GPK: kolawulo. Imithetho kolawulo (Code of Civil yeNkqubo Russian Federation)

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, eli lungelo umlawuli engundoqo yobudlelwane bentlalo. Ngamanye amazwi, le umba esemthethweni ekhoyo phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu. Imizekelo yalo ingafumaneka inani elikhulu. Noko ke, wayesoloko ilungelo ujongo mihla. Ekuqaleni, kwakungekho mthetho kumaphepha imithetho neekhowudi ngumsina, kwaye iingqondo zabantu. Enyanisweni, ilungelo wamandulo - yinto iseti imithetho eqhelekileyo, apho kwakufuneka ukuba uluntu elinikiweyo. Kakade ke, kukho iintlobo ezininzi kakhulu kuhlobo nkulumo. Umzekelo ikhowudi ongumRoma imithetho iitafile XII okanye nemithetho kaHammurabi.

Kwi ilungelo nalapha ngaphakatyhi zaveza kwexesha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, udidi yahlulahlulwe kusapho kunye esemthethweni mveliso yonke, nganye eneyazo umda walo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba esi ilungelo kwimisebenzi yenkqubo zeenkundla. Ekuqaleni, oko kule mizekelo wazalwa nomthetho, ukuba uthathe ingqalelo thina inani elikhulu iintlobo yenkqubo ezahlukeneyo emthethweni zabucala wamaRoma.

umsebenzi yezeeJaji kwi Russian Federation mihla nayo zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela, enye yazo yinkqubo yoluntu. Kule ndawo kukho ezininzi ezinomdla ezi zihloko achatshazelwa jikelele ngabaphengululi. Kuba omnye wabo ingaba umbuzo, njengoko wolawulo amatyala embambano. GIC kakhulu ichaza kwiziko elithile, kodwa iimpawu zayo ezithile, njengoko iya kuxoxwa kamva kweli nqaku.

Yintoni amanyathelo omthetho?

Phambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe kolawulo CPC, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlalutya umda ngayo ezi ngxaki. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yoluntu - umsebenzi wenkundla kunye nabanye abantu abathatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo, kulawulwa ngumthetho yangoku. Ngamanye amazwi, le SE yiseti yemithetho nokulungelelanisa ubudlelwane phakathi amaqela kwimbambano. inkqubo Civil kuphunyezwa kwiinkundla.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izazinzulu ezininzi namhlanje phambili iingcamango ezahlukeneyo malunga ngemvelaphi ushishino thaca zomthetho kule hlobo. Ngokutsho ingcamango jikelele yenkqubo yoluntu yinto nto ISP umthetho yoluntu. Lo mbono uye eninzi nobungqina obuxhasayo. Umzekelo, imigaqo yomthetho civil ukuba becala isicelo kwishishini zenkqubo.

Benze tsivilisticheskoy inkqubo

Imithetho-nkqubo yoluntu - i zihlandlo asisiseko lonke ushishino, ngokusekelwe awayakhayo amaziko yayo ephambili, ngokunjalo indlela sesicelo kwemithetho. Ngoko ke, cinga izinto ezisisiseko kuyimfuneko, njengoko zinceda ukuba baqonde ngakumbi iimpawu kweengxoxo uhlobo ngasentla. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho le migaqo ilandelayo yenkqubo yoluntu:

• Ukuzimela kweejaji;
• ulawulo lomthetho kunye ulawulo lomthetho;
• optionality kunye nokhuphiswano zamaqela;
• imfuneko ye kwetyala ngomlomo;
• ubukho bokusetyenziswa isifaniso yomthetho okanye umthetho, njl

Ezingenisiweyo uluhlu sikhokelo alupheli. wambi Izazinzulu ibonisa imigaqo emitsha ekuvumela ukuba ukwandisa ukuqonda zoshishino civil zenkqubo. Noko ke, kweli nqaku siza kujonga hayi inkqubo yonke yoluntu kunye iingongoma yayo ephambili, kodwa ke mnye kuphela amaziko ibalulekileyo, nto leyo libizwa ngokuba lulawulo. It inentsingiselo hayi kuphela kushishino kodwa for umkhuba lenkundla kunye amaqela kwiinkqubo ezithile.

CPC Art. "Amagunya" - ingqikelelo ye-Institute

Kukho iimbono ezininzi lwenzululwazi buyini kolawulo. GIC RF ngowona mthombo, nto leyo inceda ukwahlula imfundiso classical kunye neempawu kudidi. Ngoko ke, xa kuqwalaselwa ulawulo eziyimfuneko ukwakha phezu lo mmiselo ethile.

Ngokutsho Code of Civil Procedure, negunya - yinto yokuba zokusasaza kwamatyala phakathi kwiinkundla ezahlukeneyo umzekelo yokuqala. Ngamagama alula, udidi ichaza ukuba izakuba ngowuphi inkundla ethile kufuneka ingqalelo umba othile. jurisdiction Legal na isenzeko entsonkothileyo equka izinto eziliqela ezihambelanayo.

izakhi isigaba

iinkalo ezininzi ethile kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kuqwalaselwa elithi "kolawulo". GIC RF, ingakumbi, imimiselo yalo mmiselo, kwenza kube lula ukwahlula macandelo ezimbini eziphambili ezinikiweyo kwinqaku didi. Jurisdiction ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• nobuchule, oko kukuthi, amandla kwinkundla ethile iya isigqibo phezu ingqalelo kwimeko ethile;
• imbopheleleko abantu abathile, amaqela kwityala, ukuba aphazamise ekwenziweni kwezigqibo nokumthobela ngentliziyo yakhe.

Oko kuchazwa Code of Civil Procedure jurisdiction nje isibakala lonikezelo izinto phakathi kwiinkundla ezahlukeneyo yesigaba sokuqala, yaye ubudlelwane esemthethweni entsonkothileyo ochaphazela iimfuno zamaqela.

Le imimiselo esisekelwe phezu kwazo udidi isekelwe

amaziko Uninzi yalo naliphi na ishishini somthetho esisekelwe na amalungiselelo omthetho. Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo thina wolawulo ekuthethwa ngayo Code of Procedure Civil, ikho zombini ngokomthetho oqhelekileyo kunye nemigaqo lwentembeko, oko kukuthi yeziko. Kwizithuba zesibophelelo ezintlanu ezisisiseko kwi kwemida yesi sigaba zezi:

• Iinkundla kufuneka uthabathe akunjalo, ezo luxanduva namanye amagunya.
• Naluphi na uhlobo ngezigqibo ezenziwe kunye nokudelela imithetho wolawulo, iya kuthatyathwa njengengekho mthethweni.
• Amaqela kwimeko ethile banelungelo lokufuna ingqalelo kuphela abasemagunyeni abanobuchule.
• Yonke imiba yolawulo emiselwe ixesha lokufaka isikhalazo. Naluphi na utshintsho olulolunye kwityala akusayi kuchaphazela ziko.
• Njengomthetho jikelele, jurisdiction nje isenzeko indawo, nangona kukho izinto ezithile ethile.

Kokucinga ngasentla, sinokugqiba ukuba imbonakaliso didi ibaluleke kakhulu kwamatyala embambano ukususela kokuqalisa kweengxoxo.

Imithetho ezisisiseko wolawulo CPC

Ukhetho enkundleni yokusombulula nayiphi na imbambano okanye eminye imiba isekelwe kwinani imithetho ebalulekileyo. Bonke ngokuxhomekeka kumagatya Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Njengoko umthetho, loo nto iphambili nokumisela jurisdiction uhlobo kunye neemeko zeli tyala. Amagunya kule meko kuhlalutywa ngqo enkundleni, nokuba nokukhethwa kunye neemfuno zamaqela. Njengoko umthetho, uninzi amatyala embambano ingqalelo kwiinkundla zomthetho, nto leyo kuqala. Kukwakho nezinye imithetho yokuqingqa kwiziko eligunyazisiweyo. Ngokutsho kwabo, ezi ndidi zilandelayo kolawulo:

• indawo;
• unyulo;
• ezizodwa.

For uhlobo ngalunye luphawulwa imiba yayo eyodwa, kuqwalaselo apho kuzakwenza nkulu ngokupheleleyo ukuhlola ulawulo ngokubanzi.

Nokuqalisa imibono indawo

Kukho amanqaku ezahlukeneyo thaca kwinqaku boMbutho (ngokutsho Code Russian yeNkqubo Civil). Kolawulo kumgaqo ndawo ke common kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, ukhetho wenkundla owenziwe yi ngummangali phezu isicelo. Umgaqo indawo kukuba isimangalo igcinwe kwiziko, umhlaba ophantsi kolawulo indawo yommangalelwa lowo ahlala kuyo. Kwimeko nomba yesibini umcimbi liqumrhu elisemthethweni, igunya kumiselwa indawo kwindawo yayo ngokukhawuleza. Xa uqala kuqala, ukumiselwa kolawulo kule mbono, ilula kakhulu. Noko ke, xa kufakwa ummangali babe ubunzima ekugqibeni indawo yommangalelwa.

Kulo mzekelo, ukuze ubone indawo eendawo yomntu ayikho ukuntsokotha, ingakumbi ukuba ummangalelwa kweli tyala. Kodwa ke kanti kwiziko liqumrhu elisemthethweni, ngokufuthi kubangela iingxaki. Kule meko umntu ukufumanisa i parameter zimelwe ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa werhafu. Base phezu kanti ezi amaqumrhu asemthethweni namhlanje zivulelekile ufikelelo loluntu.

ulawulo imbalo

Inguqulelo ezaziwa isithuba kwenkcazo ityala ubamba isikhundla ephambili CCP. Amagunya azikhethele sombangi, yena, naye yinto exhaphakileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba isicelo sale hlobo yeziko kufuneka lubekhona iingongoma ezithile. Ngokuzimela kumisela iziko eligunyazisiweyo yi-sicelo unakho kwiimeko:

• sokubuyisa ukugcinwa transponder;
• Ukusekwa kwe lukatata;
• zokuchithwa umtshato phakathi kwabantu xa umntwana eqhelekileyo minor;
• ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abathengi;
• imbuyekezo ngomonakalo empilweni.

Ngenxa yoko, kuphela kwimeko langoku ummangali unelungelo lokukhetha indawo isicelo. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, ulawulo lwezobulungisa olu hlobo kuya kusebenza.

umbono ezizodwa

Kukho inani iimeko ezizodwa apho ukuzimisela inkundla lwenzeka kakhulu ezithile. Zonke ezi ngongoma zichazwe kwi Code of Civil yeNkqubo Russian Federation. Amagunya kwamatyala embambano zohlobo ezizodwa lisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho iziko imiqathango engqongqo ezichazwe mthetho. Tshintsha indawo didi nangayiphi na indlela akuyi kuba lula. Kulawulo kuphela kwimeko zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• naluphi na uhlobo iimfuno, nto leyo iimpawu eziphambili into (isicelo senziwe kwindawo enje);
• amabango indoda amatyala, ezafumana ilifa (ityala ngazo kwindawo lokuvula ilifa);
• naluphi na uhlobo imeko obangelwe ulwalamano ngexesha zothutho (izithuthi) kwempahla.

mathuba thaca kule mihla eziqhelekileyo, njengoko ukwanda kwenani iingxabano malunga kwipropati iimpahla eyalo. Ezi ntlobo kolawulo zisisiseko ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Noko ke, ingcamango inkqubo yoluntu cell olunye uhlobo.

Amagunya based on contract

GIC RF, Art. "Amagunya" uvuma ukuqukumbela izivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela, nto leyo ilawulwa ukukhetha iziko elithile, nto leyo iya kuqwalaselwa impikiswano ethile. Kodwa isivumelwano enjalo kufuneka yenziwe kuwe, yaye ibinzana Endikubhalileyo ndikubhalile. Kule kolawulo contract alusoloko yokwenene. Hi xikombiso, le Isivumelwano sinokungafuni ukutshintsha inkqubo emisela umzekelo kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga apho zaye thaca ngaphambili. Ukongeza, ulawulo zezivumelwano ingenakusetyenziswa kulophulo kwimpikiswano, ingcinga leyo yenziweyo yiNkundla Ephakamileyo.

Iimposiso kule ngokusebenzisa amagama

Ngokufuthi abantu bayababhidanisa iingqiqo ezifana ethile nendawo amatyala. Russian Federation CPC delineates imiba zombini ngokweenkcukacha. Kakade ke, ngokokubona adjacency yabo iphosakele kakhulu. Ulawulo - lo safumana njani, ulwabiwo kweembambano eziphakathi nabasemagunyeni.

Ngokuphathelele ethile, ngoko eli iparameter kumiselwa ithuba ingqalelo imeko ezithile ze komyalelo leenkqubo embambano. Ngenxa yoko, la magama mabini, nangona efanayo omnye komnye, kodwa intsingiselo yawo ekhangelene ngokupheleleyo.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siza wajonga kwiziko ezithile zoluntu ezifana kolawulo. Inqaku CCP, olawula isicelo yayo, iqulethe inani alupheli yeengxelo kwiifom kunye neempawu kudidi. Nangona kunjalo, indlela lwesicelo kolawulo ekuxoxweni kwamatyala embambano kusafuna inkqubela.