Forms kunye neentlobo ze-LED: Ulwahlulo, iimpawu, injongo

LED beba izisombululo ngokuya ithandwa, kwaye kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Basenokuba alinakukhuselwa njenge uhombiso okanye ngenjongo kweendawo izibane, kwakunye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwezakhiwo. LED ezibekwe emarikeni uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo zokuguqulwa. Ngabaqulunqe ezi mveliso ezichaphazelekayo ngamathuba anika izisombululo ezintsha ukuthi kungase ekwaziyo zokubumba yayigcinwa ezintsha emarikeni. Zeziphi yeyona ixhaphakileyo LED iintlobo namhlanje? Kuba yintoni iinjongo kokuba zisetyenziswe?

Yintoni LED?

Phambi kokuba kucingwe oqhelekileyo LED iintlobo, ukuhlola ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. I-LED i semiconductor ezinako ukuguqula ombane ekukhanyeni. Kulo mzekelo chip semiconductor, nto leyo icandelo yayo eyintloko ubunjwe lamanqanaba eziliqela, luphawulwa iindidi ezimbini conductivity. Ezizezi - umngxuma kunye electron.

Le conductivity sohlobo yokuqala sibandakanya ukutshintshwa electron ukusuka kwenye atom ukuya kwenye, apho kukho isithuba. Ngenxa yoko, i-atom lokuqala yenye electron kwi ezidlulileyo - .. omnye nje, njl Le ndlela izenzo ngeentambo covalent phakathi atom. Ngaloo intshukumo yabo ayiyi kubakho. Enyanisweni, ihamba ngentlawulo entle, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo obizwa ngokuba yemvelo umngxuma. Ngoko xa umngxuma electron kwenzeka ukuphuma ekukhanyeni.

Kubume bayo, i-LED kwi lonke efanayo ukuya diode rectifier. Oko kukuthi, iye 2 imveliso - into anode kunye cathode. Olu phawu kwenza wokwephuka kuyimfuneko xa odibanisa LED ukuba umthombo wamandla ombane.

Ukubala izinto engqinelanayo kwimeko jikelele, ngoku phambili ka-20 Ma. Enyanisweni, eli xabiso ingacuthwa yaye, nangona kulo mzekelo, uyakwazi ukutshintsha umbala kunye njengokukhazimla LED phantsi. Kwelinye icala, undesirably kwandisa parameter ahambelanayo. Ukuba yangoku idlula ixabiso elilelona, ukuze sinciphise kwi kwinqanaba elifunekayo, iyasebenza umda resistor.

Kukho bekuthi kujonge izinto ekufuneka zigcinwe engqondweni xa ufaka le LED. Oku igqitywa isakhiwo zazo zangaphakathi, ifomu kubulawa. Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokufuneka usebenzise somfanekiso ngenxa LED kunye namanye amacandelo elektroniki ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza isixhobo, nto leyo ifakwe kwi imveliso ngawo.

Kuxhomekeka ukwakhiwa semiconductors kuko LED abe ebomvu, mthubi, luhlaza okanye oluhlaza. Umzekelo, ukuba isakhiwo esilingana licandelo lektronikhi uqulathe ephuculweyo kaLayishe waseGalim, i-LED ukhanyisela oluhlaza. Enyanisweni, omnye iikhrayitheriya ngokusekelwe esixhonteleyo abo okanye ezinye iindidi ilight-esikhupha, kunokuba umbala wawo.

isicelo

I ama lokuqala ukukhanya-esikhupha ibekwe kwi kwimarike, ekuveliseni housings yesinyithi. Ngokuthe ngcembe Yaqala indawo zeplastiki. Kulo mzekelo, umbala idla ukhethe isekelwe phezu umbala ngokuvutha LED. Noko ke, ngokufuthi kukho kwakhona izindlu seplastikhi esitransparenti.

izixhobo Iwagquma zekhompyutha sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba phantse zonke iintlobo LED luphawulwa:

- nokusebenza amandla;

- ubomi inkonzo ende;

- ukumisela umbala wokukhanya ulungise amandla alo;

- ukhuseleko;

- friendly okusingqongileyo.

Xa sincokola ngayo kwamandla, ii-LED yesiphumo ukukhanya efanayo ube namandla kakhulu ngaphantsi kwe izibane eziqhelekileyo. LED amandla ngaphantsi ngexesha elifanayo kunciphisa umthwalo jikelele kwindlela lwamandla kwesakhiwo. Lilonke lesixhobo kuba amashumi eziliqela amaxesha ngaphezulu kunalowo kuluphawu Iibhalbhu eziqhelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu LED azikwazi neze ngaphantsi kubo.

Njengoko ukuyilwa yokubanga sesininzi iimveliso ezifana, kwakunye ukunciphisa iindleko, ii-LED baya zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezifanayo izibane eziqhelekileyo. Naziphi na iingxaki ukufakelwa izigqibo ezifanelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne imidlalo zokukhanyisa zemveli musa kuvuka. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba i LED ethile ilungele ukuba ufakelo kwisithuba grid. Oku kufuna kwangaphambili - ngaphambi kokuba uthenge ii-LED - ukuchonga esisiseko iparameters yayo.

Ziziphi ezinye iingenelo kuthathelwa ingqalelo isicombululo?

Ngenxa yoko, oko kuqatshelwe ukuba iqondo lobushushu umbala LED kuba phantse nayiphi - kuquka indibanisela imibala ngasentla. Ngaphezu koko, lesixhobo kuxhaswa okucoca ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo ukwandisa kakhulu imihlaba isicelo of LED ngokwemigaqo Ukukhethwa lobushushu umbala oyifunayo.

Ukuba nokwenzeka ukukhanya yolawulo lwamandla - enye inzuzo yamacebo ingqalelo. olu khetho kudityaniswe ngempumelelo kwamandla okuphezulu. Power LED inokulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo - kusekelwe phezu kweemeko kanye ukusetyenziswa zalapho zokukhanya. Kwaye oko akuthethi kuchaphazela ubomi nkonzo.

Ii-LED imvelo, ekubeni akukho ayikhuphi yingozi iintlobo zabantu radiation. Olu phawu, kwakhona, udlulisela izicelo yamacebo ngasentla.

Classification: kwizalathisi nokukhanya izisombululo

Iingcali ukuchonga iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ze-LED - Isalathisi kunye ukhanyiso. I zokuqala becala yenzelwe ukwenza isiphumo nokuhombisa ngokukhanya kwaye usetyenziswa njengesixhobo umhombiso kwisakhiwo, igumbi, isithuthi. Okanye njengesixhobo nesimbo yombhalo - ezifana intengiso ibhena.

Kwelinye icala, kukho LED ukukhanyisa. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba ukwandisa njengokukhazimla igumbi okanye indawo ethile yomhlaba - umzekelo, xa siqwalasela LED iimoto. Uhlobo efanelekileyo izisombululo okunye ukusetyenziswa kwezibane eqhelekileyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi elilungileyo ngaphezu ngokokusebenza kwamandla kunye nobuhlobo esingqongileyo.

iintlobo sokubulala

Kodwa emva ukuhlelwa le LED. Ungachaza uluhlu olubanzi izizathu ukufakwa kwazo omnye okanye esinye isigaba. Gcobisa phakathi iingcali ndlela ibandakanya ulwabiwo kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo ephambili LED:

- DIP;

- Spider LED;

- SMD;

- sasibhalwe;

- ifayibha;

- ntambo.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni ingakumbi i-DIP-LED?

Ukuba ufunda ngokweenkcukacha indlela apho ezi ntlobo ze-LED gqi kwimarike, iklasi isixhobo DIP kunganxulunyaniswa kowokuqala, eyaqala ukuba kuthengiswa izixa ezikhulu. Ezi izisombululo ziikristale bahlal nemiluko ezinamacandelo zokukhanyisa, ingakumbi lens, nto leyo uvelisa umqadi ukukhanya.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqwalaselwe ukuba olu didi ilight-esikhupha, nangona ubukho jikelele, akufane ezisetyenziswa phezulu-zobuchwepheshe sphere. Amaninzi ezi izisombululo zisetyenziswa amacandelo wokuloba izibhengezo, amakhasethi, avelele, izivatho.

LED DIP kuba kudidi lwe isibonisi. Baye elinye igama - Dil. Bona efakwe ebhodini kuyo kufuneka pre-umthwalo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo-sikhokelo ye kolu didi yabiwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-LED, ezahlukileyo apha bulb ububanzi, umbala, izinto wokwenziwa. Kulo mzekelo i parameters ezizio emelwe uluhlu olubanzi. Imilo ngesigqibo ingqalelo - zezindlu. Phakathi LED ezichaphazelekayo Sinawo ezinombala kunye isixhobo multi-umbala.

spider LED

Olu hlobo ilight-esikhupha lulonke ifana kakhulu kwizixhobo elidlulileyo. Kodwa kufuneka izigqibo kabini ezininzi - 4. Nangona LED DIP - 2. Isibakala sokuba izisombululo uhlobo lungeniswe na isiphumo, uzilungisele ukusasaza ubushushu kuphucula nokuthembeka amacandelo achaphazelekayo. Ukuziqhelisa, ezithi zisetyenziswe kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ingakumbi njengoko LED iimoto.

LED lohlobo SMD

Ezi izisombululo ziveliswa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba-entabeni ingqiqo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ilight-esikhupha ukuba efakwe nawuphi na umgangatho, lo gama ezinye izisombululo ingafakwa kumngxuma lowo kwindawo ngalo.

Imilinganiselo ye-LED yolu hlobo kunokuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunolo izisombululo ezizezinye kubo, kwakunye nezakhiwo apho kokuba ifakiwe. Kwakhona, kule meko osemthethweni ukuthetha ngayo kangangoko ngakumbi ukusasaza ubushushu. Ukusetyenziswa Uhlobo LED SMD kwiimeko ezininzi ukwandisa Ukwahluka lwezoyilo yokusebenza ukukhanyisa.

SMD-LED udidi ukukhanyisa. Lubonakala ngokuba isakhiwo kunokuba nzima. Ngenxa yoko, i-LED ngokwayo iquka zeendawana yesinyithi. Kuyinto crystal fixed apho soldered ngqo abafowunelwa zeendawana izindlu. Lens ibekwe ngaphezu njengekristale. Ngaloo phezu zeendawana linye kufakelwa 1-3 LED. Kuba SMD ezixhaphakileyo ezifana 3528. Ezi izisombululo babe kumgangatho ophezulu yemfuno iintlobo eliphezulu-ukukhanya LED,.

LED uhlobo sasibhalwe

Uhlobo elandelayo ethandwayo LED - ba-. Yenziwe nge ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa, nto leyo ibandakanya ufakelo crystal ngqo ebhodini. Le isisombululo iphawulwa linani elikhulu yeenzuzo:

- ukukhuselwa iikhompawundi nxamnye igcwala;

- Imilinganiselo zokwakha encinane;

- ukusebenza echibini ubushushu;

- ukunciphisa iindleko yofakelo LED - xa kuthelekiswa, ingakumbi SMD uhlobo izixhobo.

Ukuba sicinga iintlobo zikhankanywe apha ngasentla LED, kusenokuba kuqatshelwe ukuba izisombululo sasibhalwe uphawu kunganxulunyaniswa kakhulu izinto ezintsha. Kuba okokuqala obu bugcisa sele zimiliselwe iinjineli Japanese ngasekupheleni kowama-2000. Ke kaloku ezi ntlobo ze-LED kuqhubeka ukuthandwa.

Ngokutsho kweengcali, izigqibo ngayo aze othandwa kakhulu kwi emarikeni, ingakumbi xa kufikwa abangakwaziyo yorhwebo asendle kwezibane zasekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho iindawo apho ukusetyenziswa sasibhalwe LED kunokuba nzima. Phakathi kwabo - imveliso isixhobo sokukhanyisa yobungcali. Isibakala sokuba LED iyaqwalaselwa kahle kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa kukhubazeko ukuya entlanganweni kwezibane ukucwangcisa izinga igophe ukukhanya. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kusenokubakho efanelekileyo SMD isixhobo uhlobo.

ama ezichazwe babasa. Njengoko iingcali, kuyabonakala ukuba ngcono, ngokusekelwe iimpawu obhobhozayo ezikhanyayo. Ibekwe emarikeni imibala ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ebomvu, eluhlaza, aluhlaza, namhlophe. Wobhobhozayo liqaqambileyo kwezi modeli uye usasazeko engile degrees 40-120.

On zeendawana omnye mayixhonywe phezu 9 uhlobo ba- LED. Bona ehlanganiswa phosphor, ngaloo ndlela yokufumana ukukhanya eliphezulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba wobhobhozayo ukukhanya data phezulu izisombululo kunokuba SMD uhlobo izixhobo. Ngoko, xa siqwalasela ukuba uhlobo LED ingcono, ngoko iikhrayitheriya ezicaciswe babe ukugqithisela sisombululo sasibhalwe-class.

uhlobo sasibhalwe LED nazo kusetyenziswa kushishino ngomatshini. Ukuba zingasetyenziswa njenge njengenxalenye ngaphambili kunye izibane nangasemva, imiqondiso ithuba. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukufaka isixhobo ezifunyenwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, iyavakala ukuba babuyele iingcali banamava.

LED ifayibha

Ukubandakanya LED ezintsha nefayibha. Avele kwimarike kutshanje, ngo-2015. izisombululo ngophuhliso wahlelwa yi iinjineli eMzantsi Korea.

Sebenzisa ezi ntlobo ze-LED kuba ekuvelisweni yokunxiba. Oko kukuthi, omnye esengqiqweni ukuthunga ihempe okanye T-shirt ezinokuba evutha. Iimpahla nokuveliswa LED ifayibha esekelwe ubukele ukusetyenziswa Iipholima ezahlukeneyo kunye nemixube aluminium.

LED ntambo

Omnye umzekelo LED ezintsha - uhlobo nemisontwana izisombululo. main inzuzo yabo - okukhethekileyo kwamandla alingeneyo eliphezulu. Kaloku amandla efanayo, umzekelo, ii-LED ezifana sasibhalwe, cingwana uhlobo izisombululo ukuze zibe kumgangatho ukukhanya eliphezulu.

ezintsha imveliso kubhekwe amaninzi asetyenziswa ekwenziweni nebhalbhu zokukhanyisa. Phakathi iimpawu abadumileyo kwimveliso LED ezahlukeneyo - ukuphunyezwa wayemenza ngqo kwi zeendawana eyenziwe ngeglasi. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuba awabe ukukhanya ekhutshwa yi-LED degrees 360.

Indlela ukukhetha ukhetho best?

Indlela ukufumanisa uhlobo LED oko kangangoko ukuba uyilo ethile? Kukho eziliqela zokugweba, leyo kukhokelwa kulo mbandela. Enyanisweni, akukho esemthethweni ukuchaza kwenkululeko the LED ngokusekelwe yokuhlelwa yayo ngezizathu ukuba ngazo ngasentla. Thina ukufunda ukhetho oluthile amacandelo electronic efanelekileyo uvumela ukuba izixhobo:

- DIP;

- SMD;

- sasibhalwe.

Ukukhethwa LED: nkxu uhlobo oluthile isisombululo

Njengokuba sibonile ngentla apha, eli DIP-LED ziphakathi iimveliso okuqala ukuba ukubetha imarike. Ngenxa yoko, ababandakanyeka abasakwazi ubudala, kodwa ubugcisa ethandwayo nangoku. eziphambili ngani - Kulula ukufaka, kulula imilo, ukhwaliti amandla, ubushushu ephantsi, neqondo ngokwaneleyo eliphezulu wokukhuselwa kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle.

Amaninzi LED zibonwa ziyafumaneka ububanzi of 3 mm kwaye 5 mm. Ukuba ukuthelekiswa iintlobo ze-LED, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukugqiba ukuba izisombululo ingqalelo ezi kangangoko ukuba isicelo:

- njengezinto ze iswitch imoto;

- njengoko izakhi nokuhombisa;

- njengenxalenye ezisezantsi igunya - njengokhetho ngcono - lantern.

LED ingqalelo abe ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunye nokufumaneka emarikeni. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba phakathi iinguqulelo ezininzi nazo rhoqo - LED kwi volts 12. Baya kuba khona kubalawuli online ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye neevenkile ezobuchwepheshe kwiimeko ngokubanzi. Eneneni, zonke ii-LED kwi volts 12 ebonakala imfuno kunokuba eziphakamileyo emarikeni.

Ukukhethwa LED: SMD features izigqibo ezinjalo

Uhlobo olufanelekileyo kwezisombululo imbonakalo zahluke kuyaphi abanye ukuba ine imilo flat. Ayanda data of nezombane lwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imilenze. Yangoku kwi SMD uhlobo LED lisetyenziswa ezinjengeetheminali apho ibekwe kunye ngecala yabo.

Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo ufakelo data lwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa orifices. ukubekwa LED kunokwenziwa compact kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko - ukuze ingancitshiswa nolwakhiwo ekukho kuyo izixhobo esihambelanayo.

Iindlela eziphambili isicelo siqwalaselwe izixhobo - iswitch imoto enye, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezibane elingaphakathi. Phakathi eziluncedo kakhulu zeenketho - ukukhanya ophezulu, ukusebenza ezikhanyayo. Basenze kunye ubungakanani encinane ezi zisombululo ziye izinto ezibalulekileyo phezu kusetyenziswe ezinye iimveliso.

Phakathi kakhulu zithandwa kwimalike namhlanje - LED uhlobo 3528. Ezi iimveliso ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunikezelo ubumba LED. Uyilo imveliso ngokulandelelana ivumela ukuvelisa LED umbala ezintathu-- ezibomvu, bhlowu, kunye nemibala chweba eluhlaza. namanye amacandelo amaninzi elektroniki ziveliswa ngokusekelwe uhlobo izisombululo 3528, ezifana uhlobo LED SMD 5050.

iimveliso ingqalelo nazo esibonakala nokufikeleleka. Kwi emarikeni zidla kuluhlu olubanzi.

Ukukhetha LED: sasibhalwe uhlobo oluthile isisombululo

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uninzi lwale LED zohlobo ahambelanayo - uyilo enamandla kakhulu. osemqoka zazo zithwala - eziziintsali ngokukhawuleza lokukhanya, ngokubeka phezu ziikristale, nto leyo inika ukusasaza ubushushu olutshintshayo.

LED ingqalelo - ngakhanyi kakhulu. Oku kwenza bathandwe hayi nje ukusetyenziswa kuyilo zemoto imoto. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le mveliso kufuneka zifakelwe, kuthathelwe ingqalelo inani kujonge izinto ezibalulekileyo - iingcali ezifana kuphela abanamava sazi. Ngako oko ke kucetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane abasebenzi benkonzo uyakwazi ukufaka izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.