Carnot Cycle - izixhobo ithiyori bajula zonke iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi

Phakathi kwazo zonke iinkqubo elibujikele thermodynamic of ingakumbi yesicelo ithiyori kwaye aluncedo zomjikelo Carnot. ke udla ngokubizwa ngokuba ongenakoyiswa, ezinkulu, egqibeleleyo, njalo njalo. d. A lot kubonakala yena ukuba abe yinto twi nentsonkothileyo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba oko kuyinyaniso ukubeka zonke kwamagama, ngoko ukuvula ngoko nangoko zonke elula, ubuhle kunye ubungqondi le fyabo, leyo yafunyanwa ngama-nzulu French kunye injineli sadi Carnot. Kwaye kuyacaca ukuba akukho nto enkulu kule nkqubo icetywayo ngabo, kodwa kukho kuphela ukusetyenziswa isebenzayo imithetho ethile yendalo.

Ngoko ke yintoni ngokwenene umjikelo Carnot kakuhle eyaziwa yaye kungakholeleki? Kokuba kuchazwe lwenqubo sasemthethweni esinelungelo lokuwisa ezingashukumiyo zosetyenziso ezisekelwe ukuncitshiswa kwenkqubo thermodynamic qha oshushu kunye iperi thermostats amatanki ukuba amaxabiso rhoqo kwaye uzinzile lobushushu. Kuthathwa ukuba lobushushu lokuqala (ukufudumeza) ngaphezu yesibini (ifriji). Carnot umjikelezo inkqubo thermodynamic kuqala, ekuqaleni ukuba ixabiso ethile thermal, iza wawumdibanisa isifudumezi. Emva koko, yi-zokucutha ngamabona kade kulo ekuthiwa ulwandiso quasistatic, kulandele ngokuboleka imbawula nobushushu ukuxhathisa kwingcinezelo.

Emva koko, le nkqubo uyazimela, ezenza kwakhona uyawafikisa quasistatic yi ukwandiswa adiabatic de iqondo layo lifike efanayo iparameters nefriji. Kule uhlobo nkqubo ukwanda thermodynamic kwakhona wenza ukumelana ethile ukusebenza kwingcinezelo lwangaphandle. Kule meko, inkqubo kunye zifakwa kunye ekondensa, apho ngokuthi rhoqo ngokwandisa uxinzelelo kubhaliwe zixinaniswe ukuya kwindawo, ukuze ngoko ke ngokupheleleyo ithumela ichibi ubushushu yesibini, abolekwe imbawula. Carnot Cycle esisodwa ekubeni ezingahambi nayiphi na ilahleko ubushushu. Enyanisweni, scheme ezo ngokuba umatshini motion elingunaphakade kubo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusebenza wobushushu somjikelo Carnot, leyo kuxhomekeke kuphela kwisibini itanki lobushushu iya kusoloko kuba lula kakhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, akukho namnye likwazile ukwenza umatshini, thermal ukusebenza leyo ngaphezu amashumi amathathu ekhulwini inkqubo obuvumelekileyo nokungazinzi koqoqosho sadi Carnot.

Kwaye le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ufanelekayo kuba kukhona kulungileyo kakhulu kunabanye imijikelo iyakwazi ukuguqula ubushushu imisebenzi luncedo. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa nobunzima ekulungelelaniseni nasekuqhutyweni iinkqubo isothermal, isicelo yayo kunzima kakhulu ukuqhuba ngokwenene. Ukuze ubuninzi transfer ubushushu ukusebenza umatshini kufuneka bodwa ngokupheleleyo kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle, nto leyo eneneni nzima.

Reverse umjikelo Carnot sisiseko yesenzo umgaqo pump ubushushu, leyo, ngokungafaniyo umatshini refrigerating kufuneka naliphi na amandla into eshushu nga kunikwa, ezifana inkqubo ubushushu. Ezinye ubushushu ethatyathwa yemeko ezisingqongileyo, ukuba amaqondo obushushu asezantsi, iqhezu eliseleyo eneji efunekayo ngesi nokwenziwa komsebenzi ngomatshini, ezifana isiguquli.