Ephuza Fortress: imbali, iifoto, uhambo

An lesikhumbuzo ebalaseleyo zakhiwo ngoyaba kwinkulungwane XVI i Bender Fortress. Amafoto yale nqaba, kwakunye neenkcukacha umdla malunga namaphepha imbali yayo, uza kufumana kweli nqaku.

Ephuza: ekusekweni sixeko kunye nokwakhiwa enqabeni

Ephuza town yavela kwenye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XV. Ntlandlolo kwathiwa Tighina (ngasendleleni, Romanians kwaye Moldovans abanye ke bathi kusenjalo). Imvelaphi igama lendawo kungenzeka ukuba ezinxulumene elithi "uyilo", njengoko ityala ngokwalo akusondela ukuba yokunqumla engundoqo Dniester.

Uqambe isixeko e Turks Bender, iye ifakwe ilizwe wengingqi ngo-1538. Bathi ke emva kweminyaka emibini efanayo, waza waqala ukwakha inqaba yamandla apha. Nangona kwakusazeka ukuba phambi Bender baba kwindawo ngoyaba le Moldavian ukumkani Shtefana Velikogo.

Ephuza inqaba kwayilwa edumileyo wezakhiwo Sinan, ngubani ngexesha (phantse kwiminyaka elikhulu) yobomi bakhe elide wakha phezu kwamakhulu amathathu izakhiwo phakathi koko Ottoman. Kwi-USSR kukho omnye lesikhumbuzo yokuyilwa wombhali yakhe - mosque Han-Jami in Yevpatoria.

inqaba kungenakugqithwa Bender

Evliya Çelebi, umhambi odumileyo Turkish kwinkulungwane XVI, usinika inkcazelo yokuqala yembali ezinqabeni esixekweni Transnistrian. Ephuza iyi- Western yaseYurophu esiveza zokuzifaka apha uhlobo umbuso. ukwakhiwa yayo phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokungena isixeko zamazibuko. Le dolophu lonke kuqala singqongwe umsele enzulu shaft eliphezulu. Le nqaba efanayo kakhulu, nto leyo ethatha indawo enkulu yeehektare 67, yahlulwe ezimbini: eliphezulu nengasezantsi.

Ngenxa indawo yayo geographical, Bender inqaba sele esemqoka iminyaka emininzi engundoqo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba badlale ngethuba iimfazwe Russian-Turkish.

Imbali Bendery inqaba ukhumbula imizamo eliqela imbethe. Noko ke, abaninzi kubo aziphumelelanga. Kude kube 1770s le nqaba soyiswe ngokupheleleyo.

Le nqaba ngexesha iimfazwe Russian-Turkish

Ngexesha iimfazwe Russian-Turkish womkhosi kunye Russian, njengokuba sisazi, izihlandlo ezithathu ukuthatha eli ngobuchule inqaba obalulekileyo kweenxweme Dniester. Okokuqala uthathe Bendery inqaba yaqhutywa 1770. Operation, eyathatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwama-60, ikhokelwa ngu Perth Panin. Abahlaseli likwazile ukutshabalalisa enye iinqaba nqaba, emva koko i-Russian nkobe. Ngethuba lokufakwa inqaba Bender wabulala ukuya kwi-30% omkhosi lonke Panina - malunga namawaka amathandathu amajoni. Noko ke, eyona njongo kufikelelwe ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1770, unyaka emkhosini Russian band e Bendery Fortress baziswe wayo.

Hi ndlela leyi, i-Russian uKumkanikazi uCatherine II ugxeke olu loyiso, embiza ngokuba uloyiso Pyrrhic. Kunjalo, i Ottoman, ukulahlwa kwale into ebalulekileyo yaba yintlekele ngokwenene.

ukuthatha emva Bender Fortress Russian kwenzeka ngo-ka1789 no 1806. Kodwa ke konke waya ngaphandle kwegazi. Ngoko ke, ngo ka1789 umkhosi Russian phantsi kobunkokheli Grigoriya Potomkina nayo ngaphandle umlo, kwaye ngo-1806 - enqabeni yathinjwa ngenxa ubuqili ukunyoba ekampini Turkish ndiwulinda.

Njengoko yaziwa, Russian-Turkish Imfazwe yaphela kakubi kakhulu Ottoman. Emva kokuphumelela kwabo Russia wawandisa impembelelo yayo elizweni lonke Bessarabia.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Bender Fortress

Nale lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kunye zokuzifaka apha esidityaniswe oluninzi izibakala umdla, leyo ukutsala abakhenkethi enqabeni. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ephuza inqaba umsebenzi wawo Uyalwa ekunene ukuya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini! Nkqu namhlanje, limile kufuphi kwiyunithi yomkhosi karhulumente currency - i Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.
• Inqaba lukhuselwe ngo-1709 Ukrainian Hetman Ivan Mazepa kunye Swedish uKumkani uCharles XII, owabalekayo emva kokoyiswa e Poltava. kungekudala kwaye Mazepa wafa apha, phezu ngaphandle Bender, kwidolophana Varnita.
• Ngenxa ulwamkelo Bendery nqaba kungenxa ngo-1711-ekuthiwa siseko yokuqala eYurophu --siseko Pilipa Orlika, ngubani na ezihlangwini womfi Mazepa.
• In Bendery nqaba ngoku ubuhlungu Museum - omnye kuphela Transnistria.

Munchausen i kernel eyadini inqaba Bendery

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umenzi odumileyo kunye wamazwe Baron Munchausen - oku ku nga ri munhu loyi a ngo ehleketeleriwa. Loo mntu, phantsi kwegama elifanayo, ngokwenene apho. Baron Munchausen evela German Bondenverdera phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII, wakhonza umkhosi Russian waza wathabatha inxaxheba kuthinjwe Russian Bakhchisarai, Perekop, Khotin kunye Yevpatoria. Kodwa apha thatha Russian ayiphumelelanga Bendery inqaba ngeli xesha, yaye baron waba lingqina.

Ngokubanzi, i Munchausen Umxoxi ngokulula "aphaphazele" kwi ngumongo odumileyo nayiphi Fortress Europe. Kodwa Bender sobrazili yokuqala ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo ukufumana le imbali. Xa kwintendelezo Bendery inqaba yaseka edume kunaso ibhola, leyo moya Saxon Baron.

isimo sangoku kunye ukuvuselelwa Bendery inqaba

Ngo-2008 waqalisa kuhlelwa ngaphambili omkhulu kuvuselelwa inqaba. Kulo nyaka omnye ngo-Bender wachitha yokusebenza wokubonelwa ngokuthatha Bender iinqaba. Ngelo inqaba wacwangcisa nasezirhangeni uzuko Russian, eyasekwa Pilipa Orlika siseko lesikhumbuzo, kwakunye odumileyo Baron Munchausen.

Xa inqaba ngoku osebenza lwembali ezimbini: eyokuqala - uhlobo lwembali ka nxaniso, kwaye eyesibini ukwazi ngembali Bendery inqaba. Ekubeni ekwindla ka-2012 ukuze ivenkile abakhenkethi zezikhumbuzo, apho, ngokukodwa, unako ukuthenga iiseramikhi zodidi kunye neenkuni, eyenziwe iingcibi zasekuhlaleni.

Ekwindla ka-2013 yaqala ngokutsha yesibini enkulu inqaba Bendery. Ngokukodwa, siye saqalisa umsebenzi ekubuyiselweni kwisakhiwo yokuyilwa ngobugcisa kwayo ezinde ezimbini. Ukongeza, abazobi wazoba ngaphakathi Wozisibekekisa itempile Aleksandra Nevskogo. Hi ndlela leyi, lo ngunyaka nemiba ukukhula ababekho yaba likhulu: ngo-2013 le nqaba watyelelwa-14 amawaka abantu.

Ngo-2014 kummandla sakhiwo siza kuba uluhlu nokudubula enkulu, apho zonke isivakashi nakho ukusebenzela ukudutyulwa isaphetha okanye crossbow phandle, kwaye baziva ngathi njengegorha ngenene ephakathi. Kulo nyaka omnye umsebenzi waqalisa phezu nokubuyiselwa ezantsi inqaba. Namhlanje Bender Fortress ngoku beye besiba njengendawo yokhenketho enomtsalane. Inye kuphela uyabaphazamisa abatyeleli apha - lo yunithi yomkhosi imi kufutshane. Nangona amajoni kudala ibihlaba kubakhenkethi.

Ephuza Fortress zifakiwe kwi izitampu kunye yamaphepha njengoko Republic of Moldova kunye yinkokeli Transnistrian. Ngoko ke, i-Rock kubonakala phezu eyilwayo kwi lei aseMoldova 100 kunye engange Transnistrian 25. Ukongeza, i inqaba uboniswa kwi kundikhumbuza ngqekembe imali engange-100 esikhutshwe Transdniestria ngo-2006.

Ephuza Fortress excursion, ngoxa

Qho abakhenkethi ngonyaka ngakumbi nangakumbi ukusuka wasondela aphesheya kude etsala isixeko Bendery. Kakade ke, isikhonkwane engundlunkulu igama edume Bendery inqaba. Trip kwinqaba - yeyona ndlela leyinene ngopfu yo dyondza hi kumaphepha amaninzi umdla imbali yayo.

Nqaba vula ngoku wonke ubani ofuna Bender. Esebenza yonke imihla ukususela 9 kusasa ukuya 18:00. Iindleko bokwamkelwa kummandla enqabeni yi-25 engange Transnistrian. Kubalulekile ukuphawula bokuqonda ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: okokuqala, intlawulo singenziwa kuphela ngohlobo lwemali kwiriphabliki engaziwa, yaye okwesibini, ixabiso yokwamkelwa ukuba abameli bamazwe angaphandle - iya kuba kabini nje phezulu.

Le nqaba zinoku-odolwa kwaye ukhenketho, ixabiso ayehluka engange-50 ukuya 150 Transnistrian (kuxhomekeke kubukhulu iqela kunye nexesha le excursion amaninzi). Kutshanje, le nqaba Bakwazi odola sikhokelo, IsiNgesi ukuthetha. Noko ke, ukuba nkonzo abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe kufuneka ahlawule omnye 25 engange.

Ephuza Fortress Museum of Ukuhlukunyezwa

akhoyo kummandla Bendery nqaba elikhethekileyo Museum wayo umxholo - Museum of Ukuhlukunyezwa. Kuye kwavulwa njengokuba kutshanje ekwindla 2012. Le myuziyam ubonisa izixhobo zamaxesha, izixhobo kunye neeyunithi ongemhle kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo nxaniso. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imali ngokwahlukeneyo yokungena kule myuziyam ayikho imfuneko.

Lo mbono ukwenza imyuziyam enjalo izisebenzi inqaba owazalwa ngequbuliso, emva ndandityelele elinye ezinde nqaba. Njengokuba kubhaliwe iyaziwa, waba ngaphambili entolongweni ngenxa amasela ezincinane abaphangi. Ende eli ugcinwe mixokelelwane kweediliya kunye namakhamandela amabanjwa. Kungekudala wongezelela izixhobo ezimbalwa kakhulu exotic nxaniso, yaye isiphumo iyimyuziyam kwenqaba. Namhlanje, abakhenkethi ubona apha isitulo yokuncina, kolenodrobilku, singena iibhokhwe kunye nezinye izinto ezoyikekayo.

Ekuphetheni ...

Ephuza Fortress - iinqaba zokubonisela lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo eYurophu emzantsi-mpuma. Lakhiwa emva ngo 1540, unyaka waba ngemihla iziganeko zakhe ezininzi ezinzima. Namhlanje le nqaba - yeyona site kubakhenkethi uthandwa kakhulu Transnistria.