IALA (International Association of yabasemagunyeni Lighthouse): ezidadayo, osecaleni, iimpawu ezibalaseleyo

Namhlanje, ukuhamba kwezithuthi oluqhutywa ezahlukeneyo iimeko: umhlaba, umoya kunye nolwandle. Njengoko izithuthi umhlaba kwaselwandle lusebenza inkqubo lwemithetho kunye nemiqondiso elawula intshukumo kwabo nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo amanzi phezu komhlaba ndlela.

Yintoni inkqubo IALA?

IALA (International Association of Marine Aids kunye ooGunyaziwe Kuku Sebsebie) - inkqubo elidityanisiweyo kobungozi zokubiyela, owasekwa ngo-1957 ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ukuhamba kweenqanawa elwandle. It has iindidi eziliqela iimpawu zolawulo phezu kwamanzi, kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuqhuba inqanawa ukuthintela iingozi kwisithuba lwaselwandle kunye nokulondolozwa izitya nempahla ehambayo.

izimiso IALA

Umgaqo basic yi IALA ukwahlukana lwendawo elwandle axis eziqingqiweyo - kwijelo engundoqo (itshaneli). Ukuya ekhohlo isithuba fairway maritime ekuthiwa kummandla A, kwaye unelungelo - kummandla B. Countries kubo bahluka izihionipho umbala eziluncedo zokuqhuba inqanawa (cho). Umzekelo, lo mmandla A lunikwa obomvu, kunye B kule ngingqi - oluhlaza. Ukudluliselwa ingongoma nganye isithuba yaselwandle uqala kwicala umjelo engundoqo (ngaphandle kwezinye iimeko).

inkqubo IALA kusekelwe kumgaqo esemthethweni zilandelayo:

• Elona nani lincinane cho efunekayo ukuze kweenqanawa ngokukhuselekileyo elwandle-okokoko izithuthi.
• IALA iimpawu Incopho kulula becinga kwixesha umbala ezimnyama izibane phezu kwabo, yaye amaza kubaneka, kwaye emini - ngokohlobo kunye umbala amanani aphezulu.
• lights umbala (emhlophe, oluhlaza kunye nobomvu) uyohluka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo wamanqaku navigation kwaye iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo.
• Kunye iingozi zokuqhuba inqanawa, kodwa imiqondiso enqatyisiweyo kakuhle yaye bangena ingozi kunye sifile.

International Association of yabasemagunyeni Lighthouse nokuphumeza ummiselo yeNavigeyishini emanzini kunye Ngoncedo iintlobo ezintlanu iimpawu ezidadayo:

1. Lateral.
2. Cardinal.
3. Special.
4. Axis.
5. Iimpawu Ukubiyelwa neengozi ngamnye.

amanqaku lateral

Mu kuya kwa nshita iintlobo ezilandelayo amanqaku, osisi ezinombala iimpawu, ephelele imimandla A no-B Ngoko ke, kummandla osecaleni kunye nemiqondiso obomvu, kunye nommandla B adyojwe eluhlaza.

Injongo yezi zokuncedisa navigation - ekuphawuleni imida indlela motion. Oluboniswe ecaleni longitudinal misele, imijelo yamanzi kunye nezinye kusenza zaselwandle kunye umlambo (leyo imida ecacileyo) emele i yingozi yemoto.

Lateral system navigation imiqondiso amanani abe zezindlu okanye imilo etsobhileyo.

Iimpawu fairway lateral lwenziwa ngokungqinelana siseko ekunene kwicala lasekhohlo. Ngoko ke, ukuba sihambe ngendlela yaselwandle, ngasekunene ziba- buoys okanye neempawu kunye oluhlaza ingabekwa phezulu kwe isafobe top - unxantathu (ngamanye amaxesha wayo zincediswe umlilo eluhlaza ezibengezelayo). Icala lasekhohlo iboniswe amanani uxande bomvu umlilo ebomvu ngaphezulu.

amanqaku lateral ukuba isicelo kuphela ukuba ukhanyise imida yolwandle kunye lomlambo izifundo, kodwa ngokuba ukwahlula umjelo wamanzi ukuze ukuchonga kuqala. Ngenxa yoko, imiqondiso ebomvu kunye umvumbo ebanzi eluhlaza phantsi phakathi, kwaye kunokwenzeka topmark ezongezelelweyo (cylinder) kunye nomlilo obomvu bekuya kuthetha ukuba fairway engundoqo ekunene. Kwelinye icala, eluhlaza imbali / isefu kunye umvumbo ebomvu kunye unxantathu eluhlaza phezu komlilo kwaye zitolikwa njengomfuziselo isibakala sokuba fairway eziphambili - ngasekhohlo.

iimpawu ezibalaseleyo

Le nkqubo kwamanqaku navigation lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ngeengozi kunye nemiqobo kwi ukuhamba elwandle okanye umlambo sothutho, kwaye ibonisa icala yokucima ingozi.

Iimpawu ziye imilo columnar ezimnyama natyheli kunye noonxantathu ezimbini abamnyama kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngomlilo emhlophe ngasentla. Embodiments lungiselelo imivimbo abamnyama omthubi, oonxantathu kwakhona bendawo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo uphawu olukhulu.

Ngaba ukubeka ngokusekelwe yokufunyaniswa ingozi ngokuxhomekeke iincam. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu iimpawu ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi 4: wasentla (imi kumntla ingozi), emazantsi (ukusuka South), West (entshona), empuma (empuma). Ukubona omnye kubo, umqhubi wenqanawa kufuneka ufumane umngcipheko kwicala yokukhanya apho kokwabo uncedo kulawulo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho ezantsi uphawu ukhadinali, kuyimfuneko ukuba yokucima ingozi evela ngasemazantsi.

Iimpawu yenjongo ekhethekileyo

Ukuze kuqapheleke imimandla ethile okanye izinto usebenzisa iimpawu ezizodwa ezidadayo. Imizekelo isicelo loonobumba abakhethekileyo: indawo ukungcola yombhobho phantsi intshukumo yokulahla okanye uqhagamshelwano ngentambo, nebala wamajoni, yepholigoni, indawo izixhobo zokuloba, anchorages, etc ...

Incopho imiqondiso inokuba yiyo nayiphi imilo, wasinika inkqubo yokukhangela elimanyeneyo kokusingqongileyo emanzini. Iimpawu uphawu eli qela umbala - emthubi, njengoko lisetyenziswe topmark igophe cross okanye ileta "x". Phambi ukukhanya uphawu phezu kwabo uyakwazi ukubona ukukhanya etyheli.

Inani kweempawu kuboniswe ixhomekeke ukubaluleka yobukhulu balo mmandla okanye into. Kuba into encinane ubekwa uphawu ekhethekileyo phakathi kwento, kwaye ukuba ufuna ukukhetha indawo ngokwanelisayo okuphawulekayo indawo weempawu ezikhethekileyo ngokususela umkhondo ongaphandle kwebala.

iimpawu yezihlunu

uphawu yezihlunu, okanye njengoko kuthiwa, uphawu lwamanzi acocekileyo ukwazisa Umatiloshe ngeenxa indawo amanzi into, ekhuselekileyo navigation, ngamanye amazwi, libhekisela esqwini fairway kwaye ibonisa indlela ekhuselekileyo.

Inkqubo navigation ibandakanya 3 ifomu IALA iimpawu yezihlunu: isigaba, nesilinda, kunye isiganeko. Ngeso lenyama into yanjalo amalungiselelo imicwe nkqo imibala bomvu namhlophe. Phezulu oyintsobi top - ibhola elibomvu ezibengezelayo ukukhanya umbala omhlophe.

Iimpawu Ukubiyelwa yingozi ngabanye

Ekuchazeni izinto ezithile kwamanzi ukuba kuyingozi ehamba emkhombeni, sebenzisa ekhusela imiqondiso ezidadayo. Ezi zixhobo navigation kuthetha ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nemiqobo ngqo kuphela phantsi umqondiso, nasesangqeni umzimba ngamanzi ikhuselekile ukuba ukuhanjiswa elwandle emlanjeni zothutho. Ezifanele olo didi iingozi ezikhethiweyo ziquka: amatye kwamanzi, izidumbu ngozi, emanzini.

Iqela navaid amelwe amanani columnar okanye imilo etsobhileyo kunye nesiseko ububanzi (milestones), imibala emnyama omnye okanye ngaphezulu imivumbo nkqo ebomvu. Lo mzobo top - ibhola ezimbini amnyama, amalungiselelo enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla.