Iinketho for imali imali ngeniso. Zonke bezixhobo zotyalo-mali ezikhoyo

Zonke iintlobo iindlela imali imali ngeniso ekhoyo kuye wonke umntu othe ukwazile ukwakha isiseko ethile resource. Ubunzima kukuba ukwenza ukhetho sasekunene kwamaxhala inkampani ethile ngokukodwa. Ukuze songe imali yabo koko ndibandise, kufuneka kukwazi ukuphonononga iiprojekthi zotyalo-mali kunye ingxenye ekhethiweyo imarike xa iyonke.

imali yotyalo evumayo

Abo banenjongo nje ukonwabela into yokuba utyalo kwenkunzi ezingasetyenziswanga, kodwa ufumana umdla unesisa, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ezilula ezimbalwa, kodwa imigaqo esebenzayo kakhulu.

Kuqala kukuba diversify ingeniso. Ngamanye amazwi, imithombo leyo ukuphehla cash flow, kufuneka kubekho ezininzi. Oku kuya ukunciphisa imingcipheko imali umsebenzi onzima, njengokuba usazi, ayinakuphepheka.

Ndiyila i ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ipesenti yezixhobo ophezulu emngciphekweni kufuneka ibe sisabelo lincinci. Ingqalelo ephambili kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiindawo ezininzi esitalini zotyalo-mali, nto leyo ukuba unyusa ngokugqithisileyo, kodwa ube kwinqanaba elisezantsi lomngcipheko.

Eyona eziphambili ze investment

Xa sincokola ngayo utyalo-mali olusebenzayo mali, kuyimfuneko ukuchonga ekuqaleni iindawo eziphambili olunokubaluleka kubatyali-mali:

- Utyalo-mali imveliso entsha. Oku malunga nokuqala venture entsha, okanye inkqubo ngokutsha yalowo ekhoyo. Le ndlela yokugqibela liyimfuneko ukuba ufuna ukungena iimarike ezintsha okanye ukuqalisa ukuvelisa naluphi na imveliso.

- Ukuphuhliswa kwinkampani yangaphandle - ekuthiwa-nxaxheba equity.

- Ukwandiswa imveliso yasekhaya kwaye andise impumelelo yawo.

- Utyalo-asethi ezingaphathekiyo. Kule meko kuyimfuneko ukuqonda utyalo-mali kwizinto ezifana iimpawu, ilayisenisi, copyright, kunye nezinye patents.

- utyalo-Net, leyo amathumba ncakasana phantsi nokufunyanwa wenkampani entsha.

- utyalo Gross. Imalunga kokuqhagamshelana iqela elilodwa utyale kunye notyalo net. Injongo yale kushenxa yeyona yokufumaneka ukuyilwa izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yemveliso, nto leyo eya kunceda ezingahambisekiyo lo mbutho.

- utyalo mali ngenjongo bazuze kungabandakanya ukusebenza kunye neeprojekthi efunisela, kwakunye ekuqaleni-ups.

- Musa ukulibala malunga lekusasa iinketho.

- Ingqalelo kwakhona akandifanele neentambo, equities kunye needipozithi zebhanki.

- Kuyavakala ukutyala amatye anqabileyo, funds macala kunye ezithengiswayo.

- Kuba abo bangathanda ukuthatha imingcipheko, uya kuthetha PAMM-akhawunti kwimarike imali yelinye ilizwe.

Kula macandelo alandelayo, ezinye zezi ndawo ziya kuqwalaselwa banzi.

iiprojekthi Venture kwaye uqale-ups

Ukuba uzama ukubona utyalo inzuzo, kufuneka uqale kuloo siqingatha. Olu hlobo lotyalo-mali lu dityanisiwe iqondo eliphezulu lobungozi. Kule meko iya kuba inzuzo ebalulekileyo, okanye nto. abatyali ezahlukeneyo ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha imali kwezi nkalo, kodwa akuboni ukuba baqonde ukuba kulahlekwa yiyo yonke imali sele eziye siphathiswe ukuba zokuqala umyalelo ethile.

Kodwa ukuba utyalo-mali ngempumelelo ukuzithethelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kuba abo banqwenela ukuba ukuvavanya ingqiqo ishishini labo kule ndawo, kukho zokuqala ezikhethekileyo kwemali, nto leyo thaca ezahlukeneyo iiprojekthi ezifuna inkxaso-mali.

utyalo Venture kwakhona ziquka imali yotyalo ngenjongo bazuze imali utyalo-mali, nto leyo, ibandakanyeka nokunikezelwa mali ezifunyenweyo kwi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ulwelo.

Kukho kwakhona ziimali-inshorensi imali esebenza ngempumelelo phantsi kolawulo scheme asethi kwaye inika abatyali ithuba lokufumana ipesenti fixed-mali eyenziwe.

PAMM

Ukuba sicinga mali inzuzo, ngoko kufuneka ukujongana umxholo PAMM-akhawunti, njengoko bathi bakwazi ukwenza ingeniso sezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba inkqubo lokusekwa ezifika zemali kuyingozi. Enyanisweni, le yenye yezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo zotyalo-mali kwiimarike zemali.

Abatyali kulo mzekelo, abafumana ingeniso imisebenzi lentelekelelo yenziwa ngabanye abantu, kuye, wayinikela kubo imali imali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, urhwebo kwiimarike zemali bajongane abarhwebi abanamava abenza manani zorhwebo evulekileyo, umtyali-mali ikwazile ukuvavanya nobungozi.

Ngenxa yoko, imali imali ngeniso na ingxenye zibandakanya ukukhethwa wokujongana iziko elibonelela akhawunti PAMM, kwakunye umrhwebi ngamnye, nto leyo eya unokuthenjwa ukulawula imali yakhe. Ngelo xesha iingxelo ezinjalo kufuneka imithetho ngqo lokungena nokuphuma. Yiyo le miqathango ilandelayo:

- ixesha apho ingeniso ezinzileyo (ixesha calculation);

- inani ubuncinane zotyalo-mali;

- rate ikhomishini ukuba umrhwebi uyazuza;

- iimeko ukutsala zenziwe phantsi kwayo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, abatyali-zimali imali kwizikhundla ezininzi, ukukhetha abarhwebi abo zomngcipheko, kodwa qhinga inzuzo, nabo akhawunti ukuba musa ukunika ipesenti enkulu, kodwa uzinzile.

bond

Esi sixhobo ngokuqinisekileyo kuhle ukuba siziphonononge. Kule meko sithetha malunga uhlobo oluthile izibophelelo yomboleki kubatyali-mali. Xa indima kubaboleki badla enze ezahlukeneyo kwiinkampani ezifuna izixhobo ezithile. Baya kuthatha imali abatyali kwi umdla ithuba elithile. Imbuyekezo, abatyali mali bafumana izitropu, engqina utyalo-mali lwabo kwaye babuyele njengepesenti esisigxina.

Nayiphi na inkampani elisebenza phantsi nkqubo iqinisekisa intlawulo wefama wafumana inkxaso-mali. Xa unikel 'ingqalelo-avareji, inzala phezu imixokelelwane ziya kuba ukususela-8 ukuya kwele-12% ngonyaka ngamnye. Esinjalo isixhobo mali ayikwazi ichazwe njengoko uzaliso kakuhle imali, kodwa ilungelo ubukho, ufanelwe oko, ngenxa yoko kuxelwe inqanaba eliphezulu lokuthembeka. Ngokubhekiselele ingeniso net, kwanele ukuba agubungele nokunyuka, kancane kancane ukunyusa ikomkhulu yayo.

izabelo

Enye indlela zande izibonelelo zemali ukutyala imali ngokhuselo. Ngokuthenga izabelo, abatyali banelungelo lokuba yinxalenye yale nkampani, awawuthengayo iphepha bobabo. Umongo imivuzo ilula: kuyimfuneko nokujongisisa izindululo imali eninzi kwaye ukhethe inkampani ethembisayo, nto leyo kulindeleke ukuba lukhule. Xa utyalomali kwizabelo zeenkampani onjalo bathembele ukukhula uthotho ixabiso lazo, yaye ngenxa yoko akunakwenzeka ukuba athengise izibambiso amaxabiso aphezulu.

Kodwa kulo mzekelo, kukho imingcipheko ethile. Ngokuyintloko, le ukuhla kwixabiso lezabelo, nto leyo ibiya kuthetha ilahleko yemali. Elinye ithuba kuthi ndlela-ntle kwiimali zifakwe - inkampani emiselweyo ekhuphe izabelo. Ngoko ke, inkqubo ingqondo phambi kokuba kuthengwe lwako kufuneka aphathwe kakuhle kakhulu.

Njengoko omnye umthombo wengeniso ezongezelelweyo kwimeko izabelo, ukongeza ukunyuka kwexabiso zabo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukujonga ukuhlawulwa kwemali, nto leyo yenziwa yi ngonyaka. ubukhulu sabo malunga 0.5-1% ezabelo.

Funds Mutual

Xa kuqwalaselwa ezahlukeneyo mali ongakhetha utyalo-mali, kufuneka singalahlekani phambi mali efanayo. umongo wazo kukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho inani elithile nxaxheba bemanyene izibonelelo zemali zazo yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye asethi ezahlukeneyo kuquka bonds kunye nezabelo. Kulo mzekelo, kukho ngumphathi mali, owathi, kunye nezakhono ekunene, inika utyalo anobuchule zinokubanceda-mali unikwe asethi efanelekileyo.

Kwaye e Europe, kwaye sele isaziwa, kunye nenani labo ukhula rhoqo eUnited States ezi nkampani. Esi sixhobo investment zinezibonelelo ezininzi ezicacileyo:

- Okokuqala, le elubala ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkqubo. inkqubo yotyalomali eyintlanganisela lubandakanya ingxelo rhoqo kokubini abatyali-mali kunye nemibutho zokwenza itshekhi umsebenzi. Le ngxelo inika ingcaciso imisebenzi kunye iintengiselwano eziquka ii-asethi zeNgxowa-mali.

- Akukho mfuneko yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye ulwazi zemali abo nokutyala imali efanayo. Endaweni yoko, batyali-mali ziya kucinga abaqeshwa kwinkampani yolawulo, nto leyo, babe emfundo ephakamileyo.

- Gcina ixesha. -Mali iye ukhethe mali efanayo, akukho mfuneko ukuhlalutya imarike imfuyo, lokumba ishishini yinkampani ethile kwaye ukuba ziphonononge imeko.

Enobuhle enjalo mali mutual ngayo ngokukhuselekileyo afakwe kudidi ka "uninzi mali inzuzo", njengoko akuyi kuvumela nje ukunika ingeniso ezinzileyo eziphezulu, kodwa musa zifuna inxaxheba-mali, ukukhulula izibonelelo ixesha lokwenza ezinye izinto.

amatye anqabileyo

Olu didi mali kufuneka ziqwalaselwe zodwa, kuba zibandakanya ezinye bokuqonda ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba phantsi amatye anqabileyo kufuneka iqondwe igolide, nesilivere, palladium kunye platinum.

Baya zingathengwa ngokohlobo imivalo kunye zemali, kwakunye yi ebizwa ngokuba yi-ebuntsimbi yomhombiso kwi-akhawunti yebhanki.

Ukuqwalasela ithemba yokufumana bullion, kubalulekile ukuba sinikele ingqalelo weRhafu Code of the Russian Federation. Isibakala sokuba lo mthetho ichaza imivalo njengomhlaba, nto leyo ithetha ukuba xa zentengiso baza kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule i-VAT. Oku izimanga musa iphela khona; xa uzama ukuthengisa bullion-mali ebhankini lijongene imfuneko ahlawule 13% yerhafu yengeniso.

indlela nenzuzo enkulu ukuba zithenge zotyalo-mali kunye zemali yokukhumbula. Zombini i imfuno eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ukhulo lwenkunzi ngcembe. Ukongeza, kwimeko intengiso akuyi kufuneka ukuba uhlawule i-VAT, nangona irhafu yengeniso akayi iphetshwe.

Esi sigqibo ilula: ikhangela iindlela ezahlukeneyo yokuzalisa imali ngegolide kunye nezinye amatye anqabileyo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ikakhulu zemali. Kodwa ukuba umtyali inomdla kakhulu ekulondolozweni yeziveliso zayo, kungcono ukuthatha eli thuba ukuvula i-akhawunti in a igcinwe ebhankini.

Unako ukukhetha "esithi" akhawunti metal, okufuna owenza umsebenzi sedipozithi, kodwa endaweni lwemali esetyenziswayo amatye anqabileyo.

Unako kwakhona imali lwamaphepha esekelwa ngegolide. Asimele ukuvala amathuba abarhola ekufunyanweni izabelo iinkampani zemigodi zegolide.

Investments izindlu

Le umgca lotyalo-mali eye wavumela abantu abaninzi ukuze afumane imali eninzi imali. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba imisebenzi enjalo idinga indlela abafundileyo, kungenjalo imali eyinkunzi ngenxa yotyalo akuphumelelanga bangawanciphisa kakhulu.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba iyavakala ukuba banikele ingqalelo eziluncedo yale ndlela engenayo:

- nge ukwanda kwamaxabiso real estate anokuzuzwa;

- kakhulu nenzuzo iidipozithi ebhankini, kuba likuvumela ukuba bafumane ingeniso uzinzile kwaye isikali elikhulu;

- zokuhlala ingakumbi yorhwebo estate lokwenene unyusa elungileyo ngokusebenzisa zokuqesha;

- kusoloko kukho ithuba yokwandisa amatyala kweendawo ezithile ngokuphucula imeko yabo (ukulungisa, izixhobo yesondlo);

- kwenza ilifa izindlu kube lula ukuba uthathe imali-mboleko yebhanki enkulu kwezinye iiprojekthi yotyalo-mali kwaye ukudala amatsha imithombo yengeniso.

Enye iingozi eziphambili imali kule fomu - oku kuwa kwimarike real estate. Kulo mzekelo, ithuba lokuba ingeniso evela kwintengiso izinto zitshintshile.

Lidla ukhetho inzuzo kukutyala kurhwebo real estate ephambili. Ngomhla sentengiso indlu kwisakhiwo esitsha, unemali eninzi, ngakumbi xa izinto eziliqela. Le yenye yeendawo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo apho ukutyala imali ngoku. lutyalo-mali lwexeshana ngexesha elifanayo zinxulunyaniswa engozini. Ukuba unethamsanqa ukuba kufuneka banyamezele developer embi, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ziya engumkhenkce ukuba ixesha elingenammiselo, kwakunye nemali kutyalwa kuyo.

Ngoko ke ngaphambi kokuba imali izakhiwo obunawo ephambili yokwenene, kuyimfuneko ukuba baphicothe iimfaneleko nakwigama yenkampani-umakhi.

iziphumo

Ngokucacileyo, izixhobo ezivumela abatyali ukutyala imali eyinkunzi ezingasetyenziswanga, lukhulu. Kodwa ngamnye wabo baphathwe ngocoselelo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngeengozi. Nge qhinga ngenyameko yaye ngokucokisekileyo utyalo-mali, ungasebenzisa iinketho ezininzi ngexesha elifanayo diversify ngempumelelo imivuzo yabo.