Furmanov Dmitriy Andreevich: biography, imisebenzi

I edumileyo umboniso esekelwe kwincwadi yakhe, wakhululwa kwiminyaka 8 emva kokufa yombhali. Wenza igama lombhali edumileyo, uze emva koko negalelo kukhankanywa sayo ezahlukeneyo anecdotes. Ukusuka ukude minyaka, ntonje ukuba umlweli singacinganga kwaye ukhohlakele ukuba ngumfuziselo kaloliwe Party kaThixo, backhand ebambeleyo emfazweni, yaye kule ncwadi. Kuphela sihlolisise uya kubona ezinye iinkalo zobuntu yoluntu Fuhrman ifani. Dmitri A. waphila ubomi obufutshane, zahlukile bayahlelwa ezininzi ezicacileyo bubukho esineziphiwo bomhla wakhe ezifanayo kuzo imfuneko yokukhetha umendo rhoqo inkqubo ekhohlaleleyo utshintsho yimbali.

ekuqaleni

Wazalwa ngo-1891 kwintsapho enkulu, kwidolophana Sereda kwiphondo Kostroma. uyise evela Yaroslavl amahlwempu, kodwa waba rusher yakhe. Xa nguDmitry wayeneminyaka-6 ubudala, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Kungekudala isikhululo wavula yentselo eziphethwe yi uyise - Andrey Semenovich Furmanov. ngoko nguDmitry Andreyevich Wakhumbula ukuba singqongwe bume ebuntwaneni bakhe akho kunxila, nto leyo lula ukuba eweni.

Emva kokuphumelela nguDmitry town isikolo ngo-1903 utata wakhe wathumela kuye kwisikolo yorhwebo, yaye ngo-1909-1912 wahlala Kineshma, apho wayefunda esikolweni. Ukususela ebutsheni ekuqaleni unalo mkhwa, mhlawumbi, ukuba esona sizathu sokuba ifani umbhali Fuhrman. Dmitri A. ebomini wagcina idayari oluneenkcukacha, apho wabhala amava ukufunda, ukususela abantu adibana. Kamva, iindinyana bakhethe kulo zapapashwa kwaye kakhulu ukunconywa abagxeki ubutyebi ngezixhobo zoncwadi nembali.

Yemifuniselo yokuqala

Iphephandaba "sheet Ivanovo" ngowe-1912, kwakukho umbongo azinikele utitshala loncwadi yesikolo Kineshma. Yaba kopapasho lokuqala, esatyikitywa phantsi "Furmanov." NguDmitry Andreyevich ngenxa yobomi bakhe wabhala eninzi kwimibongo, ingakumbi kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, kodwa akazange acinge ngokuba yimbongi.

Ngokuthe ngcembe kwenziwe ngaphandle Furmanova umnqweno ukuzibandakanya umsebenzi wokubhala. Le umnqweno kwakhokelela ukuba igcinwe ize kudluliselwa uMthetho Faculty of Moscow State University, apho wabhalisa 1912 kwi-History ne Philology. Ekuqaleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi yaba sisiganeko ukuba wenza into izifundo zamabanga aphakamileyo. Iqala biography empini Furmanov. NguDmitry Andreyevich zibhalise ibhanile uloliwe esibhedlele, kwaye ngo-1915 uveza ngaphambili.

zopolitiko self-determination

romanticism Patriotic Furmanova, ezifana abaninzi, emva kokubona intsingiselo kunye nohlobo imfazwe unika indlela eya ukuphoxeka. Lubonakala ngokucacileyo kwidayari, zizele ukubonakala kumaphepha ayo izibongo Furmanova. NguDmitry Andreyevich kungaphezu ivuso iyasondela idabi kwilishwa eli lizwe.

Emva kwamabutho, uzifumanisa Ivanovo-Voznesensk, apho, njengokuba kulo lonke elo lizwe, lenkolelo revolution. Xa, ngoFebruwari 1917, oko njengokutshayelwa le lobuzwilakhe phambi Furmanov kuvele imfuneko ukuze ukhethe phakathi ezahlukeneyo kwemisinga zezopolitiko.

Indlela Bolshevism

Okokuqala, uzifumanisa ezintlwini Socialist-njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, kwaye ke ngoko uba kumququzeleli we maximalists qela. Yena uqinisekile ukuba kwihlabathi elitsha lingakhiwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa utshintshwano kakhulu olukhulu evumela ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo zonyanzelo nxamnye nabo abambelele ngendlela endala yobomi. Ngelo linye xesha benza Furmanov umsebenzi rhoqo liBhunga yamaSekela Workers '.

Le apotheosis ye iimbono revolution kakhulu ngokuba ukuvela zombutho wesixeko anarchists, ogama inkokeli uba Furmanov. NguDmitry Andreyevich, ogama engobomi iza kuqhubeka ezinxulumene yamaBolshevik Party, ekugqibeleni kumiselwa emva kwentlanganiso nentsebenziswano ka uMikhail Frunze, yasusa babebona yakhe yokugqibela anarchist.

Ngowe-1919 sathunyelwa ngamava Frunze ukuya ngaphambili, apho wamiselwa umkomishinala yeCandelo 25.

Chapaev

Xa ubhala imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo - "Chapaev", ebhalwe-1923, usebenzisa iidayari zakhe, yena akazange ayeke lonke ixesha uye wachitha Chapayev Division. Le ncwadi yahlukile kakhulu ukusuka shot umboniso edumileyo iintshukumisa zakhe 1934. Iindibaniso ngokoqobo ngqwabalala kwembaliso kunye nentetho equkayo, zothando eziqulathwe kunye nobuchule emangalisayo ukuba umbhali entsha, badumisa abafundi kunye iinkosi omkhulu uncwadi. Gorky wabhala ileta eya Furmanov ngokuphuma senjongo yombhali kunye nokuzithemba ebomini bakhe.

Military Furmanova isiphelo yamntlala izimpi ezahlukahlukeneyo imfazwe yobukhaya. Nokubengezela kuyo - iinoveli namabali iphawulwe njengo iziganeko eziphambili 20 zoncwadi Soviet. Inoveli "Imvukelo" (1925) lunikezelwa kwezithandani yemvukelo kulak ku Kazakhstan, inoveli "Team Red" (1921) ichaza umlambo kuhlasela ekhethekileyo Ezomva imikhosi mhlophe Kuban.

Commissioner ukufa

Emva kwemfazwe, umbhali ubusebenza kwimisebenzi boncwadi nezentlalo. umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, ukholelwa umlo ukungabi entsha yoncwadi Soviet, nangona ufumana ukugxekwa ukuze komsipha amathuba evela RAPP - umbutho ababhali ', okuveza kakhulu iimbono-iphiko ekhohlo.

Yena Uzama ukufumana imixholo ezintsha izenzo akazalani iziganeko kwiMfazwe Civil. post-impi yakhe isebenza - izincoko "Seashores" series (1925), elingcwele uhambo ukuya ezantsi weRashiya, unxweme abaseAfrika kunye eCrimea. He kakhulu nok Gorky. Furmanov wasebenza ubuntatheli nzima, wabhala wesizwe zoncwadi.

Ngomhla amaphepha idayari nto accumulated ukuba wayeza ukusebenzisa ukuba babhale iitekisi ezintsha. Kodwa injongo yakhe uzalisekiswe ekuqaleni ukufa ezitenxileyo. Unobangela yokufa kwakhe ngokuba meningitis, umqala obuhlungu, yena akazange anikele ingqalelo.

umyalezo abaninzi wambetha, owayebonakele entwasahlobo ka-1926 ndaba: Matshi 15, emva kokugula ithutyana kodwa ezinzima evelileyo emva iingxaki yomkhuhlane, Dmitriy Andreevich Furmanov wafa eMoscow. Amanqaku yabonakala emva ezi ndaba, zizele ukuzisola ngokunyanisekileyo malunga ekufeni zombhali. Yintoni wakwazi ukwenza, oko kunika ithemba ukuvela iincwadi ezintsha ekumgangatho ophezulu.