Indlela ukufumana izibonelelo amashishini amancinci?

oosomashishini Russian Bambelela imiqulu obubonakalayo yenkxaso karhulumente nemisetyenzana ngohlobo kwezibonelelo. Ngomhla ucingisisa ngoko iinqobo abasemagunyeni ichaza lweshishini ebikhutshelwe apho uncedo olufanelekileyo inganikezelwa?

Amashishini sithembele elixhasa?

Ewe. Inkxaso kumashishini amancinci, ingakumbi ekuqaleni-ups eRashiya zinokubakho omabini karhulumente kunye kamasipala kwinqanaba le. Ubume bale kwiinkqubo nga zinokwahluka kakhulu ukusuka kummandla ukuya komnye. Konke kuxhomekeke ikakhulu izibonelelo mali isifundo esithile federal okanye umasipala. iindlela Financial , akwenziwanga kwaba kuphuhliswa kwinqanaba likazwelonke, ezijolise zenkxaso- ngqo amashishini amancinci kodwa, nangona ubukho iinkqubo zenkxaso yoshishino federal. Nangona kunjalo, kukho lwezimo zibandakanya intlawulo yeendleko lwabiwo zemimandla, ezinxulumene nokubonelelwa amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuxhasa ngoosomashishini. Ngoko ke, abasemagunyeni federal - ikakhulu Lophuhliso Loqoqosho - phofu ngqo, kodwa wazibandakanya-mali zoshishino.

Iinketho zenkxaso-mali

Kuxhomekeka iinkqubo ezithile zommandla inokumiselwa iintlobo-mali. Umzekelo, kukho neefomathi ezimbalwa engundoqo ukuxhasa ishishini eMoscow. Umzekelo, eMoscow, kukho iinkqubo apha naphaya ukuxhasa amaphulo zoshishino kubemi ekungekho abaqeshwe ngokusesikweni. Phantsi kolu hlobo amanyathelo enkxaso ixabiso uncedo lincinane kakhulu - malunga 60 amawaka engange .. Kwezinye iimeko, abasemagunyeni isixeko bakulungele ukulinganisa iindleko zamashishini ezinxulumene ubhaliso iinkampani - kulo mzekelo, abanini ishishini ungafumana uncedo malunga 25 amawaka engange ..

E Moscow, Noko ke, ukunika inkxaso ebanzi kakhulu amanyathelo zokurhweba. Uncedo-mali ka-500 lamawaka. Engange-mali ukuxhasa amashishini amancinane abe nakho ukufumana osomashishini isicwangciso nokuthengwa kwempahla esisigxina kwemveliso, ubonelelo izixhobo eziyimfuneko imisebenzi, isoftware lokuthenga okanye irenti ofisi. Ngaphakathi izinto ngabanye nenkcitho mababuyekezwe ngomlinganiselo we-100%, kodwa ndandisenza uhlobo kunye ngenxalenye yembuyekezo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uxhaso Irhafu amashishini amancinci ungekho. Le inzuzo enkulu noosomashishini abo kwiimeko ezininzi abafumana umthwalo sele eziphakamileyo nomba yeefizi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlawulo kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo karhulumente.

WeMbuyekezo mboleko

Kwezinye iimeko, uncediso-mali kumashishini amancinci ingavezwa ekuhlawuleni iindleko nokugcinwa mboleko yebhanki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le kukubuyisela iindleko ezinxulumene okuhlawula amatyala ngokwemigqaliselo kwezinga lenzala. Olu hlobo imbuyekezo ifumaneka ngohlobo umahluko phakathi kwesixa-mali umdla leyo iya kumela ukuhlawulwa phantsi isivumelwano kunye ebhankini, yaye isixa sentlawulo echazwe kwisicwangciso soshishino.

Ukucutha imali yembuyekezo ekubhekiselelwe kwiimeko ezininzi ebotshelelwe ekukhutshweni kwemali umyinge wokuphelelwa CBR. Ukuba igama yokuhlawula ngokocwangciso-mboleko - iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, zincitshiswe 2/3 we-mboleko izinga le-Central Bank. Ukuba iminyaka 2-3 - ngu 1/2. Ukuba ngaphantsi kweminyaka emibini - owesithathu. La manani kuvela kwi Moscow iinkqubo uncedo ishishini.

ukukhuthaza ibheyili

Inkxaso kumashishini amancinci nazo zibonelelwe ukuze ufezekisa izibophelelo enxulumene siqinisekiso, kwakunye iziqinisekiso zebhanki. Liyinyaniso elokuba, imali yembuyekezo ezizio ukudlula 90% yeendleko usomashishini osakhasayo abafuna ngayo.

mvume Imbuyekezo kunye neziqinisekiso

Kwiimeko ezininzi ishishini kufuna uhlobo ekhethekileyo yobhaliso-mvume kunye neziqinisekiso. Umzekelo, ngokufuthi amaxwebhu ezinjalo eziyimfuneko yokudla. izibonelelo zikarhulumente ukuze amashishini amancinane kweli cala zinokuchazwa ngohlobo imbuyekezo iindleko ezinxulumene ubhaliso imithombo eziyimfuneko (idla apha lithetha intlawulo yeenkonzo imibutho nomlomo). ixabiso Khawula imbuyekezo kwiimeko ezininzi ayidluli-50%. Ezi zixa-mali ekuthethwa, ke, kungaba ebonakalayo. Kwiinkqubo uncedo ishishini eMoscow kaThixo malunga 400 thous. Engange.

ukuqasha Intlawulo

Lidla amashishini ukufumana izixhobo kunye nezinye izibonelelo ze-BEE. Malunga neendleko ezinxulumene nale msebenzi, nazo zingasetyenziswa mali karhulumente. Njengoko umthetho, inani eliphezulu yembuyekezo apha, kanye njengoko kwenzekayo, umzekelo, ahlawule imali-mboleko ebotshelelwe mboleko rate ye Central Bank. Kwezinye iimeko kusenokubakho izithintelo kwithuba mali ukubala. Ngokomzekelo, omnye iinkqubo zenkxaso yoshishino iMoscow, imbuyekezo kuba umqeshi kuhlawulwa, nokuba semthethweni yesivumelwano phakathi kwamashishini kunye umthengisi koomatshini, iminyaka emithathu.

Imali leyo enokuthi inxaxheba kubalo-mali ngeenjongo zengqesho, inokuba ebonakalayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kukho inani inkqubo yenkxaso yoshishino ikomkhulu likaThixo 5 million engange. Liyinyaniso elokuba, oku zincitshiswe hayi ngaphezulu kwe-30% ye-ngusomashishini ukuhlawula iindleko kwezivumelwano kokuqeshisa. Ngelo xesha ekubaleni "formula" singathathwa neVAT - 18%. Kulo mzekelo, uncedo ngqo kurhulumente iza kuba ngaphantsi kancinci, kodwa VAT, ngokusekelwe iimpawu ezithile irhafu, abarhwebi nga kamva ukubuyela ukuseta okanye correlative macala kunye nezinye izibophelelo zobuncwane.

Imigaqo nemiqathango

Ngomhla ucingisisa ngoko nemigomo babelwa mali kumashishini amancinci? Yonke, kwakhona, kuxhomekeke-nkqubo bommandla othile. Kodwa ke, ukuba uzama ukwenza imiqathango echaphazelekayo, kuyenzeka noko ukuchonga iimfuno ezithile eqhelekileyo ukuba amashishini. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezininzi iimeko ezisisiseko phantsi apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba afumane inkxaso-mali kumashishini amancinci - ixesha lombutho ngexesha lokwenza isicelo semali inkxaso kufuneka abe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2. Kwakhona phakathi iimeko nazo rhoqo - Inani labasebenzi kufuneka ingadluli abantu 250. Enye header lusetyenziswa kwiingingqi ezininzi, - ubukhulu yengeniso. Umzekelo, ngokuba eMoscow na engange billion 1 ngonyaka.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, amashishini kufuneka inkxaso kuphuhliso lwamashishini amancinane kufuneka babe izibophelelo ibalaseleyo Federal weRhafu Service kunye nemali extrabudgetary. Njengomthetho jikelele, amalungiselelo karhulumente kunye nenkxaso kamasipala kuthetha ukuba ishishini iya kuba isixa esithile kwezibonelelo zemali babo. Kwiimeko ezininzi ubuncinane i-50% ye-mali ekujoliswe iyonke.

Ngokusekelwe Ziziphi ezinye iimfuno nizuzane mali kumashishini amancinci? Nalapha, siphawula ukuba imithetho efanelekileyo iyahluka ukusuka kummandla ukuya komnye. Qwalasela iinketho kunye neemfuno ezichazwe ngabasemagunyeni eMoscow.

Imithetho of capital, ezilawulayo zenkxaso- amashishini amancinane, ubukhulu becala ifuna imibutho ezithi ukuxhasa amanyathelo, ebhaliswe abasemagunyeni irhafu eMoscow.

Imfuneko elandelayo - ishishini kufuneka ube iiyunithi eyahlukileyo noshowo ngaphandle ingqukuva. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na, kufuneka ingeniso kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe eMoscow mali esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-50% yazo zonke iirhafu ahlawulwa kulo nyaka.

Ukuba inkanuko ngusomashishini, umzekelo, ukufumana imbuyekezo ukuba uqeshiselwe - nomthengisi efanelekileyo ngemvumelwano kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi kwe-1 kuJanuwari wonyaka apho inkampani isicelo mali. Kananjalo efunekayo xa sithetha ukuqeshiswa, - ubukho yeNgxowa-asethi ezisisigxina izibonelelo bombutho, okt ukubandakanyeka yembuyekezo kuxhomekeke kwiimveliso ezisisiseko. Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo kufuneka ukuze.

Kwezinye iimeko, le mali kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ngexesha amanyathelo zonyaka efanayo, abasemagunyeni eMoscow inkxaso usomashishini ishishini unganikezelwanga. Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, xa sithetha efanayo zokuqesha - imbuyekezo ezinxulumene zinikwa ukuze kujoliswe i ethile kunyaka-mali.

mali zidla kukhutshwa kuphela xa usomashishini osakhasayo kukwazi ukuqinisekisa iindleko ezinxulumene. Ngokomzekelo, xa kwimeko iintlawulo zengqeshiso kufuneka ibe ngokocwangciso ebhaliswe isivumelwano kunye kumthengisi.

Xa nkxaso ayiyi kunika

Yeyiphi inkxaso-mali, siye safunda kumashishini amancinci. Ngoku makhe siqwalasele umba onxulumene neengoma aza iimeko apho ayikwazi ngokuthi amanyathelo afanelekileyo karhulumente okanye inkxaso kamasipala kwishishini. Qaphela kwakhona ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yeengingqi ezohlukeneyo ungahluka. Kwezinye iimeko, umqeshi akakwazi ukubala kwi isibonelelo ukuvula ishishini elincinane okanye imbuyekezo iindleko kwi-mboleko, ingqesho kunye nezinye iintlobo iindleko? Kuba iinkqubo zenkxaso yoshishino eMoscow luphawulwa yile migaqo ilandelayo.

Enye izithintelo engundoqo mali zoshishino sele ikhankanywe apha ngasentla - ibikukubakho amatyala irhafu kunye nezinye iintlawulo zobuncwane. I-liability ehambelana kufuneka ngoku wenziwe ngexesha lokwenza isicelo semali yenkxaso karhulumente.

Le nkampani akayi kunikwa inkxaso-mali ukuba eqalwe ngokuphathelele kwinkqubo yimali okanye elitshonileyo, kwakunye kokunqunyaniswa imisebenzi ngenxa imimiselo yomthetho.

Usomashishini uya wokhanyelwa mali xa sele ngaphambili wafumana, kodwa wazalisekisa iimeko ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwayo, kunye nokuhlukunyezwa. Noko ke, ngokuba ishishini ezinye iinkqubo zenkxaso Ukuseta ixesha apho iintshukumo ezinjalo ziya kucinywa - kuba yiminyaka emithathu.

Ngexesha yokufayilisha isicelo umrhwebi kufuneka zenziwe zonke izivumelwano zangaphambili kunye noRhulumente eMoscow ngokuphathelele ukubonelelwa nokusetyenziswa mali yohlobo ecelwayo ngalo mzuzu.

Isibonelelo uya kuqeshwa?

Kwinkqubo yokuya iinkqubo zikarhulumente ukuqeshwa mali? Isigqibo ehambelana senziwa ngugunyaziwe - basekuhlaleni okanye bengingqi, nenoxanduva umsebenzi kwicala uncedo ishishini. Njengomthetho jikelele, ukuze isigqibo kukhetho lwamashishini iikhrayitheriya, uluhlu lwe abo baza eyabelwe-mali ezifanayo. Kamsinya nje iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo eyenziwa kwisithuba apho, phantsi imithetho eyamkelwe abasemagunyeni Belarusian, lingana ne ukuya kwiintsuku 25 lokungena izivumelwano osomashishini abakhethwe. Ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano mali imbuyekezo esekwe kudluliselwa akhawunti zoshishino evulekile.

imiqulu

Ukuze athathe isigqibo malunga uncedo bumabumela zorhwebo, abasemagunyeni kufuneka baqonde ukuba isicwangciso soshishino isibonelelo, ngokunjalo onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko xa usomashishini ukuze. Loluphi uhlobo inkampani iphepha, ukuthembela kuncedo lukarhulumente, kufuneka ingenise igunya onoxanduva lokulawula umsebenzi kumbuzo? Sinako ukubuyekeza kuludwe ezahlukeneyo amaxwebhu, ezibekelwe ishishini kwesinye iinkqubo eyamkelwa kummandla Irkutsk.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, amashishini kufuneka ugcwalise isicelo bafumane inkathalo efanelekileyo ngokungqinelana kwifom evunyiweyo.

Le elandelayo Uxwebhu ibalulekileyo - isicwangciso soshishino efanayo ukufumana inkxaso-mali. Kufuneka zibonise imithombo kulindeleke yengeniso, iindleko zokwenza ushishino, babuye, uhlalutyo kwimarike, njalo-njalo. D.

Kwakhona, usomashishini osakhasayo kufuneka angenise kwigunya bolu uqikelelo lweendleko (kwakhona urhulumente Irkutsk uhlobo eyodwa ukulungiselela le njongo). Ukuba kufuneka zikhatshwe iikopi zala maxwebhu zaseprayimari afanelekileyo.

Ukuba imisebenzi lweshishini ifuna kweelayisenisi okanye isatifikethi, kufuneka ulungiselele iikopi ezifanelekileyo imithombo mvume.

Okulandelayo - ezele ifomu eyamkelweyo irejista uqikelelo lweendleko. Xa sithetha ngale nkqubo, nto leyo inika imbuyiselo ngezo ndleko okhoyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqhoboshele ubungqina bentlawulo izinto okanye iinkonzo.

Iqela elilandelayo kwamaxwebhu - iziqinisekiso kunye neminye imithombo obubhaliweyo, engqina ukuba inkampani akukho kumatyala kwi-Federal weRhafu Service kunye nemali extrabudgetary. Onke la maxwebhu kufuneka ibe nentlahla, angayalelwa seentsuku ezili-30 phambi komhla yokufayilisha.

Ukuba umthetho kuyimfuneko ukugcina inkampani balance sheet kunye nenzuzo kunye nelahleko, amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kuya kufuneka kwakhona ukuba angenise kwiKomishoni, ukuba ukuthatha izigqibo-mali.

Kwakhona phakathi kufuneka ukuba imithombo yamandla - sisicatshulwa esithathwe kwirejista, kwakunye neekopi eziqinisekisiweyo yi izivumelwano, isiqinisekiso sobhaliso yequmrhu elisemthethweni okanye noosomashishini ngamnye, kwakunye njengesixhobo yerhafu.

Njengoko ubona, i imfuno isicwangciso kuphela ishishini ukuba bangafumana inkxaso-mali. Usomashishini uya kufuneka sizame ukuba bahlanganise inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo na amaxwebhu ezongezelelweyo.

amasebe

Kwezinye iinxalenye uqoqosho kufuneka ibe oosomashishini ndixakekile ukuthembela-mali kumashishini amancinci? Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, ovumayo kakhulu amagunya karhulumente kunye noomasipala zinika inkxaso iinkampani ezisebenza kwinqanaba lobuchule, ukwakha iyunithi mveliso, imisebenzi ekhokelayo amayeza, farmetsevtike ukuphumeza iiprojekthi zophando kunye amathemba sophuhliso zorhwebo.

Ngokumalunga nenkalo lwengingqi - ukusebenza iinkqubo uncedo ishishini zikhona kwizifundo ezininzi kangaka nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwisixeko ezifana Perm, mali kumashishini amancinci kwenye nkqubo ngo-2011 (ekupheleni yiprogram yeminyaka emithathu-) ezifunyenweyo kumashishini 245. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lommandla ukwenzela ukubonelela amanyathelo enkxaso efanelekileyo sele echithe malunga 19.7 yezigidi engange. Oko kukuthi, urhulumente luphela ukuququzelela amaphulo zorhwebo - umsebenzi akukho kuyehla kube umkhuba.