Chaza indlela yokugcina ifayile kwi didki. File System Organisation

Ukuba ufuna ulwazi malunga "Isihloko kwinkqubo yokugcina ifayile kwidiski", ngoko ke indlela etyenenezileyo ngasekunene! Nawuphi data into kwi khompyutha yakho ukuba zifumaneke ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva. Kodwa nokuphumeza njani kwindlela? Nzima okanye akunjalo?

Yintoni inkqubo yokugcina ifayile

Phantsi kwenkqubo yokugcina ifayile uyayiqonda isisombululo hardware kunye software ejoliswe kukuqinisekisa yokugcina ekhuselekileyo kuzo zonke data akhiwe. Banakho asebenze kwindawo engundoqo okanye eyongezelelweyo iziko ukuba lweenkcukacha. Yiloo ndlela unako ukuphendula, ukuba ufuna ukuseta umsebenzi: ". Chaza iifayile kwi inkqubo yokugcina disk" Ngaphandle kokuba amazwi emfutshane, kukho bade ezinzima ngakumbi: elandelwayo, iintlobo, ubuchwepheshe.

Izivumelwano

Xa yokugcina iinkcukacha kunye transmission protocol usebenzisa iqela ezenzekayo. Abanye ke ambalwa, ngoxa abanye zithandwa kakhulu. Okwangoku, inxaxheba ukusebenza iSCSI, ngoko ke ibali neMigaqo uya kwenziwa umzekelo wakhe. Obu bugcisa ijonge ukusebenza nge yothungelwano lwezakhiwo njengesiqhelo. It ikuvumela ukuba ukwazi ukuqhagamshela ukuba izitishi okanye iiseva kumacebo okugcina kusebenziso lasemva ngendlela efana ukuba - iinxalenye ye computer. Ngomhla ngeenzuzo enjalo protocol wathi:

1. umsebenzi wakhe cheap, ukuba akunjalo mahala (shareware).
2. Imodyuli software ye protocol ukusebenza zonke iinkqubo ethandwayo yokusebenza. Kwezinye lifakwe ngokungagqibekanga, kwezinye - kwaye oko ilandelwa kwikhompyutha yakho ukuze nongeze kakhulu kwimiboniso ye applet.
3. Umsebenzi kunokwenzeka ngoko nangoko emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo engathethekiyo.
4. Ngenxa yokuba protocol isebenzisa idilesi ye Internet, oko basenokugqithisela i data kwi nayiphi na indawo ehlabathini apho kukho ingxelo.

Kuye ke iingenelo kuphela, kodwa kuneengxaki. Ngokubanzi, iye ethile enye kuphela: i ezibophelelayo kwidilesi Internet kunye ukungakwazi ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwayo.

iintlobo lweenkqubo

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, nokuba iimfuno kusetyenziswa yokugcina lwefayile 4:

1. DAS. Phantsi aqonde mbi abaqhagamshelwe ngqo inkqubo yekhompyutha. Yonke into elidityaniswe ngqo kwi PC yakho, sebenzisa le nkqubo.
2. NAS. Le nkqubo iqhelekile abalandeli uthungelwano zasekuhlaleni. Inika ukufikelela iifayili zangaphakathi kunye namaxwebhu kuphela izixhobo eziye zachongwa 'yakhe. "
3. SAN. Ukususela ngokombono umsebenzisi unako ukuchaza inkqubo njenge sendawo drive, apho uxhulumaniso lusenziwa kuthungelwano usebenzisa lo protocol ukuba ufikelelo olusisiseko efayilini.
4. CAS. Le architecture yokugcina apho indima ebonakalayo ngoku udlalwa nge umfanekiselo data egcinwe. Yena hashed kwaye kusetyenziselwa ukukhangela ulwazi kumatshini, okanye izixhobo ngamnye. Enyanisweni, lo lwezakhiwo onokufaniswa isiseko ekhethekileyo apho asa ayifum - isixhobo ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza imixholo. Le nkqubo ngokulula efanele lunatyiswe, nto leyo kakhulu kwandisa iyahlala nokuthembeka. Kodwa okungalunganga ziquka izinga encinane yokusabela ukuba akavumeli isikali enkulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ngoku lo lwezakhiwo isetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina ye data zagcinwa okanye ezo kufuneka ukuba ixesha elide.

Technology eligcina data

Ngaphakathi kwinkqubo, kukho iindlela ezininzi ukugcinwa data nokwandisa usebenziso lwe disk kwaye inshorensi ixesha likaxakeka:

1. Backup. It imele indalo yokulinda iikopi lolwazi zisuswe kwaye oko kwakhona kuyimfuneko. Indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa isayizi ifayile. Nge komsebenzi ngokupheleleyo kuchaphazela yonke le nkqubo kunye neefayili. Ikopi kwandiswe igcinwe nje inxalenye yawo. Ukufuna Selection yenziwa ngabo ziye zatshintsha ukususela elingaphesheya yogcino lokugqibela. data Ngokuqhelekileyo egcinwe yi drive C okanye ngokukodwa wadala le yokugcina njongo.
2. Ukuphindaphindeka. Kuyinto yolunye kunye emgudu munye. Xa kuqala ukuqonda ukubekwa data, leyo ke iinkqubo zokugcina ezahlukeneyo (nangona kusenokuba ukusebenzisa drives ezimbini kwinkqubo efanayo). Kulo mzekelo, ulwazi irekhodi yenziwa ngexesha elinye. ukuphindaphindeka olungenangqamaniso yirekhodi data yenziwa ayikho enye ngexesha elinye, naxa lula. Le ndlela ivumela soyise umahluko isantya, kodwa data soze lifane ngokupheleleyo. Nangona baya kuzama kule. Kwiinzame ukudibanisa yayiyilwe technology phindana semi-yolunye. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba buqala irekhodi ukuba wenziwe ngexesha elinye, kodwa kusetyenziswa amajelo kwi umthamo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ethile kwinkqubo iphela, enye liyaqhubeka ukugqitywa. Idatha ezahlulwe sisithuba ubuncinane.
3. Yokuyeka. A indlela ekhethekileyo ukuba uluhlu ucinezelo data akubikho iikopi idyuplikethi zonke iifayile phindo. indlela ngakumbi kubaluleke xa ubukhulu ikopi ifayile kwaye inani eliphezulu kakhulu. Isetyenziswa ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwesithuba.

Kodwa hayi impendulo ngokupheleleyo le ngxaki, "nceda uchaze iifayile kwi inkqubo yokugcina disk." Ngokuba kwetyala epheleleyo kufuneka siqwalasele imemori ngakumbi.

imemori-kuphela ukufunda

Kuyaqondeka njengendawo yokugcina ulwazi, nekufuneka akuxhomekekanga kwindlela yonikezelo amandla. Kwakhona, ibizwa ngokuba memory non-aziphethe ngayo. Kweli candelo, kwabelwa isithuba kwidiski ukugcina amagama ifayile. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bafune ulwazi olugcinwe. lonke ulwazi "rhoqo" Kwakhona igcinwa apha igcinwayo ngumsebenzisi. Ngokomzekelo, i-data basebenza iifayile, imidlalo, wabasindisa amaxwebhu, iincwadi. Ukufumana ulwazi zilandwe emva kwamashumi, ukusukela ekubeni ukushicilelwa namandla kucime. Umzekelo i apho inkqubo yokusebenza iifayile C drive. Kakade ke, njengokuba kunjalo, ukuba sele bucinyiwe? Nokuba kungenzeka ukuba ukuqala ikhompyutha? Ngaphandle izakhi olongezelelweyo - akukho!

imemori yofikelelo oluzenzekelayo

Kukho inkumbulo zokusebenza okanye aziphethe ngayo. peculiarity layo ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa umbane rhoqo. Ngelo xesha limela ubungakanani ikhompyutha ungakwazi ukujamelana inani elithile izenzo, yaye, enyanisweni, kuchaphazela umthamo wayo. Kuyinto linoxanduva drives, iifolda, iifayile kunye namaxwebhu ngoku iyasebenza kwaye iyasebenza. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-software ngaphandle ukwandisa imemori ukuphucula kwimpahla yentsimbi ye computer kwiimeko ezininzi igcwele ukunyhashwa ukusebenza kwenkqubo lonke (hayi yokugcina nje).

imemori yecache

Kwakhona wabiza imemori yofikelelo ngokukhawuleza. Iqulethe ulwazi Inokuba ukubiza. Le peculiarity kukuba rhoqo, kwaye efihlakeleyo ziqulathe iinkcukacha efanayo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba owesibini ngokukhawuleza, ekuqaleni kwenziwe uphando kuyo. Ukuba akukho umdlalo ofunyenweyo, ikhompyutha kuya kufuneka ukuba bakhangele memory esisigxina. Xa umdlalo sele ifumaneka kwi-cache utshintsho ziya kwenziwa apha kuqala. Ke ngoko, ukuba kunokwenzeka, xa imemori non-aziphethe ngayo. A ethile eqhelekileyo ye-cache ubukhulu omncinane. Igcina iifayile kwi diski computer ilinganiselwe kwicandelo yentsimbi ye kuzo zonke iintlobo inkumbulo. Ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha ubungakanani ukuba zifakelwe into engcono kwaye ngexesha elinye ehambelanayo kunye nezinye iinkqubo.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, inkqubo kugcino - indlela kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo. Oku kuquka iintlobo somnqophiso (apho omnye kuphela ingqalelo ngenxa uluhlu olubanzi lolwazi), iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zombutho kunye nobuchwephesha, ngokunjalo kwinkumbulo. Ngoku sinokuthi impendulo kwisicelo "bachaze iifayile kwi inkqubo yokugcina disk" sinikwe.