City Uzbekistan - Kokand

Intsimi yamanje Uzbekistan kubekwe ekwahlukaneni kweendlela zamandulo zorhwebo odibanisa eMpuma Ekude kunye Near East naseYurophu. Akumangalisi ukuba phakathi imizi yakhe iisayithi ezininzi kangaka, ezaziwa nkqu eRoma yamandulo. Namhlanje Kokand e Uzbekistan yenye yezi zokuhlala, imbali apho ubuyela kudala. Xa lo mzi nokuba waba isimo ombaxa.

Kokand e Uzbekistan

Ngemihla eSoviet Union kwi kummandla Kokand onyaka eziliqela yomsebenzi zakudala kuthwalelwa phandle, ngenxa apho iindonga yamandulo iziseko izakhiwo omkhulukazi besive emaphakadeni l-ll n kwafunyanwa. e.

Kodwa izazinzulu asilinganiseli imbali sixeko eli xesha kuphela, beyeka ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuba le ndawo wabonakala embindini ekuthiwa-Sokh Oasis, siya kuthathwa ngokuthi kwi Vll BC leminyaka. e kummandla Kokand kwakukho zokuhlala isigxina amafama yamandulo, ukwakhiwa ophehlwa ezizodwa okunkcenkceshela amasimi abo.

Kamva ukhankanya balo mzi azifumaneki kwiirekhodi lwabahambi Arab abazichaza umzi, indawo apho buthi asifani Kokand. Ngo-Arabic ibizwa ngokuba iingxelo okanye Hovakendom Hokandom.

abahambi Arab kunye nabarhwebi ayikwazanga miss lo mzi, njengoko ibekwe kwi kwindlela yorhwebo phakathi India, China kunye ePersi.

indawo Ferghana

Imozulu lonke Uzbekistan kunye Kokand e uyahluka ezithile abuthethe ukuhla zamaxesha kabukhali yezwekazi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukungabikho unkcenkceshelo yendalo kufuna umzamo izityalo unkcenkceshayo, kuba ngaphandle kobunyulu akukho sisizwe asinde.

Ngenxa yale ndawo okhethekileyo kwimephu Uzbekistan ohlala kummandla Ferghana, esi sixeko sikhulu leyo Kokand. Noko ke, iziko lolawulo ngumzi Fergana.

kummandla Ferghana yohlukile kwezinye iingingqi Uzbekistan sezulu onomoya, umoya ococekileyo esempilweni. Nangona imali encinane enye ye kwezulu, njengoko kwezinye iindawo kweli lizwe, i-Valley Ferghana inika ezingama iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu kwezolimo, njengoko biyela imimoya ebusika, ezifana nezo kwiidreyini umhlaba kwi Tashkent eMeribha.

Ukongeza, le ngingqi imithombo yamanzi enkulukazi Syrdarya lomlambo, Isfayramsay, Isfara kunye soh, ngubani kangangeenkulungwane kuvumela abalimi bendawo ukuba akhule umqhaphu kunye neentlobo wemifuno.

uqoqosho Kokand

Uzbekistan ubekwa kwindawo yesine elizweni ngokwemigaqo zolondolozo zegolide, kwaye inani kwemveliso yonyaka ngentsimbi elixabisekileyo - yesixhenxe. Nangona kunjalo, inkxaso wokwenene kuqoqosho Uzbek sele babeshiywe ingqalelo kwezolimo, nto leyo ochumayo kweli lizwe, nangona ukuntsonkotha imozulu.

Ukususela kuqoqosho okucwangcisiweyo USSR Uzbekistan ilifa ezolimo kunokuba obungabangeli mdla, ezizodwa kakhulu kwintengiso yemveliso komqhaphu, leyo ebudeni bolawulo lweSoviet sele phantse inkcubeko yeqela.

Noko ke, emva kokuba kwawa yiSoviet Union kwezolimo ngokukhawuleza ibonakale ukuxuba kokungenisa iyantlukwano kwimveliso. Uninzi kwimimandla waqalisa ukuhlwayela ingqolowa, leyo ivelisa ngokusebenzisa olufanelekileyo agronomic landa kakhulu ngeminyaka.

Kwaye ke, ekubeni ukuzimela liye landa inani abavelisi abazimeleyo, abafuna ulwaneliseko ubuninzi kwimfuno yabathengi olukhoyo kwimarike yase Uzbekistan. Kokand, umzekelo, ligxininisa ukuhluzwa yomqhaphu kunye nokutya nemveliso.

Imbali elide kwamathanga

Phambi kokuba ube yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya, ummandla Uzbekistan mihla kunye Kokand uzimele yaye ukumelana ongqingqwa amajoni Russian. Komdlalo wabo wokuqala phakathi Kokand Khanate, elo ziko nezopolitiko isixeko Kokand, kunye uBukhosi Russian kwenzeka ngo-1850, xa kummandla Khanate yahlasela kwecala ezimbini umkhosi.

I imfazwe ne-Russia isusiwe ukusuka kwiziko likarhulumente, kuqulethe nomxokelelwane ukungqubana axhobileyo lathatha iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, kwaye isiphumo yaba wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano trade wajika Khanate, kwaye nalo ke eBukhara Emirate, kwimo ekuxhomekekeni iRussia.

Kokand e Uzbekistan usenalo iwonga olulodwa, nto leyo ichazwe kakhulu kuphuhliso olukhulu zala macandelo kwaye inani elikhulu lamashishini nkonzo. Hi xikombiso, ku Kokand na kulawulo kaloliwe ka kummandla Fergana, nangona oko kuthathwa ukuba iziko lolawulo Fergana.

Uzbekistan yanamhlanje

Kokand, engomnye wemizi sidala kweli lizwe, utsala abakhenkethi ezininzi ukusuka eYurophu, eRashiya nakwiMpuma Ekude, ingakumbi China. Noko ke, kule ndawo yokuqala abakhenkethi awunamdla kwisiza zakudala zokuhlala zamandulo, Nelifa yokwakha kwexesha kade Khanate of Kokand kunye nexesha Soviet, ukususela ngexesha lolawulo kwi-Uzbek sesakhiwo mdla kangako.

Enye ezinika enkulu umzi wakomkhulu Khudoyar Khan, umntu utyikitye isivumelwano macala kunye uBukhosi Russian, ngaloo isiphelo kokuzimela karhulumente.

Eli bhotwe a nomboniso oliqhayiya obutofotofo kunye self-baziswa, kwaye wacinga ukuba obugqitha bonke ubuhle bayo kuye wakha kwibhotwe Khan kaThixo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwayo yagqitywa kwiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba ngokoyisa Kokand, kunye nebhotwe yaba lesikhumbuzo ukuya kwixesha eladlulayo.