Electroencephalography - yintoni na? I-electroencephalography eyenziwa njani?

Ubomi bomntu luyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulapha ukuba i-centralized activity of nervous eyenziwa, zonke iimpembelelo ezivela kwiimvo zengqondo zenziwa kwaye iimpendulo zenziwa ukuze kwenziwe isenzo.

Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ukuba ingqondo iqala ukusebenza ngokungalunganga. Ukukrokrela ukuba kukho ukugxilwa kwengqondo kwi-ingqondo akulula. Izindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuxilongwa, njenge-ultrasound, i-MRI, ayisoloko isinika ingcamango efanelekileyo yomsebenzi wakhe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ukususwa kwe-electroencephalogram - umfanekiso wesibongo. Uphononongo lwe-brain wave form usetyenziswe nge-electroencephalography. Yintoni na?

Iyintoni le ndlela?

I-Electroencephalography ngoku iqondwa njengesebe elithile le-electrophysiology, elenza uphando lombane wengqondo kunye nendawo yayo. Isilinganiselo senziwa ngokusebenzisa i-electrodes ekhethekileyo esetyenziswe kwisiqhekeza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. I-Electroencephalography yengqondo iyakwazi ukubona utshintsho oluthile kumsebenzi weeseli zesisindo, ebeka umyalelo wokuphakama ophezulu kunezinye iindlela zokufumanisa izifo ze-neurological.

Njengomphumo wokurekhoda umsebenzi wengqondo, "i-snapshot" okanye i-curve yenziwa - i-electroencephalogram. Kuyo unako ukucacisa zonke iinkalo zobomi beengqondo, ezibonakaliswa ngamaza athile kunye neshyhym. Kuyinto yesiko ukuchaza ezi ngqungquthela ngeencwadi ze- alfabhethi zesiGrike (zicula iingcamango ezi-10). Ngamnye wabo uqulethe amaza athile afana nomsebenzi wengqondo okanye inxalenye ethile.

Imbali yophando

Ukufundwa kwengqondo yombane kwaqaliswa ngowe-1849, xa kuboniswe ukuba yena, njengesihlunu okanye i-fibre nerve, unako ukudala iimpembelelo zombane.

Ngo-1875, izazinzulu ezimbini ezizimeleyo (uDanilevsky eRussia kunye neCaton eNgilandi) zaziyokwazi ukunika umlinganiselo we-electrophysiological umsebenzi wengqondo kwizilwanyana (isifundo senziwa kwizinja, onogwaja kunye neenkwenkwe).

Izinto ezisisiseko ze-electroencephalography zafakwa ngo-1913, xa uVladimir Vladimirovich Pravdich-Neminsky wakwazi ukurekhoda i-electroencephalogram yokuqala kwi-brain's brain. Kwakhona waqala ukuphakamisa igama elithi "electrocerebrogram."

Ngesihlandlo sokuqala kwi-encephalogram yabantu yabhalwa ngo-1928 ngumseshi waseJamani uHans Berger. Wacetyisa ukuqamba igama kwi-electroencephalogram, kwaye loo ndlela ngokwayo yaba yande ukususela ngowe-1934, xa ubukho beengqungquthela zaseBergger buqinisekiswa.

Yenziwa njani inkqubo?

Ukubhaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwiingqondo zenziwa ngecebo elibizwa ngokuba yi-electroencephalograph.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-biocurrents eyakhiwe yingqondo ibuthathaka, kwaye kunzima ukuyilungisa. Kwaye kule ngxaki i-electroencephalography iya kuhlangula. Oko kuthethwa ngentla. Ngoncedo lwe-electroencephalograph, ezi zinto zinokuthi zilungiswe kwaye zikhutshwe xa zidlula kwisixhobo.

Amandla afakwe ngama-electrode ephezulu kwintloko.

Isibonakaliso esibangelwayo singabhalwa kwiphepha, okanye sigcinwe ngekhompyutha (i-computerized electroencephalography) yokuphanda kamva.

Iirekhodi ngokwayo lenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba zero. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwe i-earlobe, okanye inkqubo ye-mastoid ithambo lexeshana, elingenayo i-biocurrents.

Iipulsi zirekhodwa ngamagetsi aphethwe phezu kwentloko ngokwezicwangciso ezizodwa. Inkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke i-10-20.

ISikimu 10-20

Eli cwangciso lilinganiselwe xa kufakwa i-electrodes. Zisasazwa kwi-scalp ngokulandelelana okulandelayo:

• Okokuqala, umgca oxhuma ibhulorho ekhaleni kunye ne-occiput ichongiwe. Ikwahlula kwiingxenye ezili-10 ezilinganayo. I-electrode yokuqala neyokugcina iphakanyisiwe kwiyokuqala nokugqibela, ishumi, iinxalenye zomgca, ngokulandelanayo. Eminye i-electrode ezimbini zibekwe ngokumalunga ne-electrodes ezimbini zokuqala kumgama olingana ne-1/5 yobude bomgca owakhiwa ekuqaleni. Isihlanu sifakwa phakathi phakathi kwezinto ezisele zisekwe.
• Ngokwemimiselo, omnye umgca wenziwa phakathi kwamanzi angaphandle. Iisenjini zifakwe ezimbini kwicala ngalinye (ngalinye kwilizwe) kunye enye-kwi-vertex.
• Ukufanelana nomgca ophakathi phakathi kwe-occiput kunye nebhuloho yempumlo kukho eminye imizila emine-i-right and left left parasagital and temporal. Baya kudlula i-electrodes efakwe kwi-"ear" line. Ngokomgca, ii-electrodes ezininzi zifakwe (5 - kwi-parasaggital, kunye ne-3-ngexesha lexesha).

Kuphela, i-electrode ezingama-21 zifakwe kwi-intloko.

Ukutolika iziphumo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-electroencephalography yekhompyutha iquka ukurekhoda iziphumo kwikhompyutheni ukudala idatha yesigulane ngasinye. Ngenxa yokulungiswa kwedata efunyenweyo, ukuchithwa kwesigxina kweentlobo ezimbini kubunjwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba ngamaza e-alpha kunye ne-beta.

Iyokuqala ihlala isetyenziswe kwindawo yokuphumla. Zibonakaliswe ngombane we-50 μV kunye nesigqi esithile-ukuya kwi-10 ngomzuzwana.

Ukulala kwe-Electroencephalography kusekelwe kwingcaciso yee-beta. Ngokuchasene namagagasi ohlobo lwe-alpha, zincinci ngobukhulu kwaye zivela kwindawo yokuvuka. I-frequency yabo i malunga ne-30 ngomzuzwana, kwaye i-voltage ijikeleze ii-microvolts ezi-15-20. La mazala ngokuqhelekileyo abonisa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wengqondo kwisimo sokuvuka.

I-electroencephalography yesikliniki isekelwe ngokuchanekileyo ekulungiseni la maza. Naluphina ukuphambuka (umzekelo, ukubonakala kwamagagasi e-alfayili kwindawo yokuvusa) kubonisa ubukho benkqubo ethile ye-pathological process. Ukongezelela, kwi-encephalogram ingabonakalisa amaza angama-pathological waves - ama-waves, ii-waves-or change in their nature-ukubonakala kweentlobo ze-spiky complexes.

Iimpawu zesifundo

Imfuneko yokufundwa yinto yokungahambi kakuhle kwesigulane. Ekusebenzeni komsebenzi kwi-electroencephalogram, kukho ukuphazamiseka, okuphazamisa ukuchithwa okufanelekileyo. Kubantwana, ubukho bokuba ukuphazamiseka okunjalo akuphepheki.

Ukongezelela, kunobunzima babo ekusebenzeni kubantwana kunye ne-electroencephalography ngokwayo. Yintoni - ukuchaza kumntwana kunzima ngokwaneleyo, kwaye akunakwenzeka rhoqo ukuba amthintele ukuba agqoke isigqoko esinamagqabi. Oku kunokubangela ukuvakalelwa ngabantwana, oko kuya kuphazamisa iziphumo. Yingakho kufuneka uqaphele abazali bakho ukuba ufuna ukunyanzela umntwana wakho ukuba abeke i-electrodes nganoma yiphi indlela.

Ngethuba lokufunda, iisampuli kunye ne-hyperventilation kunye ne-photostimulation zivame ukwenza. Basivumela ukuba sibone iziphazamiseko ezithile kwingqondo engagqityiyo ekuphumleni.

Ngaphambi kokuba isifundo singanyanzelwanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa nayiphi na imichiza echaphazela ingqondo.

Iinkcazo zenkqubo

Ziziphi iziganeko olu pho nonongo?

Indlela ye-electroencephalography iboniswa kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuba kukho i-anamnesis yokuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza.
• Kwixesha elide, kukho iintloko ezingenakuvalwa ngokuthatha amachiza.
• Kwimeko yenkumbulo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweengqalelo.
• Iziphazamiso zokulala kunye neengxaki zokulala nokuvuswa.
• Xa krokrelwa ukulahlwa kwengqondo kwabantwana ekuphuhlisweni.
• Utywala kunye nokukhathala.

Ukongeza koku ngasentla, i-electroencephalography ikuvumela ukubeka esweni iziphumo zonyango kwizigulane ezithobela uhlobo oluthile lweziyobisi okanye i-physiotherapy.

Le ndlela ivumela ukucacisa ubukho bezo zifo njenge-epilepsy, i- tumor tumors, izilonda ezithathelanayo ezisifo seengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-trophic kunye nokunikezelwa kwegazi kwimizimba yengqondo.

I-Electroencephalography kubantwana iqhutyelwa ekuxilongweni kwe-Down's syndrome, ene-cerebral palsy, i-delay retard.

Ukungqinelana kwenkqubo

Inkqubo ngokwayo ayinakuphikiswa kweso sicelo. Into eyona nto inokunciphisa ukuziphatha kwayo yikho ebusweni bentloko yokulimala okukhulu, iinkqubo ezichaphazelayo okanye iintsholongwane ezingaphilanga ngexesha lokufunda.

I-Electroencephalography yeengqondo ngokuqapha kwenzelwa izigulane ezingcolileyo ngokwengqondo, kuba ukubonakala kweefayili kunokubenza babe nomsindo. Ukucima izigulane ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukulawula i-tranquilizers, enokunciphisa kakhulu imfundo yolwazi lwenkqubo kwaye ikhokele kwi-data engafanelekanga.

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, inkqubo kufuneka ishiywe kwizigulane ezinzima ezineenkathazo ze-cardiovascular discompens. Ukuba i-electroencephalograph ephathekayo iyafumaneka, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye ungathathi isigulane ngokwakhe kwigumbi lokuxilonga.

Uyimfuneko yophando

Ngelishwa, akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba kukho indlela yokuxilongwa njenge-electroencephalography. Yintoni eyaziwayo - uyazi nabantu abambalwa, ngenxa yento engeyiyo yonke into eya kumgqirha ngokuziphatha kwakhe. Kodwa ngeze, ngenxa yokuba le ndlela ibuhlungu xa ubhalisa iinjongo zengqondo. Ngokufunda ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo kwedata efunyenweyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ingcamango epheleleyo malunga nokusebenza kwezakhiwo zobuchopho kunye nobukho beenkqubo ezinokuthi zenzeke.

Yiyo le nkqubo eyenza ukuba kube lula ukucacisa ubukho bokubuyela emuva ekuphuculweni kwengqondo kubantwana abancinci (nangona kubalulekile ukwenza isilungiso kwimeko yokuba iingxaki zengqondo kubantwana ziyahlukahlukana nakwabantu abadala).

Nangona kukho akukho nto engafanelekiyo kwinkqubo yenzwa, ngamanye amaxesha kungcono ukwenza uviwo lokuxilonga kunye nokufakwa komyalelo we-EEG, njengoko kunokukunceda ukuqonda utshintsho olusuka kwisakhiwo sengqondo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuphumeleleni ukuphilisa eso sifo.