Croats nama: Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imbali impixano, izibakala umdla neempawu ngesimilo

Nzima ukukukholelwa oku, kodwa kwakungekho iyantlukwano enkulu phakathi kwabona Balkan. De kwinkulungwane XIX, abantu abaninzi lwabahlali Yiloo Croats nama. Umahluko lisekhona, kodwa kuphela zonqulo! Croats babephantsi kwempembelelo enamandla eItali, Austria, ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi. Zokuhlala zokuqala Croatian wabonakala phezu kummandla kwiMeditera kwinkulungwane VII.

Ezi ziganeko sizibandakanya khangela usindiso zezizwe baseMpumalanga Avars, amaJamani kwaye Huns, saa kwilizwe lonke. namhlanje Uninzi onke nokuxubana ubumnini ayinyulileyo Zagreb nemida yayo engqongileyo. Noko ke, ukufikelela kulo ngokwengeniso ayizuzileyo nxweme, kuba phantsi kolwalathiso abaseRoma, abazange baphumelele. Ke nokuxubana wadala izilawuli eziliqela elizimeleyo.

Croatia njengenxalenye Hungary

Ngakumbi X ikhulu Croats wacela uncedo yoBukhosi baseByzantium, baqokelela ibutho ukudala imo ebumbeneyo. Kuzise kule mini abantu Croatian abathanda ukuba baqwalasele ubuKristu wakhe. Ixesha lokuqala ukunyuka zange ihlale ixesha elide de umahluko zangaphakathi musani zibe usongo umanyano lwesizwe. Ke Commonwealth elunge 1102 babona yabo Kalman I, ukumkani Hungary. Ngenxa yoko, Croatia waba yinxalenye ubukumkani Hungary. Amaqela avumelene ukuba Kalman ushiye ingatshintshanga isakhiwo solawulo kunye nezopolitiko, amalungelo ahlukile.

Ingcinezelo ubukumkani Hungarian

Ukuba phantsi kolawulo Hungary, Croatia kwafuneka ukuba ukwabelana ezininzi enzima utshintsho Ngokwembali le ubukumkani. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, umonakalo ebalulekileyo kwabangela ukuhlaselwa Ottoman. Ngenxa yokuba kuqala gqolo wafudukela ngasentla, urhulumente isiHungary ngo-1553 kwimimandla umda lamabutho ka eSlovenia, Croatia. isimo eladlulayo imfazwe eyathatha iminyaka engama-25. Ngeli xesha, inkoliso yabemi basaba kwintsimi ekhuselekileyo.

Noko ke, umkhosi Turkish phantsi kwephiko Ottoman Sultan Suleiman Zobungangamela waphuncuka ukuziphendulela. Ngaphezu koko, umkhosi unako ukuza emasangweni Vienna, kodwa ukufaka ayiphumelelanga ngokwakhe isixeko. Ngo-1593 i-Battle of Sisak kwanyanzeleka Ottoman ukushiya kumazwe Croatian oyiswe. Xa ilifa yabo kuphela ebumelwaneni Bosnian.

Umanyano embambanweni izizwe ezibini Slavic

Kuchatshazelwa Austrians kwaye Hungarians, Croats ingabonakali baphulukana bangoobani wesizwe. Noko ke, kukho imvo yokuwajongela ofanayo abahlaseli Turkish bavavanywa ngaxeshanye, kunye Croats, nama. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kukho enye kuphela into - izithethe ukungangqinelani. Noko ke, ukuba nemvakalelo intiyo kuba lokubhukuqa wayenamandla kakhulu umahluko nkoka amasiko. Imizekelo ekulweni umanyano Croat kunye Serb bavukeli abanakubalwa! Kunye ke balwa nabananisi ezikrakra Ottoman, kwakunye ubuncinane oprotivevshimi Habsburgs.

Ngowe-1918 bekukho imeko kakuhle - ngokuwa Empire Austria-Hungarian. isiganeko elidlulileyo wenza kube lula ukuba ukhipha kumazwe esemazantsi. Ngaloo kwasekwa ubukumkani enye weYugoslavia. Enyanisweni, lo ukugxothwa Turks and ukuyilwa ubukumkani eyahlukileyo kwafuneka ngakumbi ekumanyaniseni abantu baseMpumalanga. Kodwa kwathi enye indlela jikelele ...

Unobangela kwimpixano yokuqala

I Ungqabhuko yokuqala usukuzwano yavela emva kokuphela kwemfazwe yesibini Russian-Turkish. Kwaba ngoko aqala libali lokwenyaniso ukungqubana namaSerb and Croats! Imfuneko ngokutsha weeBalkans yaba kufe unanamhla ubumpi.

Enyanisweni, lo gama kukho ngokukhawuleza ekufumaneni ukwamkelwa, bobabini hamba nxamnye kwemali. neengqondo Serbian wabeka phambili ingcamango "Enkulu weYugoslavia". Ngaphezu koko, eli ziko inkqubo kufuneka abunjwe kanye eSerbia. Zasabela lentetho ukuvela iphephandaba wesizwe "abangamaSerb igama" ebhaliweyo ukwaphulwa isandla, Ante Starcevic.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ezi ziganeko ekhulisa kudala. Nangona kunjalo, unanamhla kukho isithintelo gqithi apho bengenakho ukusisombulula bodwa Croats nama. Umahluko phakathi kwezizwe ezimbini emaqandeni zonakaliswa abonakala ekuqondeni umbuzo obalulekileyo kubo. Ukuba guest abangamaSerb ngulowo owalusa umkhosi, kuba Croats - ngulowo owalusa host.

Utata wesizwe Croatian

Ante Starcevic kuqala wanika ingcamango yokuba ezi Croats hayi kwabona! Bathi ukuba bayinzala ka amaJamani ngokukhawuleza yaba benemfundo, kuba ngale ndlela ufuna ukuphatha ngcono amakhoboka Balkan. Yintoni embi isigqebelo wekamva! "Noyise Croatian zesizwe" Umama waba Orthodox, noyise - Katolika.

Nangona into yokuba abazali yayingamaSerb, unyana waba yinkokheli ezizinzululwazi Croatia abo bathengisa ingqikelelo kohlanga yamaSerb kwilizwe labo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni indoda engumYuda iosif Frank. Nangona Ante Starcevic waba nenzondo enzulu kwaye olu hlanga. njengoko uYosefu yena waba Croats wesizwe yamkela ubuKatolika.

Njengoko ubona, umbhali liphuhlise akhe woyilo guy. amabali Okubuhlungu kulo mntu. ntle bazikhohlisa Starcevic wasabela ezintliziyweni zolutsha Croatian. Ngenxa yoko, kwelaseDalmati, waseSlavonia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane itshayelwe uthotho kwamaJuda Serb. Ngelo xesha, akukho mntu awayecinga ukuba beze, ukuba Croats - into eyenziweyo kuguquka nama!

Ngokomzekelo, phantsi kwephiko "utata wesizwe 'ukusuka 1 ukuya ku-3 Septemba 1902, kunye nomhlobo wakhe noFrank Croats e Karlovac, Slavonski Brod, Zagreb wabatshabalalisa iivenkile abangamaSerb kunye neendibano. Behlasela indlu olungamenywanga, elahliweyo izinto zabo, wabethwa.

kwihlabathi ethe kubukumkani obumanyeneyo

Enye ngenxa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ukuvela ubukumkani elimanyeneyo. Uninzi kwimbali nobungqina kubonisa inxaxheba yamaSerb ukuba ukulahlwa yobundlobongela ngaphakathi ebukumkanini Slovenes kunye Croats.

Uqoqosho eSlovenia, Croatia yasungulwa ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, nayo, wabuza umbuzo enobulungisa. Kutheni kubalulekile nje ukuba ukondla sixeko zabangento? Apho kungcono ukwenza imeko zabo ezimeleyo, uphila kamnandi emva koko. Ukongeza, kuba Serbian Orthodox nokuxubana zonke basoloko yaye uya kuhlala kuyo njengomphambukeli!

kohlanga Croatian

Ubukho ubukumkani baseYugoslavia zange kube kudala - yeSibini World War. Ngowe-1941, 6 Apreli moya waseJamani wahlasela Belgrade. Emva kweentsuku nje ezimbini yomkhosi wamaNazi wayesele bababamba loo ntsimi. Ngexesha lemfazwe, yafumana omnye ethandwa umbutho nenkani Ustasha Ante Pavelic. Croatia waba nanceba waseJamani.

Belgrade mbali bakholelwa ukuba inani eliqikelelwayo Ustashe kwabafileyo - 800 amawaka Gypsies, amaYuda nama .. nabantu abangama-400 kuphela wakwazi ukubaleka eSerbia. Ngokwabo Croats eli nani wayengayikhanyeli, kodwa bathi ukuba inkoliso yabo - ukuba luqalile kubulawa ngemipu ngezandla zabo. NamaSerb, nayo, qiniseka ukuba ama-90% amaxhoba - abangalwiyo.

Ukuba ithuba kubakhenkethi namhlanje ziya kuba kumhlaba Serbian, kunokwenzeka ukuba abanini baya kubonisa umdla sinyanisekile umtyeleli. Icala Croatian iye - ngokuchasene! Nokuba ngaphandle iingcingo ngumsina Asia, amasango nayiphi na imbonakalo mthethweni emajukujukwini zabo kubonwa wabona Ukumemeza. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo, ungenza ngokucacileyo indlela ngubani Croats nama. abalinganiswa Iimpawu kugqame kakhulu kwi sengqondo ezi zizwana zibini.

AmaNazi kanye 'ukholo

Emva kwemfazwe, iYugoslavia phantsi kwempembelelo USSR. Urhulumente entsha ekhokelwa uJosip Broz Tito, owayelawula abantu ngegqudu de ukufa kwakhe. Kulo mzekelo, uTito akazange athathe amacebiso umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni kuMoses Pyade, uyalwa ukuxuba labemi zabemi eSlovenia kunye Croatia kunye yamaSerb. Emva 1980, ngenxa nepolitiki kwaye sendawo eYugoslavia waqalisa ukuba kancane yahlukana, baza ke Croats ezininzi nama. Umahluko phakathi kweentlanga ezimbini kanye emaqandeni kwakhona wehla waya ubutshaba ezazingasombululeki.

Lwelani federalism Croats uphansi Habsburgs akazange afune ukuqhelana namaSerb. Croats naye akazange afune ukuba avume ukuba kanye ukuzalwa Southern karhulumente Slavic ibopheleleke kuphela ukubandezeleka kwimpumelelo esemthe- yamajoni namaSerb. NamaSerb, nayo, abayi ukuba ndiyilahle nabo kuphela kutshanje wenza iyunifomu yakhe Austria. Ukongeza, ngamandla, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu ukulwa yabakungcangcazelisayo ngakwicala Austria, i Croats zange waya egxalabeni Serbian. Mu kuya kwa nshita Slovaks, Czechs.

Impi ekhaya

Kamva, ekuqaleni 1990, kwakukho ukuwa waseUSSR, ngexesha eyalandela ukwahlulwa lokugqibela weYugoslavia. Ngenxa yoko, Croatia wathi inkululeko, ukuxhuma evela lizwe. Noko ke, namaSerb e Croatia ngokwabo aphemba ungquzulwano phakathi-ndawo ngaphakathi elizweni. Emva kwexesha elifutshane, oku kwakhokelela kwimfazwe yamakhaya kubulawa. Serbian kunye yesiYugoslav Army ahlasela ummandla iCroatia, Dubrovnik kunye nokuthinjwa eVukovar.

Sekunjalo, sizama cala ujonge kokuqhambuka impixano, ngaphandle umahluko phakathi "ngekhohlo" kunye "nokunene". ICroatia naseSerbia. Yintoni umahluko? Ukuba sithethe malunga neenjongo zonqulo, kukhuselekile bathi abathile - amaKatolika nabanye - Orthodox. Noko ke, oko kukuthi iqashiso weziphithiphithi interchurch injongo yakhe ephambili Kukuwe amahlelo nempumelelo. Ngoko ke, asimele silibale ukuba amaSerb Croatian kwi izizwe ezibini zokuqala emaqandeni ukuba mhadi lonke kwinkulungwane XX, iintshaba zabo eqhelekileyo.

Igama elithi "kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II" ku Croatia

In Croat imfazwe yamakhaya ebizwa World. Ukongeza, bakhutyekiswe kakhulu ukuba umntu basenokuthi eyahlukileyo. Kolu lwazi, akunjalo kwakudala ndayaphula nokuba kukho ihlazo ngamazwe kunye eSwitzerland. Eli lizwe ongavunyelwanga ukuba angene ummandla wayo wayeyimvumi Croatian Marko Perkovic Thompson. Kwakuthethelelwa ukuba imidlalo Marco Kindle kwezizwe, intiyo yonqulo.

Xa Swiss ngokungenankathalo asetyenziswe kwitekisi ebizwa ngokuba "Civil War", ukuba ziye zabangela soqobo iimvakalelo Kubulungiseleli Croatian. Ukuphendula, icala Croatian uthumele ileta bekhalaza ukuphamba wayo Stepana Mesicha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isenzo esinjalo ukuba wabangela ubhavumo nje. Ukongeza, umongameli akazange ungathanda ukuba amagosa Croatian waziphendulela ndamthiya Thompson, ngubani ngokwenene wabonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo ziphembelela ungquzulwano. Noko ke, xa kufikwa ngamazwi ngqo ukuba abaseleyo, unako uvale amehlo akho.

Umsunguli imfazwe entsha - umkhosi yesiYugoslav

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, yimfazwe ezininzi yoluntu. Okokuqala, uqale ukubeka ngakumbi kwaqhambuka eYugoslavia iingxabano united zembujiswano kunye. Ukongeza, nama nawuphikisa kobunkokheli Croatian ngenene ngummi weli lizwe.

Okwesibini, empini ukuzimela Croatian lwaqhutywa kuphela ngexesha lokuqala. Xa iCroatia yafumana iwonga kwihlabathi ukuzimela, imfazwe kodwa waqhubeka. Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha kwaba kusiwe ngokukuko umanyano Croatia kaThixo indawo. On top of konke oku, imfazwe yaba kunakuhlanga ecacileyo yonqulo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mabali lo kodwa unika imfazwe umnxeba yamakhaya, kuquka kuphela Croats kunye nama?

Imbali, njengoko siyazi, isekelwe kuphela kumanqaku nzima! Bathi ukuba Abantu Southern Umkhosi (JNA) wadlala indima mhlaseli oyinyaniso Croatia. Ngaphezu koko, kunjalo Croatia wahlala inxalenye Yugoslavia, leyo ngokusesikweni alawula inkokheli ezimbini Croatian - Mongameli Stjepan Mesic, kunye iNkulumbuso Ante Markovic. Ngu eyayisisiqalo ngokuchasene eVukovar, umkhosi baseYugoslavia kakade ngokusemthethweni ngaphakathi kummandla Croatia. Ngoko ke, lo isiganeko ayikwazi ngokuba ukuphazamisa uchuku ngaphandle.

Nangona kunjalo, kwicala Croatian akazange afune ukuba avume ukuba JNA akazange amelwe izilangazelelo eSerbia. Phambi uhlaselo eVukovar ekuthathe Agasti 25, 1991, i-JNA wadlala indima lecala eliphikisayo. Kwixesha elizayo, umkhosi baseYugoslavia Wayemelwe kuphela iinjengele zakhe, kwakunye yinxalenye encinane kurhulumente wamaKomanisi.

nokuba Croatia waba netyala?

Kwanasemva kokuba ukurhoxiswa eentloko ezaxhobela yesiYugoslav ukusuka eMpuma waseSlavonia, Baranja kunye Western Srijem JNA kodwa baqhubeka zabo phezu Croatia. Ngokukodwa, e Dubrovnik. Yaye ndlongo abuthethileyo kubonakaliswa Bosnia, neHerzegovina, Montenegro. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uhlaselo kwakhona khona ngamaSerb Bosnian. ICroatia, yena, naye walwa Army of Republika Srpska kwi kummandla Herzegovina iBosnia.

Ngokutsho izibalo leengcali, phezu Balkan Peninsula, amaxhoba imfazwe, eyathatha iminyaka emine, wayengekho ngaphantsi kwe-20 amawaka. Man. Ngenxa ukukhuthazwa UN kunye neminye imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kwi-1995 imfazwe Croatia wamiswa. Namhlanje, bonke abancokola azezi ukubuya iimbacu, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, intetho ngakumbi ukubuyela ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza oko.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ubudlelwane Croatia-Serbia ukuya kumhla ngokungeyompumelelo kude mafu esibhakabhakeni. A yangqubana mutual kwenzeka unanamhla. Ngokukodwa ezo ndawo bezithe bachatshazelwe kakhulu yile impi. Noko ke, demonization mpilweni yabantu Croatian, ukuchitha onke 90 kuqhubeke kwezinye ngoku, nto idibana nenyani!