I-Complex REB "Hibiny": ithetha, izixhobo. REB "Khibiny" - yintoni na?

Izixhobo zempi zanamhlanje zingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinto zobunjineli. Iidarars, iindawo zokuhlala, iindlela zokujolisa ekujoliswe kuyo ... Konke oku kwiimeko zemfazwe yanamhlanje kubaluleke kakhulu. Akumangalisi kukuba, iinjineli zasekhaya ziye zazama ukuhlakulela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ubunjineli benomathotholo kwintshaba. Lo kwakuyi-REB "Hibiny".

Ulwazi oluyisiseko

Inkqubo eninzi yokusebenza, ejoliswe ekufakeni izixhobo zokusebenza, yenziwa kwiR & D "Khibiny" eKaluga. Umyili oyintloko wayengumongameli onetalente uAlexander Semenovich Yampolsky.

E-USSR, uphando lokuqala olunenjongo kwintsimi yokudibanisa ngokusebenzayo kwaqala ngowe-1977. Ekubeni ngo-1984, umsebenzi waba nempembelelo yezinto zokuqala zemfazwe ze-electronic "Khibiny", ezazisetyenziswe ngokukodwa ukufakela iinqwelo ze-Su-34. Ngo-1990, kungekudala ngaphambi kokuwa kwe-USSR, imodeli yokuqala sele idlulile iimvavanyo zokwamkelwa kwikhomishana yomgaqo-nkqubo. Nangona ukuwa kwe-state kunye nazo zonke iingxaki zesikhonzi, phakathi kwee-1990, ukuphuculwa kwezigulane kwiinkalo ezigqityiweyo zagqitywa.

Iyintoni injongo ye-"Hibiny" REB? Inendima yayo ebalulekileyo kukukhusela iinqwelo-moya ukusuka ekukhuselweni kwe-missile kunye ne-air-to-air, ezingasetyenziswa ngabaqhubi beentshaba. Ingundoqo yesenzo sayo kukuxinwa kweenkqubo zokuhlala ezi zixhobo ngokusungulwa kokuphazamiseka.

U vavanyo

Iimvavanyo zabo zacwangciselwe ukuphela kuka-1995. Uhlolo lwamazwe lwenziwa phantsi kweesampuli eziguquguqukayo, apho ezininzi iimpazamo zemizekelo yangaphambili zalungiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsilelo ziye zachongwa kwaye ngeli xesha. Ngoko ke, uhambo lokugqibela lokutyelela lwaqala kuphela ekupheleni kukaAgasti 1997. Ngentwasahlobo ka-2004, i-Khibiny unit warfare unit yamkelwa ngokusesikweni yi-Russian Air Force, ekubeni ibe yinxalenye yesakhiwo seArms-34.

Ngo-Agasti ka-2013, ityontrakthi ebalulekileyo isayinwe, phantsi kwamashishini asekhaya aza kuxhobisa le sixhobo malunga phantse onke ama-Su-34 kunye neminye imizekelo enokuthi ithathe izixhobo ezifana nezobuchwepheshe. Inani eliqikelelweyo lomsebenzi lingaphezu kwe-1.5 billion ruble. Kucingelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo isakhiwo se-EIB "Khibiny" siya kukhwela kuma-Su-30M kunye namashishini afanayo.

Imbali ye prototypes

Iiprototypes zokuqala zazibandakanya iyunithi ejongene nokukhunjulwa ngokukodwa kwezibonelelo ezisetyenziswayo (umzekelo weThh). Ulungelelwaniso, baqulethe iibhloko zokuphuculwa kwezibonakaliso ze-digital "microphone". Kule bhloko, iinqununu zakutshanje ze-"hundredth" zasetyenziswa. Ukususela ngo-1984, ezi zixhobo zakwaKhibin zaphuhliswa kwiziko elithile lophando, njengoko umlinganiselo womsebenzi wawukhulu kakhulu kumashishini athile. Ekuhambeni komsebenzi, umgca wokulibaziseka kwamanqaku waphuculiswa kwizinga elithi "Impendulo-M".

Sebenzisana nabameli be-Sukhoi Design Bureau

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isampula yokuqala esisemthethweni, ehambelana ngokupheleleyo nomsebenzi wobugcisa, ayizange ifaneleke kumacandelo endiza. Ukuthintela ezo zihlomelo kwixesha elizayo, abaqulunqi baqala ukusebenza ngokubambisana ne-Sukhoi Design Bureau kwizinga eliphezulu. Ukususela ngoku yonke imisebenzi "kwiKhibiny" yaphethwe nguV V. V. Kryuchkov.

Uhambo lokuqala

Ngowe-1990, imodeli yokuqala "ehambahambayo" idlula zonke izigaba zoKwamkeleka kweSizwe, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zifanelekile ukufakela kwiinqwelo zokulwa eziqhutywa yi -USSR Air Force. Iseti yesibini yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunyuka kwisitya se-L-175V esineentsimbi kwaye senzelwe kuphela ukufakela kwiimodeli ezininzi ze-Su fighters kunye neenqwelo zokuhlaselwa komhlaba. Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, ukuhamba kokuqala kwendiza enezixhobo ekungeneni kwenzeke ngo-1995.

Ngoko isigaba sokuqala senxalenye yokugqibela yeemvavanyo zokwamkela zaqala. Kakade ngo-1997 eRamenskoye Su-34 kunye nesitya se-L-175V esifakelweyo sahamba ngokuphumelelayo kwaye senza yonke imisebenzi yokuvavanywa eyayibekwa phambi kwabaqulunqi bezinto ezinzima.

Ngokukhawuleza kwacaca ukuba imeko yezoqoqosho nzima kwilizwe ayivumeli ukuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso ye-Su-34 esaneleyo, kwaye kunye neenqwelo ze-L-175V ngokwabo, ukufumana ingxaki ye-EW ayilula. Ngelo xesha, ukuphuhliswa kwenguqu entsha yeKhibin yaqala ukukhusela iqela elipheleleyo leenqwelo. Kwakucingelwa ukuba ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezinzima kuya kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwamaqela amabhomu kunye nabalweli abaya kwi-echelon ye-cover.

Uyilo lwezinto ezininzi lulula kakhulu, oluye lwavumela ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngeli xesha, i-EW yayiquka izikhonkwane zeV1 kunye neV2. Ubungqina bolu hlobo olutsha kukuba i-frequency yabo yokusebenza yayisivumelanise ngokupheleleyo kunye neyoKhibin. Enyanisweni, la ayenamandla okudlulisela amandla, angasetyenziswanga nje ukunyusa amandla ombanzi, kodwa kwanokukhupha izikhundla ezijoliswe kuyo.

Ezinye izitya

Kwisibili sibini kwakukho izitya ze-model W1 ne-W0. Apha babe nebala le-frequency-frequency, elalihluke kakhulu kwi-complex yeKhibin. Basebenzisa ulawulo oluhluke ngokupheleleyo kumqondiso womzali, ngoko ke kunokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza uhlobo oluthile, olunempumelelo. Mhlawumbi, emva kokudibanisa zonke iinkqubela phambili kule ndawo, ubunzima bemfazwe ye-elektroniki "Khibiny" ML-265 yadalwa.

Kule nguqulelo kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe ubunzima ngokubanzi ngaphandle kwezikhonkwane. Ngoko, kwi-Su-35 esi sixhobo sakhiwe ngqo kwi-designframe ye-airframe. Kwindlela yokudala imodeli emitsha, i-"Khibiny-60", isetyenzisiweyo seemathematika esetyenzisiwe ngokubanzi, eyayivumela ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuziphatha kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokulwa, nangona zidlulileyo. Ngendlela, indlela efanayo yayisetyenziswe ngaphambili, kwinkqubo yokudala i-KC418 eyinkimbinkimbi.

Uhlobo "uKhibin"

Ngoko, yintoni inkqubo ye-"Hibiny" REB ifaka? Nazi izixhobo zalo ezisisiseko:

• "Intliziyo" yinkxalabo yi-RER "Proran", okanye iinguqu zayo zanamhlanje, ininzi yolwazi oluchazwe kuyo.
• Inkqubo ephambili yokufaka ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo "Regatta". Kungenzeka ukuba amaninzi anje kwaye anesimo esifanelekileyo asetyenziswa ngoku. Esi sixhobo sinokufumaneka zombini kwisitya kunye nokunyuka ngqo kwi-airframe.
• Njengoko sithethi, iindlela ze "Hibiny" REB zikwabandakanya nezixhobo ezijoliswe ekuveliseni ukudibanisa okusebenzayo ekukhuselweni kweenqwelomoya. Ikhutshwe kwisitya. Iimpawu ezichanekileyo aziwayo.
• Ibloko eklanyelwe ukugcina ngokuchanekileyo ukuvama. Model TSh.
• Ekugqibeleni, isetyenzisiwe sekhompyutheni yamandla ephezulu, kwaye iimpawu zayo ezifanayo zihlala ziyimfihlelo.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiindleko zolu hlobo lwezixhobo, ngo-2014, intengo yesinye isithuba ubuncinane ezingama-ruble ezingama-123.

Iimpawu zobugcisa zobunzima

Makhe siqwalasele iimpawu zobugcisa ezisisiseko kwizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwesitya. Njengomthetho, kule nxaxheba indima, kodwa iqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo-L-175V / L-265 isetyenziswa:

• Ubude - 4.95 m;
• I diameter - 35 cm;
• Isisindo - 300 kg.

Iindawo zokudibanisa

• Kwi-front and back hemispheres, icandelo elidlulayo li-+/- 45 degrees.
• Isixhobo soonomathotholo sobugcisa singasebenza ngokuphumelelayo kwixesha le-1.2 ... 40 GHz.
• Inkqubo yokwenza i-jamming isebenzayo ngokwayo isebenza kuma-4 ... 18 GHz.
• Ubume bentsholongwane obunzima bokufihla ukudibana kweenqwelo-moya ngu-1 ... 4 GHz.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla onke ngama-watt 3600.

Izigaba eziphambili zendalo yokubunzima

• Iprototype yokuqala "Proran". Kule nqanaba, kwakhiwa isicatshulwa sobunzulu bezobugcisa.
• "Regatta". Kule meko, iinjineli zisebenze ngokuthe ngqo ekudalweni kwezixhobo, ezingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-jamming esebenzayo.
• Ekugqibeleni, i-station ye-REB ethi "Khibiny" yadalwa, eyatholakala ngokuxhuma "i-Proran" kunye ne "Regatta".
• Uphuhliso kunye nemveliso ye "Khibiny-10V". Oku kuyilungiso olukhethekileyo, olwenzelwe ukufakwa kwiinqwelo-moya ze-T-10V / Su-34.
• I-Complex KS-418E. Kwaqulunqwa ukuxhobisa iinqwelo ze-Su-24MK / Su-24MK2. Kubonakala ukuba uphuhliso lokugqibela lwale modeli alugqityiwe kwaye lunje namhlanje.

Ukuguqulwa kwamhlanje kwinkimbinkimbi

• "Khibiny-M10 / M6".
• Ukuguqulwa kwe "Khibiny-60".
• "Ikhonkco" iL-265 / L-265M10. Inketho ekhethekileyo, okwangoku isetyenziselwa kuphela kwiinqwelo ze-Su-35.
• Uhlobo olutshintsho olupheleleyo kunye olugqibeleleyo, "Khibiny-U". Kuye kwaboniswa okokuqala kwi-MAKS-2013 Salon ye-Aviation. Kuyaziwa ukuba ngexesha elifanayo isivumelwano sisayinwe ukuphakamisa ubunzima kuzo zonke iinqwelo eziphambili ze-airline. Kwaye kwaziwa ukuba le khompyutha iya kufakwa kwi-Su-30SM.
• Umzekelo ogqwesileyo kakhulu, "Tarantula." Ngokuphathelele ukuphuhliswa kwayo kunye nesicelo, akukho nto iyaziwa.

Yiyiphi inqwelo esetyenziswa njengezithuthi?

Njengoko kubonakala kwinqaku, iinjongo eziphambili zezixhobo zolu hlobo lwezixhobo ziyimveliso yeSoyii Design Bureau. Sithe sathetha ngezizathu zezi. Ngoko akukho nto inokumangalisa kuloluhlu lulandelayo:

• Kwi-Su-34 ingafakwa isitya se-L-175V / L-175VE, esinokufumana nayiphi na isiteshi esifanelekayo se-REB "Khibiny".
• I-Su-35 isoloko ithwala imodeli "M", ifakwe kwi-L-265.
• I-Su-30SM icwangciselwe ukuba ixhotywe kuphela neKhibiny-U.

Uvavanyo kunye nezicelo kwiimeko ezikufutshane zokulwa

Sithe sathetha malunga nezigaba zokuqala zeemvavanyo zelizwe. Xa usasebenzisa inkqubo ye-REB "Hibiny"? Kubikwa ukuba ngowama-2000, ixesha elithile emva kokuhlaselwa kwama-Chechen fighters e-Afghanistan, i-Air Force yafunda ukuba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-Su-34 ukumboza i-Su-24 ibhomu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, i "Khibiny" efakwe kwi-Su-24 EW inokuphucula ngokukhululeka ukukhuselwa kwezi moya kwiimeko zokulwa.

Kwakhona kwaziwa ukuba ngo-2013 isivumelwano sisayinwe ukubonelela ubuncinane ubuncinane be-92 kwiinkampani. Isixa sesi sivumelwano si malunga ne-ruble ezigidi ezili-12. Kungenzeka ukuba, iinqwelo-moya (awaziwa ziphi na ezo) zifanele zixhotywe ngezixhobo zingekho ngaphaya kwe-2020.

Ngo-Ephreli 2014, iimvavanyo zenziwa, kufuphi nokulwa. Ngelo xesha, izixhobo ze "Khibiny" REB zijoliswe ekukhuseleni i-Su-34. Kwakucatshulwa ukuba baya kuthatyathwa ngeenqwelo zeentshaba ezinokwenzeka, inxaxheba yabo iMiG-31. Ngokuphathelele iziphumo zale mvavanyo kade akukho nto ibhengeziwe.

"Pheka" kunye ne "Hibiny": into okanye inyaniso?

Ngomhla we-Epreli kunyaka omnye, kwizinto ezininzi ezibonakalayo kwavela inqaku elithandayo. Imithombo emininzi yendalo ibeka ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo elithi "Conjectures". Yathini na malunga ne "Hibiny" yempi yekhompyutha? "UDonald Cook", okwenzeka ngo-Apreli 12, 2014 kufuphi neCrimea, kuthiwa "yahlaselwa" yi-Su-24, kwaye izixhobo ebhodini layo "zinyanzelwa" ngoncedo lwolu bunzima. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala amaqaku anomxholo onjalo anqatshelwe ngokukhawuleza, njengoko yavela ezi zilandelayo:

• Ewe, "Ukulila" kwandula ukuhamba ngeenqanawa.
• Amaqela akazange enze nayiphi na into enenzondo.
• "Hibiny" okwangoku ayifaki kwi-Su-24 (loo mbambano).
• Izixhobo zeli klasi azikwazi nje ukukhusela i-electronics ye-warfare encane.

Ngoko, sihlolisise i-REB "iKhibiny". Yintoni na? Enyanisweni, le yinkqubo ephambili yemfazwe ye-elektroniki evumela ukuba iinqwelo zokulwa zihambe kwiimpazamo zeentshaba, zibethe phantsi inkqubo yazo yokukhokela.