaphambili kunye nesabelo bakhulise, kunye therebetween inxenye encinane. Umzimba ubunzima grams 0.5 kuphela, kodwa misebenzi iyenziwa kubaluleke ngokufanelekileyo. Ingqondo yebhinqa synthesizes ntlobo zilandelayo iihomoni zabantu. abathulise Adrenocorticotropic eshukumisa uthinte adrenal. Ichaphazela kwakhona ukuyilwa-bala lintsundu. Luteinizing hormone kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo zokuzala. Ngenxa uyayivuselela ovulation, eziveliswa androgens. Ihomoni secretion buncedisana lengqula eziphilayo izinto ezisebenzayo. Somatotropin ubesoloko ethatha inxaxheba ekukhuleni eziphilayo kunye njini protein. Kwakhona nga kuchaphazela umgangatho glucose, ukubola lipids. Le hormone inoxanduva uphuhliso eziqhelekileyo emzimbeni komzimba womntu. Ukunyusa umgangatho wayo kukhokelela gigantism. Ukuba hormone lokukhula ngezantsi eqhelekileyo (ebantwaneni), lo wazivalela waphawula. Hi ndlela leyi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo hormone (chemicals) kusetyenziselwa ukulwa dwarfism, ukwandisa ubude iimbaleki. Prolactin - hormone engundoqo elijongene ukuvelisa ubisi kwabasetyhini. Kwakhona, ngenxa kwisizukulwana yayo ngexesha lokuncancisa akakulandeli kwenzeka ukukhulelwa. Nomhlehlo ophakathi yaveliswa melanotropin. Ngomva lobe uvelisa ezi ntlobo zamadlala yabantu ezifana yioxytocin, vasopressin. Eyokuqala ikhuthaza izishunqulelo ze isibeleko, kukho imveliso ngumthubi. Vasopressin eshukumisa izihlunu amalungu ezifana amathumbu, isibeleko, imithambo yegazi.

Gonads

Amaqanda kunye namasende ukuvelisa iihomoni ngesondo. Iintlobo yabo. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ukuba yahlulwe ibe yinkunzi nemazi. Noko ke, izixa ezincinane ekhona, kunye besini esahlukileyo. Iintlobo hormone oyindoda: testosterone, androsterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenediol. Bonke zinika uphuhliso neempawu zesini njenge eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inqanaba yabo nawaphi ezinjalo intlokoma kuthelekiswa nabafazi iimfihlelo. Ngenxa testosterone ukhuthaza ukuveliswa ulwelo amadlozi, eziqhutywa yi akutsalwa kubantu besini esahlukileyo. Kwakhona ngokukodwa kuphuhliswa izihlunu, amathambo, kukho luphawu kwezwi eyindoda. Ezinye iintlobo hormone steroid (umzekelo, DHT) ukunika ukuziphatha eyindoda, kwakunye uphawu imbonakalo: ukukhula iinwele kwiindawo ezithile lobume komzimba. Iintlobo hormone basethyini ingabo: dlala, estrogen, prolactin (ingqondo yebhinqa).
Hormone yenziweyo luteum corpus. Le intsimbi kwakheka emva ovulation. Iqhuba le misebenzi ilandelayo: ukuba igalelo ekukhuleni isibeleko, yenza kube iqanda kunokwenzeka (aqhamileyo) kufuneka ilungiswe apha kwisisu yayo. Hormone ulungisa umfazi xa ukhulelwe kwaye inegalelo ngokuzala. Ukuba isixa hormone akwanelanga, ukuba uwaphule sexesheni, apho inokuba ukopha. Ukuhlukunyezwa amanqanaba asezantsi dlala kunye karhulumente ngokweemvakalelo: njengoko umthetho, ibhinqa zokulwa nale ngxaki ngequbuliso. inqanaba ihomoni Ukwanda kusenokubonisa nokuba ukukhulelwa okanye malunga yobubi. Estrogen - iintlobo ezithile ze hormone kwabasetyhini. Ezi ziquka estradiol, estrone, estriol. Ezi izinto banoxanduva lokusekwa obhinqileyo uhlobo umzobo, kuphuculwe ibala kunye luthambe. Ukongeza koku, i-hormone yolu hlobo igalelo ukugeleza sexesheni. Kwakhona ukukhusela imithambo yegazi kukwakhelana lipid nebhodi, igalelo ekukhuleni esiqwini ithambo, wayelibele ukuba calcium, phosphorus. Xa umgangatho estrogen asanelanga, kukho indlela eyindoda noboya obuninzi emzimbeni, isikhumba ukwaluphala yokuqala, baba ubunzima kwemfuneko esiswini, iinyonga, amathambo kuba ethe-ethe kakhulu.

Uvavanyo igazi umxholo hormone sex

Cazulula hormone kwaye ziquka uhlalutyo igazi yesiqulatho kwayo iimfihlelo ngokwesini. Yetha oko, ukuba kukho onokugula okunjalo kuba :. iingxaki sexesheni, ukungakwazi ukukhawula umntwana, ukukhulelwa ukuphuphuma njl Amadoda olwenziwa iboniswe kwiimeko ithumba olukrokrelwayo iinkqubo ukungachumi. Igazi kufuneka athathe kusasa, awukwazi kutya phambi kwayo. Phambi kokubhiyozela onesidima ukuyeka icuba kunye notywala, umthambo onzima. Umfazi kufuneka akhethe ixesha elifanelekileyo ukunika isampulu yegazi, njengoko umgangatho hormone ixhomekeke ngomhla sexesheni. Ngelo xesha linye sifunda izalathisi ezininzi. Umxholo we hormone follicle-zivuse inani eliphezulu ibonisa okuvela ovulation. Xa abantu, hormone ikhuthaza ukukhula tubules seminiferous kwaye zichaphazela uyondelelwano lwee- testosterone. Xa uxilongo ukungachumi lujolise lyuteinizirueschemu hormone. Kwabasetyhini, ukuba unoxanduva ekukhuleni le follicle, ovulation, ukuyilwa indlala efana luteum corpus. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba kumitha ukuhlola izalathi si zokunikwa hormone follicle-iyahuthaza, kwaye lyuteinizirueschego kwi entsonkothileyo. Wazithwala phandle uvavanyo igazi kwaye kukho umlinganiselo othile prolactin. Xa kuthe ovulation ukuhlasela nzima. Kwakhona wafunda testosterone igazi. Kuyinto khona umzimba nobudala. Ukuba intsebenzo yakhe ngezantsi eqhelekileyo ngabantu, umgangatho isidoda kuguga. Kwakhona, kuya kakubi kuchaphazela amandla. Kwabasetyhini, testosterone kwemfuneko kunokubangela kwezisu.