Iarhente causative anthrax. Uxilongo anthrax, iimpawu, unyango

Udila - unesifo esosulelayo. Kuye amathuba eliphezulu ukufa. anthrax - eletha anthracis. Olusemngciphekweni ngabantu abasebenza ezifama, njengoko usulelo lwenzeka ngokudibana nezilwanyana. Le anthrax sifo, ifoto iziphumo onako ukothusa nabani na, kuyingozi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi: kuyinto eqhelekileyo ehlabathini isilwanyana, imbewu lwegciwane sifo emhlabeni ixesha elide igcinwe ukungcwaba iinkomo, esi sifo ubaleka nzima aze anike iingxaki.

incazelo

Udila bacterium enkulu eliqingqiweyo. Xa umzimba womntu okanye isilwanyana, yenza capsule kwi kokusingqongileyo - imbambano.

Imbewu ye-arhente causative zigcinwe malunga-10 iminyaka emhlabeni, yaye emangcwabeni iinkomo - ukuya izihlandlo ezihlanu elide. Abangoyikiyo of ukubanda nobushushu, ukuba angaphila izisombululo bleach kunye chlorine iblitshi, kwaye abilayo ukuba ume imizuzu emi-7.

Wonke umntu uqhelene Kwiimeko apho anthrax isetyenzisiwe abagrogrisi yaye isasazeka kwiimvulophu.

Ifom kwezityalo amagciwane iyafa ngokukhawuleza emva kweentsholongwane nokubilisa. Anthrax uyakwazi ukuba ekwimo ulele, kwaye zisebenza phantsi kweemeko kakuhle nokusingqongileyo.

indaba

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, anthrax wambetha uluntu. KaHomer Okuninzi noHippocrates wakukhankanya njengoko "kwikona engcwele". KumaXesha Aphakathi esi sifo ubanga ubomi babantu abaninzi kunye nezilwanyana kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ixesha lokuqala sifo iye yachazwa kwinkulungwane XVII. sesayensi Russian S. wabonisa Andrew ukuba i anthrax izilwanyana kunye nabantu - banye kunye sifo ukuba kwenzeka self-HIV. Kwakhona ezabelweyo lwesi sifo igama langoku.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX Lui Paster wayekwazi ukwenza lokugonya yokuqala. Watshayelela izilwanyana okuncitshiswe uhlobo iintsholongwane anthrax, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni uphuhliso sifo. Pasteur wakwazi ukubonisa imfuneko ugonyo lokuthintela isifo.

WHO ibika 20 amawaka amatyala anthrax kunyaka ngamnye. izifundo oluzama ukuphucula amayeza isikhathi isenzo yayo. Ngo-2010, oosonzululwazi US bakwazi ukuqalisa sofuzo anthrax kwigenome icuba. Ngenxa yezi zenzo kwi zityalo baqalisa ukuba bavelise iantigens ekwakusetyenzwa nokudalwa isitofu elitsha, phantse akukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

inkqubo epidemiological

anthrax lomntu ezosulela imfuyo. Not kuyokwenzeka ukuba isifo zeenkukhu, kodwa zinako ukukhongozela imbewu phezu zanjengeentsiba zamaxhalanga, neenzipho kunye nemilomo.

Udila inegciwane isigulana ilindle zezilwanyana, negazi, ulwelo secreted ukusuka impumlo kunye nomlomo. Kumhlaba kunye namanzi exciter adjudged kunye nomchamo kunye ngendle.

Umhlaba kwindawo lwetyala isiguli siqala iinkomo abosulelekileyo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, kokufuduselwa isidumbu, kungawunwenisa enesibetho kwiikhilomitha ezininzi.

Ungcoliseko ukusuka komnye umntu iye komnye nto, ngoko, inqanaba izifo ebantwini ixhomekeke bhubhane izilwanyana.

Usulelo zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa umhlaba, wadibana kunye neemveliso zezilwanyana elosulelekileyo, ekuphumezeni izilwanyana zokonga, emnyango imizimba yazo ngokusebenzisa ukonzakala eluswini, ukutya kunye nomoya ukurhogele.

Kumazwe Afrika apho anthrax izilwanyana kuxhaphake kakhulu, nangokusulela kwayo ukuze abantu bakwazi zenzeke ulume igazi-owanyayo izinambuzane.

Ngubani na usengozini

Kukho amaqela eziliqela abantu, abo ingakumbi baboniswa umngcipheko wokosuleleka yile:

• abasebenzi Veterinary uxhumane izilwanyana;
• abenzi, abathengisi, kunye nabathengi iimveliso ezenziwe uboya zendalo noboya, amazwe evela kwimimandla apho sifo kuxhaphake;
• abazingeli;
• abasebenzi zomkhosi kunye nezinye iindidi abemi abo kwiindawo bhubhane;
• abantu abasebenza iilebhu, xa ukudibana ngqo kunye arhente causative anthrax.

ukwanda

Akukho lizwe anthrax lutshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kakhulu eziqhele ukufunyanwa eAfrika Umzantsi Melika kwakunye kumazwe Asia. EYurophu, ubhubhane livela ngamaxesha emazantsi kwayo, phezu kuLwandle Black kunye nemida lweMeditera. Iinkokeli kwi inani lezigulane anthrax zezi eTurkey, eIran Iraq.

ERashiya, isikakhulu sifo kwenzeka kummandla North neAsia. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba ivela kwilizwe lethu kuxhelwe izilwanyana ezisulelweyo kungekho isilumkiso ngale nkonzo lwezilwanyana ngaphandle amanyathelo ayimfuneko yokubulala.

Ingakumbi ukusasazeka kwezifo:

• kumazwe asakhasayo usulelo lwenzeka emva ukunxibelelana izilwanyana, ukuzinakekela, ababulala;
• kumazwe aphuhlileyo usulelo kakhulu ayihambi ngokusebenzisa imveliso feed yezilwanyana.

nokubekwa kwezifo

Kukho ezi fom zilandelayo anthrax:

• esikhumbeni;
• E .;
• miphungeni.

Cutaneous kwenzeka qho (malunga nama-95% amatyala). Kusenokuba karbunkuloznoy (ixhaphakileyo), bullosa, endematoznoy kunye erizipeloidnoy.

Yemiphunga nezengekho isisu iifom badla abantu zidibene phantsi kwegama elinye - nolahlo ngokubanzi okanye izilonda nokulimala. Ngaphantsi kaninzi kwenzeka ngohlobo wamathumbu esi sifo (ngaphantsi kwe-1%).

Iimpawu zesi sifo

Ixesha abagxothwa sifo unokuthatha iiyure eziliqela ngeveki. Ukususela ukungena arhente kumntu phambi kokuba iimpawu yokuqala angathatha iimali ezahlukeneyo ixesha (ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela losulelo). Xa inkqubo emoyeni kunye nophuhliso Isifo ukutya kwenzeka umbane, kwaye kwenzeka ukufa kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

Nokuba mechanism anthrax yophuhliso lwayo iyafana: umonakalo yoluvo neempahla, kuphambana permeability zabo, ibangela ukudumba, ukudumba kunye nelahleko koluvo.

Eyona eqhelekileyo karbunkuloznaya anthrax (arhente photo causative unikwe apha ngezantsi).

Ziqala sifo sizibonakalisa yimbonakalo eluswini kwisiza ukusulelwa ebomvu amabala entry, kamva ajike abe papule uze - umbala emnyama sitho. Lopnuv, vesicle uzimilisa isilonda elintlangothi ephakamileyo, ejikelezileyo ngeenxa apho kubonakale vesicles ezintsha. Emva kwexesha elithile esibethweni eschar emnyama ibunjiwe, ezifana isikhumba elinyukayo. Ubuntununtunu lugubungela emhlabeni ukujaduka inyamalala. Engaphandle ukufana yayo yamalahle kukhokelele ukuvela igama endala Russian anthrax - Ugljevik.

Ehlabathini isikhumba ochaphazelekayo kubonakala nokudumba. Kuyingozi xa nesmarado phezu kobuso kwaye kunokukhokelela ekweneni yomoya nokufa.

Isifo ihamba umkhuhlane omkhulu, iingqaqambo, intloko. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa kwethumba impiliso kunye kubonakala amabala.

Lubonakala Endematoznaya anthrax nokudumba, bacteremia kubonakala emva kwexesha elithile sesi sifo yaye enkulu kangakanani.

Xa bullosa ezahlukahlukeneyo sifo emnyango site losulelo kuvela amaqamza ukuba emva kokuba ijika kwesidumbu zibe nezilonda.

uhlobo pulmonary esi sifo udla ngokubizwa ngokuba isifo abahleli yoboya. iintsholongwane Udila ukusuka umoya emiphungeni, uze emva koko - kwiindawo nkovu, leyo baba ebushushwini babo. Ekuqaleni, isigulana ngumkhuhlane, iintlungu esifubeni, nokuba buthathaka. Emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa, ukuba ukuphelelwa umoya kwaye yehlise amazinga ioksijini egazini. Kanye emiphungeni, anthrax yaneka ngokukhawuleza wonke umzimba womntu. Kudla akukho sifo kukukhohlela igazi, -x reyi ingabonisa ubukho yinyumoniya, iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni wakhe usoloko lisingisa degrees 41. Kukho nokudumba yemiphunga kunye nokungasebenzi kwentliziyo, ngenxa yoko, kusenokubakho legazi ebuchotsheni.

Emva kokungena pathogen emzimbeni womntu ngokutya eselwayo liphuhlise uhlobo namathumbu anthrax. Isigaba sokuqala sifo ithatha malunga 2 iintsuku yaye kulandelwe umqala obuhlungu, ifiva, nomkhuhlane. Emva koko, ezi mpawu ezidityaniswe nokugabha igazi, iintlungu kakhulu esiswini, urhudo. Kukho ukusilela intliziyo, ubuso uba ebomvu okanye oluhlaza, papules kwasekwa esikhumbeni. Xa anthrax isisu kungenzeka ukufa isigulane.

Xa uhlobo yokubolisa le sifo okukhawulezayo, kukho ukunxila, yophela ngaphakathi. Le ngenxa yokugula onjalo unokuba umothuko ityhefu.

ekuxilongweni

Laboratory uphethwe anthrax ziquka:

• kuvavanyo lenzululwazi yegazi ;
• Uphando bacteriological;
• Isikhumba kunye komzimba uvavanyo.

Xa uhlobo cutaneous kwesi sifo ugqirha unesifo ngokususela utshintsho ulusu yesigulane. Ukuba kukho urhano uhlobo yemiphunga, wenze esifubeni X-reyi kwaye scans, ukuthatha ilaphu ukusuka impumlo kunye yesikhohlela iisampuli.

arhente ezisulelayo nayo imiselwe igazi novavanyo ukuze zeemviwo nenkcubeko esihlobene iisampuli ulwelo esiswini, empontshwa, uhlalutyo scrapings yesikhumba.

iingxaki kunokwenzeka

Udila ingadala ukudumba yobuchopho, imiphunga, ukopha zesisu, meningitis. Xa iintlobo ngokubanzi le isifo iphuhlisa umothuko ityhefu.

unyango

Izigulane kufuneka zibe kwisebe izifo ezosulelayo, xa kunjalo kakhulu kwesi sifo - kwiyunithi labagula kakhulu. Xa kungekho tyala iyakwazi ukuvuleka yirubhi, ngoko ubophe kufuneka wenziwe ngokuqaphela okukhulu. Xa uhlobo jikelele kwesi sifo isigulane kufuneka ibe phantsi kohlolo rhoqo, ngexesha ukuthintela umothuko ityhefu.

Iarhente causative anthrax kutshatyalaliswa antibiotics. Faka iintsuku 7-14 ngokuxhomekeke nobungozi besi sifo. Ngaxeshanye unyango zintsholongwane elawulwa ukuya protivosibiroyazvenny immunoglobulin nomonde. Isikhumba abachaphazelekayo ithathwa kunye ebulala. Ekhaya, unyango anthrax akunakwenzeka.

Outlook

Sisicatshulwa kwezigulane uhlobo cutaneous isifo kwenzeka emva loloyiko ulusu ochaphazelekayo kunye nefom nolahlo ngokubanzi kufuneka ibe bachache ngokupheleleyo kunye elibi kabini iimviwo bacteriological.

Kaninzi zikhokelela ekufeni yemiphunga nezengekho uhlobo wamathumbu esi sifo. Xa cutaneous anthrax recovery epheleleyo kwenzeka kwimeko enikwe unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Abantu qhagamshelana ne-arhente causative anthrax, zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama-60 ukuthatha antibiotics.

Uthintelo: isishwankathelo

Iveliswe Uthintelo yezilwanyana kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo anthrax.

Iinkonzo Zonyango Lwezilwanyana kufuneka ukuchonga izilwanyana ezinesifo kulandele unyango okanye ekubulaweni. imfuyo awileyo iintsholongwane wabatshabalalisa, ngoxa kokuqhambuka kweentsholongwane sifo.

Abaniki-Health-kufanele:

• esweni ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo sanitary jikelele;
• isifo kwangethuba kunye nonyango lwesifo;
• ukuhlola intsholongwane nesifo eziko;
• ugonyo.

Kukho sibiroyazvennaya lokugonya ukuba ngokuthembekileyo ikhusela izilwanyana sesi sifo. Kwiifama ugonyo lwenziwa ngaphandle kokukhetha, kodwa hayi bonke abantu abo iinkomo yindlela nobunini babucala, baqonde imfuneko yale nkqubo.

Eyona engundoqo amanyathelo okuthintela anthrax

• ugonyo yoNyaka iinkomo kwisifo anthrax;
• Ukucacisa imithetho iinkonzo zonyango lwezilwanyana yembulalo lezilwanyana wafa ngenxa anthrax;
• ukhuselo oluthembekileyo kwamabala yokungcwaba kunye neendawo bhubhane;
• ukwala ukuba sithenge ukudla ayinayo ibala iinkonzo zonyango lwezilwanyana, ngokunjalo yesikhumba noboya ngezandla;
• ukutshiswa kwezilwanyana ezifileyo abosulelwe anthrax, wayitshisa emhlabeni apho walala izilwanyana ezigulayo, kweentsholongwane kwizakhiwo bleach;
• nokuveza yedwa ukuya kwindawo apho sifo iinkomo bafumana anthrax;
• ukugonya abantu abankonzo yabo neyobungcali esidityaniswe umngcipheko izifo ezifana anthrax (eli yeza lisemthethweni unyaka omnye);
• ukuqhuba ucupho lwempilo kwamashishini yokwenza isilwanyana izinto ekrwada;
• izifo inokuba kwi ukutya, ngoko ke kufanele imithetho processing kunye nokupheka inyama kunye neemveliso zobisi.