Forms neendlela kweentsholongwane. iindlela Physical kunye lwemichiza kweentsholongwane

iintsholongwane eziyingozi ifumaneka phantse yonke indawo. A Inani ingakumbi elikhulu kubo becala kwiindawo ezixineneyo - kumaziko onyango, amashishini. Ukuze kukhuselwe abanye ukuba imiphumela emibi amagciwane nokuthintela ukuba ekusasazeni, kufuna iseti amanyathelo ezithile (ekuthiwa- kweentsholongwane). Forms kunye neendlela kweentsholongwane abasakwazi awohlukeneyo kwaye ekhethiweyo ngokungqinelana msebenzi.

amanyathelo kwamagciwane: uhlobo

Ulwahlulo yale hlobo unyango kuquka imisebenzi efana:

• Ngqo kwamagciwane, ogama njongo - ukutshatyalaliswa ezincinane izifo.
• Disinsection. Eli nyathelo, ukuba silwe nezinambuzane ntli izifo (umzekelo, amangolwane). Kule processing, sebenzisa amagumbi awodwa kunye ngomphunga okanye umoya oshushu, chemical ithetha. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla ukuba ebila, intsimbi kusonjululwa yelinen emhlophe.
• Disinfestation. Oku kuquka imisebenzi apho kweempuku ukuba namandla. Oku kwenziwa ngomatshini, ngokuthi (iikati basekhaya ezibanjiswe ngqo yeempuku) imichiza okanye eziphilayo.

iintlobo kwamagciwane

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili wentshabalalo ezincinane. Eyokuqala lujoliswe nokukhuseleka ingozi yosulelo - le kweentsholongwane ekuthiwa-zifo. Kubanjwe kumaziko atyelela abantwana kwiindawo apho amanani amakhulu abantu abanokuba naso isakhono yosulelo (kumaziko ezonyango, izibhedlele), Amadama, izibonelelo zothutho njalo njalo. N. Ukuba ugqaliselo esi sifo sele ngoku, oko kweentsholongwane kuyimfuneko focal . Kuyinto kweentlobo ezimbini: kanye lokugqibela. I lokuqala lwenzeka kwi ukuhlala rhoqo ngaphakathi umthombo kwamagciwane. Okwesibini - emva umthombo losulelo akusekho langoku. iindlela kweentsholongwane zahlukile. Ukuziqhelisa, baya kuhlanganiswa ukuphumeza isitali iziphumo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Zeziphi iindlela ezahlukeneyo kweentsholongwane

Kuxhomekeke isixhobo esingundoqo esisetyenziswe ukulwa iintsholongwane cell iindlela ezithile. Ukubamba endlini manzi ukucoca, athe, umoya - konke oku igama eliqhelekileyo - kweentsholongwane manual. Oku kunganxulunyaniswa sinkqonkqoza okanye behlunguzela iikhaphethi, yokuhlamba izandla. ubuchule ezinjalo kweentsholongwane kakhulu ngempumelelo ekhaya, ingakumbi umoya. Ngayo inani eziphilayo ukuba emoyeni kunciphisa kakhulu. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo wentshabalalo ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela - kweentsholongwane eziphilayo. It ikhutshwa phandle ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo, ezifana abamelene abe nenkani. Lusetyenziswa nokusulungekiswa amdaka, inkunkuma, cesspits. A umphumela iindlela kweentsholongwane elungileyo ezifana emzimbeni imichiza.

indlela Physical of kweentsholongwane

Le ndlela amagciwane ngokubulala kuye zande ngenxa ukusebenza kwayo. iindlela Physical of kweentsholongwane ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni umphunga, ubushushu, yiultraviolet ray njalo njalo. N. Amaqondo okuya kolu didi kwaye yindlela elula ngobulungisa kodwa esebenzayo ukuphelisa esi sifo. Kukho ikhamera eyodwa (kumagumbi uhlolo sanitary, amaziko ezonyango), kusingathwa apho kwimpahla okanye ebhedini zelinen, ndawonye umphunga (xi). iindlela Physical of kweentsholongwane ingakumbi ukusebenza kwiimeko apho ukusetyenziswa kuthintelwe naziphi na izinto weekhemikhali (ezifana izinto seyonakele ngesenzo sabo). Le eyingozi radiation ezisetyenziswa iintsholongwane inkunkuma. Ezinye Cya zibulawa xa isetyenziswe ngqo elangeni (kodwa kuphela ngexesha elithile, kunye nexesha lonyaka). Ngokusisiseko uhlobo kweentsholongwane emzimbeni ezisetyenziswa processing lokuhlamba, izitya, izinto zokubopha kunye nezixhobo. Ultrasound wasebenzisa enqabile. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iindlela emzimbeni kweentsholongwane kwaye nzala - omnye kakhulu, kwaye ngexesha elinye ekhuselekileyo ukulungiselela abasebenzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente zeekhemikhali

Loo indlela kweentsholongwane kuqhelekile nje kuphela kumaziko zonyango, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, ezifana eziluncedo, ezothutho, ezolimo, ishishini ukutya kunye nabanye abaninzi. ubuchule zemichiza magciwane ukuba sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa okanye ukuncipha umsebenzi iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane nomngundo. Kweentsholongwane mazenziwe ngeendlela ezininzi: efunxa, asisule, unkcenkceshelo, nokulala. ukhetho lwakhe ixhomekeke ngqo phezu kobuso, nto leyo ukuba lumakishwe, kwakunye nexesha apho kufuneka ukuba ufumane yoko. Kwakhona kuthathelwa ingqalelo kunye nezinto injongo, lwesimo zayo. Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba iindlela yemichiza kweentsholongwane zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa izinto eziyityhefu, ngoko xa usebenza nabo kubalulekile ukuba babambelele iingcebiso kunye balawule.

izixhobo kwabulawa

Isiseko ngokusebenzisa izibulali ezilandelayo izinto: chlorine, iikhompawundi zayo, utywala (ethyl okanye imethyl), formaldehyde (kunye formaldehyde) - ezi uluhlu non-alupheli wemichiza. iindlela yemichiza izibulali azikho ngaphandle ayodini, hydrogen peroxide, phenols, Lugol isisombululo. Kwakhona luncedo, kunye neetyuwa ezahlukeneyo asidi. Zonke iikhemikali kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezininzi: ukuba kangako, kufumaneka, enyibilikayo emanzini, babe iipropati esiluhlaza olufanelekileyo andilahlekwanga phezu yokugcina. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo - ukhuseleko iyasetyenziswa. Ntsholongwane azikhutshwa ngohlobo izisombululo, olutshizwa, amacwecwe, umgubo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukhuseleko xa esebenza izibulali. Bonke kufuneka babe kwizikhongozelo etywiniweyo, eneeleyibhile, nto leyo ithi ngokucacileyo igama kunye umhla wokuphelelwa. Akwenzeki ukuba ukulungiselela isisombululo zokusebenza, kumagumbi ezincinane kakuhle umoya. Kwakhona engamkelekanga ukusebenzisa amanzi ashushu (okanye ashushu) apha ukuxutywa zabo.

izintlu zeenkqubo kwamagciwane

amaxwebhu Regulatory Into enkulu kweentsholongwane egqiba ezintathu.

• R-1 sibhekiswe kutshabalalisa iintsholongwane coliform, yaye iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo zemiphunga.
• P-2 - kukho indlela apho kukho usukuzwano ngamagciwane isifo sephepha kunye nazo zonke iintlobo ngamakhowa.
• Imowdi lesithathu (P-3) ku ekulweni i-HIV kunye hepatitis.

Uhlobo ngalunye liqulunqe indlela ekhethekileyo lokuqhuba, yaye ezinye kweentsholongwane ithetha. Technique iqulathe xi ethile into, ixesha apho iindlela kunye neenkqubo kweentsholongwane ukunika isiphumo ebonakalayo. Kumaziko onyango Plans ukuba kweentsholongwane lwangoku, ubungakanani-zincwadi lisebe ngalinye (nokubeleka, uqhaqho).

Njani na ngokuhlamba izandla

Kuba abasebenzi zonyango ingxaki yondele kakhulu iingalo zonyango abanobuchule. Kule kwamagciwane iindlela esetyenzisiweyo kakhulu ukunciphisa ingozi yokosulela ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela evela kugqirha ukuya umguli, ukunciphisa inani zizifo nosocomial. Bekela bucala zokuhlamba ecocekileyo (emva kohlolo, igumbi), kweentsholongwane zisempilweni. Kufuneka yenziwe ukunxibelelana eluswini, izilonda, iinaliti, uqhaqho. unyango zoqhaqho izandla eziyimfuneko ukuze wonke umntu uthatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi. Kulo mzekelo, izandla Sendizihlambile kwaye zonekwe. Asebenza isixhobo olulodwa, nto leyo atyabukile phezu kwimizuzu emi-2. Umthamo ujongwa uhlobo ulwelo ukuze kweentsholongwane. Le nkqubo kufuneka iphindwe kwakhona.

nolawulo lomgangatho kweentsholongwane

Ukuze ukuvavanya umgangatho yokuntlokothiswa, wasebenzisa nesifuthufuthu indlela. Kuliwa phambi nasemva kwamagciwane, kodwa hayi ngaphantsi kwe-3 iiyunithi zokusebenza (malunga ne-1% ye-iqashiso baphathwa). Ukuba iintsholongwane eziyingozi ezingekhoyo, iindlela kweentsholongwane kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Ukuba bafumana flora yayintsholongwane eyosulela, zonke izixhobo kufuneka kwakhona noyicandisa inkqubo yokubulala. Kwakhona ukukhulisa iisampulu igazi ubukho iintsalela kunye iisepha (angayishiya umkhondo obrak). Ulawulo lomgangatho kweentsholongwane kumaziko onyango yenziwa yonke imihla. Lijongene ekuqhubeni nomondli wakhe egumbini eliphezulu.